Disaster Nursing Midterm PDF

DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 DEFINITION OF TERMS HAZARD DISASTER ➔ A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human ➔ A serious disruption of the functioning of a...

DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 DEFINITION OF TERMS HAZARD DISASTER ➔ A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human ➔ A serious disruption of the functioning of a activity or condition that may cause loss of life, community or a society involving widespread injury or other health impacts, property damage, human,material, economic or environmental loss of livelihoods and services, social and losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of economic disruption, or environmental damage the affected community or society to cope using its own resources DISASTER MITIGATION ➔ The lessening and limitation of the adverse HOME MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS impacts of hazards and related disasters. Mitigation measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard resilient construction as INTRODUCTION well as improved environmental policies and ➔ Disaster can strike at any moment, with little notice public awareness (NDRRM) ➔ In order to protect your home and family, it is DISASTER PREPAREDNESS important to be prepared and have a plan in place. ➔ The knowledge and capacities develop by ➔ The FAMILY PREPAREDNESS PLAN contains four governments, professional response and recovery steps that families should take to be ready for any organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover disaster from the impacts of likely, imminent or current ROLE OF NURSE IN FAMILY DISASTER PREPAREDNESS hazard events or conditions (RA 10121) ➔ Should be in the form of MANPOWER, MONEY, and DISASTER RESPONSE MATERIALS ➔ The provision of emergency services and public ➔ Evaluation from past experiences about risk assistance during or immediately after disaster in ➔ Identify location of DISASTER-PRONE areas order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs ➔ Organization of communication, information, and of the people affected warning systems ➔ It is predominantly focused on immediate and ➔ Ensuring coordination and response mechanisms short term needs and is sometimes called ➔ Development of public education program “disaster relief” ➔ Coordination with media DISASTER RISK ➔ Keeping stocks of foods, drugs, and other essential ➔ The potential disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets and services, which commodities could occur to a particular community or society STEPS IN FAMILY PREPAREDNESS PLAN over some specified future time period DISASTER RISK REDUCTION STEP 1: IDENTIFY HAZARDS ➔ The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and ➔ Identify what types of disasters are most likely to manage the causal factors of disasters, including happen in your area, and learn about how to prepare through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened for vulnerability of people and property, wise ➔ Learn about your community’s warning system and management of land and the environment, and signals such as sirens, text messages, and etc. improved preparedness for adverse events ➔ Consider purchasing a NATIONAL OCEANIC AND EARLY RECOVERY ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION weather radio ➔ Multidimensional process of recovery that begins - This radio broadcasts official warnings, in a humanitarian setting. It is guided by watches, advisories, forecasts, and other development principles that seek to build on hazards 24 hours a day, 7 days a week humanitarian programs and catalyze sustainable ➔ Identify local organizations that perform emergency development opportunities ➔ It aims to generate self-sustaining, management nationally-owned, resilient processes for post a. Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC) - crisis recovery Provides disaster relief, emergency medical ➔ It encompasses the restoration of basic services, services, and humanitarian assistance. livelihoods, governance, security and rule of law, b. National Disaster Risk Reduction and environment and social dimensions, including Management Council (NDRRMC) - reintegration of displaced populations Coordinates disaster preparedness and MITIGATION response at the national level. ➔ Is the effort to reduce the loss of life and property c. Local Government Units (LGUs) - Each city by lessening the impact of disasters. Stated or municipality has its own disaster plainly, mitigation can keep natural hazards, like response team, often led by the Local flooding and hurricanes, from having catastrophic impacts. Federal Emergency Management Agency Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (FEMA) Office (LDRRMO). d. Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) - Responds to maritime emergencies and disasters. #FUTURERN | PNLE 2025 1 DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 e. Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) - Handles IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS fire-related emergencies and rescue operations. a. Identification: Copies of important f. Philippine Army and other military documents (IDs, insurance policies, etc.). branches - Provide support during b. Emergency contact information: List of large-scale disasters. family and friends. g. Community Emergency Response Teams c. Maps: Local and regional maps for (CERTs) - Local volunteer groups trained to navigation. respond to emergencies within their communities. PERSONAL ITEMS ➔ Educate yourself on any disaster plans in place such a. Clothing: Extra clothing and sturdy shoes. as your workplace, children’s school or other places b. Hygiene items: Soap, toothpaste, feminine you and your family spend time products, and personal hygiene items. c. Infant supplies: If applicable, include STEP 2: HOLD A FAMILY MEETING formula, diapers, and baby food. ➔ Meet with your family to discuss why it is important to be prepared ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS - Review the types of disasters that are most likely to occur, and explain what to do in a. Cash: In small denominations, as ATMs each situation may be unavailable. - Assign responsibilities to each family b. Pet supplies: If you have pets, include food, member, amd plan to work together as a water, and leashes. team c. Special needs items: Any necessary items ➔ Decide on locations where you will meet in case a for elderly or disabled family members. disaster strikes - Outside your home and neighborhood in OPTIONAL ITEMS case of a sudden emergency such as a. Portable phone charger: To keep devices earthquake or fire charged. - Outside your city in case you cannot return b. Entertainment: Books, games, or cards to home help pass the time. ➔ Discuss what to do in an evacuation and create a c. Portable radio: To receive updates and family evacuation plan information. - If a family member is frequently away from ➔ Locate safe places in your home for each type of home, plan how you will respond if he or disaster she is away when a disaster strikes ➔ Determine the best evacuation routes from your ➔ Document how your family will communicate if a home disaster strikes and create a family communications ➔ Become trained in first aid and CPR plan ➔ Show each family member how and where to shut off ➔ If anyone in your family has a disability or special utilities such as water, gas, electricity needs, adjust your plan accordingly ➔ Make a complete inventory of your home and ➔ Be sure to include your family pets in your family property evacuation plan ➔ Teach each family member how to use fire STEP 3: PREPARE extinguisher and where to find one ➔ Post emergency contacts such as friends, family, ➔ Assemble a disaster supply kit neighbors, police, fire, etc on the refrigerator BASIC SUPPLIES: a. Water: At least one gallon per person per STEP 4: PRACTICE YOUR PLAN day for at least three days. ➔ Practice your plan with your family on a regular basis b. Non-perishable food: At least a three-day every 6 months supply (e.g., canned goods, energy bars). ➔ Check your disaster supply kit every 3 months c. Manual can opener: For food items that are ➔ Replace stored water and food every 3 months canned. ➔ Update any emergency contact information as d. Flashlight: Preferably with extra batteries. changes occur e. First aid kit: Include bandages, antiseptics, pain relievers, and any necessary HOME MITIGATION medications. f. Whistle: To signal for help. ➔ Mitigation is the effort to reduce the loss of lids and g. Dust masks: To help filter contaminated air. property by lessening the impact of disasters h. Moist towelettes and garbage bags: For ➔ Stated plainly, mitigation can keep natural hazards, personal sanitation. like flooding and hurricanes form having i. Multi-tool or knife: For various tasks. catastrophic impacts j. Blankets or sleeping bags: For warmth. ➔ Federal Emergency Management Agency #FUTURERN | PNLE 2025 2 DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA) SCHOOL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT ➔ The mission is to support our citizens and first responders to ensure that as a nation, we work INTRODUCTION together to build, sustain, and improve our capability ➔ Disaster deprives children of their right to a to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover continuous, quality, basic education in a safe from, and mitigate all hazards environment. They threaten the lives of children, their families, and education personnel FLOOD MITIGATION OPTIONS ➔ Hazards only become disasters when it affects a ★ Purchasing flood insurance population. The severity of the disaster depends on a ★ Elevate your home’s lowest floor above the Base population’s capacity to cope using its own resources Flood Elevation (BFE) ➔ Hazards that occur in an uninhabited island or ★ Install flood vents in foundation walls, garages, and hazards that occur in a community which is well other enclosed areas prepared for such events may not experience a ★ Use flood resistant materials in areas of your home disaster below the base flood elevation ➔ Decreasing vulnerability and increasing capacities ★ Anchor any fuel tanks to the floor and make sure of a community exposed to a hazard could prevent vents and fill line openings are above the base flood disasters (SYNERGISTIC EFFECT) elevation ★ Install a backflow valve on your sewer system to prevent sewage backup in your home PURPOSE OF SCHOOL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND ★ Add waterproof veneer to exterior walls to prevent MANAGEMENT SDRRM: PART ONE shallow flooding from damaging your home ➔ The School Disaster Risk Reduction Management (SDRRM) is designed to guide school heads and WIND MITIGATION OPTIONS administrators in facilitating the protection of children, education personnel, and education ★ Install hurricane shutters to protect windows and glass doors ★ Gable end roofs are more susceptible to high wind THE COMPREHENSIVE DRRM IN BASIC EDUCATION than other roof types. If you have a gable end roof, FRAMEWORK: LEGAL BASIS add bracings to reinforce the roof ★ Consider fastening the roof to the walls with THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DRRM IN BASIC EDUCATION IS hurricane straps GUIDED BY DEPED’s THREE MAJOR OUTCOMES: ★ Reinforce garage doors and double entry doors to ➔ ACCESS the ways in which educational institutions prevent failure under wind pressure and policies ensure or at least strive to ensure - that ★ Garage doors can be reinforced with girts and by students have equal and equitable opportunities to strengthening the glider wheel tracks take full advantage of their education ★ Double entry doors can be reinforced with a heavy ➔ QUALITY in education is non-negotiable duty deadbolt, adding slide bolts on one of the doors, ➔ GOVERNANCE - decision making or rule setting and using longer hinge attachments on the door and frame As a member of the National DRRM Council (NDRRMC) the ★ Maintain your property. Anything from loose Department is also committed to implement DRRM in basic shingles to treescan become a windborne missile education within the following thematic areas: PREVENTION ★ The distance between your home and any tree should and MITIGATION; PREPAREDNESS; RESPONSE; and be greater than a full-grown tree’s height RECOVERY and REHABILITATION LEARNING HOW TO MITIGATE? GLOBAL COMPREHENSIVE SAFETY FRAMEWORK: DEPED’S ➔ FEMA produces mitigation guidance for FRAMEWORK PROVIDES GUIDANCE communities, businesses, and homeowners, 1. The implementation of DRRM for education including: practitioners’ and partners’ planning and a. Building Science Publications: Flood and programming at all levels; Wind 2. The inclusion of DRRM in the school, division and b. Protecting your home and property from regional education development plans; flood damage (also available in Spanish) 3. Defining the agency’s response to hazards affecting c. Homeowner’s guide to retrofitting school operations; d. Mitigation’s value to your community fact 4. Serving as mechanism for engaging partners and sheet ➔ FEMA also provides grant funding for certain kinds aligning their thrust to DepEd priorities; of mitigation projects under the Hazard Mitigation 5. Guiding collaboration with private schools Assistance Program. This funding must be accessed via your local government. Contact your local THE COMPREHENSIVE DRRM IN BASIC EDUCATION emergency management agency for more FRAMEWORK information ➔ With the issuance of a policy (DO 37 s 2015), the framework is expected to guide schools in assessing, #FUTURERN | PNLE 2025 3 DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 planning, and implementing their specific ★ Prepare and submit reports on the effects of any prevention and mitigation, preparedness response hazard and recovery and rehabilitation interventions as ★ Ensure implementation of DepEd Order No. 43, s. expressed in the following: 2012 or the “GUIDELINES ON THE a. Pillar 1: SAFE LEARNING FACILITIES IMPLEMENTATION OF EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 66 s. b. Pillar 2: SCHOOL DISASTER MANAGEMENT 2012 (Prescribing Rules on the Cancellation or c. Pillar 3: DRR IN EDUCATION Suspension of Classes and Work in Government Offices Due to Typhoons, Flooding, Other Weather THE COMPREHENSIVE DRRM IN BASIC EDUCATION Disturbances, and Calamities) FRAMEWORK SEEKS TO: ➔ Protect learners and education workers from death, ★ Conduct rapid assessment of damages after every injury, and harm in schools; hazard and submit RAPID ASSESSMENT OF ➔ Plan for educational continuity in the face of DAMAGES REPORT (RADaR) within 72 hours via SMS expected hazards and threats ★ Facilitate immediate responses resumption of ➔ Safeguard education and sector investments classes to track learners ➔ Strengthen risk reduction and resilience through ★ Monitor recovery and rehabilitation interventions education being implemented in the school BASED ON DO 21 s 2015 THE SDRRM TEAM WILL THE THREE PILLARS OF THE COMPREHENSIVE DRRM IN UNDERTAKE THE FOLLOWING BASIC EDUCATION FRAMEWORK PREVENTION AND MITIGATION ★ Ensure the establishment of an EARLY WARNING PILLAR 1: SAFE LEARNING FACILITIES SYSTEM (i.e. bulletin board for weather advisories, ➔ The pillar refers to the physical and other related bell/siren emergency signal and the like) structures of the schools. It also includes the ★ Conduct an annual student-led risk identification establishment of temporary learning spaces that can and mapping within and around the school premises be used during possible displacement brought by to ensure a safe environment that is conducive to disasters and/or emergencies teaching and learning ➔ Here, education authorities, architects, engineers, builders, and school community members undertake ★ Maintain close coordination with local DRRM council safe site selection, design, construction and on the conduct of preparedness activities and on maintenance of school structures and ensure safe response needs, among others; continuous access to the facility (DO 37 s 2015) ★ Provide capacity building activities for teachers, non-teaching staff and learners on DRMM KEY INDICATORS OF EDUCATION FACILITIES THAT ARE ★ maintain , disseminate, and post relevant and CONDUCIVE TO THE PHYSICAL WELL-BEING OF LEARNERS updated emergency hotlines in strategic locations 1. The school is accessible to all regardless of physical throughout the school ability ★ Post safety and preparedness measures and 2. The learning environment is marked by visible evacuation plans boundaries and clear signs as appropriate PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 3. The school grounds have adequate space for classes ★ Conduct disaster preparedness measures including and administration, recreation and sanitation but not limited to quarterly multi-hazard drills facilities applicable to the school’s identified hazard such as 4. Class space and seating arrangements are according earthquake fire and flood to the prescribed ratio of space per learner and ★ Maintain the safekeeping of vital school records and teacher, at all grade levels, in order to facilitate learning materials participatory methodologies and learner-centered ★ Organize SCHOOL DRRM TEAM to support the approaches implementation of preparedness and response 5. Communities participate in the construction and measures maintenance of the school ★ Ensure the availability of updated baseline education 6. Basic health and hygiene are promoted in the data of school learning environment ★ Integrate DRRM in regular school programs and 7. Schools and other learning environments are located in close proximity to the populations they serve activities and school improvement plan (SIP) 8. Access routes leading to the school are safe and ★ Pre-identify possible TEMPORARY LEARNING secure for all SPACES (TLS) and alternative delivery modes of 9. The learning environment is fee from dangers that education may cause harm to learners RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION 10. Training programs for teachers, learners, and the ★ Monitor the effects of hazard including the use of the community are in place to promote safety, security school as evacuation center and protection ★ Track all school personnel during disasters and/or emergencies #FUTURERN | PNLE 2025 4 DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 vulnerabilities of DepEd schools, personnel 11. Teachers and other education provided with the and students skills to give psychosocial support for the learner’s IN THE EVENT OF ANY HAZARD, THE FOLLOWING emotional well-being INFORMATION SHOULD BE COLLECTED PILLAR 2: SCHOOL DISASTER MANAGEMENT BEFORE ➔ The pillar refers to the establishment of organizational support structures such as DRRM Hazard occurrences SERVICE and DRRM COORDINATORS in all regional Baseline data and division offices of DepEd. Prevention and mitigation measures undertaken ➔ The SDRRM TEAM will be in charge of implementing, Preparedness measures undertaken monitoring and reporting such initiatives to the school management DURING AND AFTER ➔ The team should encourage personal and Personnel affected organizational preparedness, guide mitigation work Learners affected and assure enactment of multi-hazard drills Schools used as evacuation centers Class suspension and resumption LEADERSHIP AND COORDINATION Classroom damages ★ School safety is a responsibility of the entire Temporary learning spaces community. However, school DRRM requires Other interventions coordination to be headed by the school administrator or school head PILLAR 3: DRRM IN EDUCATION ★ Involvement of teachers non-teaching staff, ➔ This refers to the integration of DRRM in the formal students, parents and community members is a must and non formal school curricula and in extra as well as its integration in management strategies at curricular activities. It should also provide the each administrative level in education sector necessary material support. These covers building ★ In this regard, a SCHOOL DRRM TEAM should be the capacity and skills of learners and personnel, organized particularly teachers (DO 37 s 2015) ➔ Based on the new K to 12 curriculum, DR and INFORMATION MANAGEMENT co-curricular activities CCA are integrated from ★ Information management involves gathering, kindergarten to Grade 10 in subject areas such as storing, and disseminating information. It should Health, Social Studies and Science complement the four thematic areas of DRRM. ➔ Given the emotional stress caused by disasters, ★ School administrators should know how to manage psychosocial support is also integrated in the information on any phase of the disaster learning process of students as a recovery ★ Proper management of information can save lives, mechanism. prevent panic, and improve coordination among the community, other agencies, and organizations. STEPS IN IMPLEMENTING SCHOOL DRRM ★ STEP 1: ASSESS - Know your risks MONITORING AND EVALUATION ★ STEP 2: PLAN - Reduce your risks, prepare or ★ Monitoring and Evaluation also tracks the actions respond and ensure education continuity taken, support services provided to affected areas ★ STEP 3: IMPLEMENT - your plan and interventions from other government agencies ★ STEP 4: MONITOR, EVALUATE, and REPORT and education partners STEP 1: ASSESS (KNOW YOUR RISKS) ★ Focuses on systems, standards, and processes that should established to improve the implementation of ➔ This step guides the knowing and understanding of DRRM in education and ensure education in risks which may affect learners and teachers emergency interventions are appropriately a. Student-led School Watching and Hazard implemented (e.g. psychosocial support, temporary Mapping (DepEd Order 23 s2015) learning spaces, ensuring protected and safe spaces b. Community Hazard Maps for children) c. Building Inspection including Fire Safety d. Basic Education Profile CORE FUNCTIONS OF SDRRM TEAM e. School Risk Assessment 1. Facilitates the harmonization of various efforts of STEP 2: PLAN DRRM in education, externally and internally ➔ This step involves the formulation of strategy, - The team should ensure the engagement of addressing identified risks and establishment of various DepEd offices, relevant government protocols which will be implemented before and agencies, and education partners in during disaster including ensuring education building resilience and coordination among continuity stakeholders a. Integration of DRRM in the School 2. Ensures the availability of validated education Improvement Plan information and monitoring and evaluation b. Set up the School DRRM Team - Monitoring and evaluation results which would expand the analysis on various #FUTURERN | PNLE 2025 5 DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 c. Brigada Eskwela: School Safety and SAFER, ADAPTIVE AND DISASTER RESILIENT FILIPINO Preparedness Checklist (DM 41, s2015) COMMUNITIES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT d. Early Warning Systems e. Scan Then Upload Documents and DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION Instructional Materials to Available Free ➔ Avoid hazards and mitigate their potential Online Facilities impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure f. Update and Post Emergency Numbers and enhancing capacities of communities g. Establish a School Reunification Plan DISASTER PREPAREDNESS h. Education Continuity Plan: Identification of ➔ Establish and strengthen capacities of Temporary Learning Spaces and communities to anticipate, cope, and recover Resumption Strategies from the negative impacts of emergency i. Evacuation Protocols, Including Evacuation occurrences and disasters DISASTER RESPONSE Procedures for Elderly, Young Children and ➔ Provide life preservation and meet the basic Persons with Disabilities subsistence needs of affected population based on j. Continuously Conduct Multi hazard Drill acceptable standards during or immediately after and Evacuation Procedures disaster k. Family Preparedness Plan DISASTER REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY ➔ Restore and improve facilities, livelihood, and STEP 3: IMPLEMENT YOUR PLAN AND BE FLEXIBLE living conditions and organizational capacities of ➔ This step provides a list of things to consider in affected communities and reduced disaster risks response to an early recovery in basic education. in accordance with the “building back better” a. Immediate Monitoring of the Effects of the principle Hazard b. School Personnel PREVENTION AND MITIGATION c. TrackingStudent-Family Reunification Protocol Under Section 3 of Republic Act 10121, disaster prevention d. School Clean-Up under disaster mitigation are defined as: e. Setting Up of Temporary Learning Spaces ➔ DISASTER PREVENTION - the outright avoidance of and Use of Schools as Evacuation Centers adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters f. Resumption of Classes ➔ Avoid potential adverse impacts through action g. Learning Materials taken in advance such as construction of dams or h. Provision of Psychosocial Support embankments that eliminate flood risk STEP 4: MONITOR, EVALUATE, AND REPORT ➔ Land use regulations that do not permit any settlement in high risk zones and seismic ➔ This step puts importance in assessing the execution engineering designs that ensure the survival and of plans and protocols and sharing of experiences function of a critical building in any likely and practices earthquake a. Review Implementation of Safety and ➔ The lessening or limitation of the advance impacts of Preparedness Measures and Protocols hazards and related disasters b. Integrate the Assessment Results in School ➔ Mitigation measures encompasses: Planning a. Engineering techniques c. Learn from Past Disasters b. Hazard-resilient construction d. Monitor, Evaluate, and Report c. Improved environmental policies and Interventions Before, During, and After a public awareness Disaster KEY STRATEGIC ACTIONS THAT GIVE IMPORTANCE TO COMMUNITY MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS PREVENTION AND MITIGATION 1. Activities revolving around hazards evaluation and DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT (DRRM) mitigation PRIORITY AREAS AND LONG TERM GOALS 2. Vulnerability analyses 3. Identification of hazard-prone areas and ➔ The country will have: SAFER, ADAPTIVE AND mainstreaming DRRM into development plans DISASTER RESILIENT FILIPINO COMMUNITIES 4. It is based on sound and scientific analysis of the TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT different underlying factors which contribute to the ➔ This will be achieved through: vulnerability of the people ad eventually, their risks a. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation and exposure to hazards and disasters b. Disaster Preparedness c. Disaster Response NDRRM OBJECTIVES d. Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation ➔ LONG TERM GOAL: Avoid hazards and mitigate their potential impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure and enhancing capacities of communities #FUTURERN | PNLE 2025 6 DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 ★ risks and exposure to disasters as well as be ➔ OBJECTIVES: involved in the process of assessment, a. Reduce vulnerability and exposure of analysis and the conduct of monitoring communities to all hazards activities b. Enhance capacities of communities to KEY ACTIVITIES reduce their own risks and cope with the a. Conduct of hazard mapping and impact of all hazards vulnerability assessments b. Conduct of studies on disaster risk NDRRM OUTCOMES prevention interventions for armed conflict 1. DRRM or the Disaster Risk Reduction and situation and climate change effects Management and CCA or Climate Change c. Establishment of knowledge management Adaptation mainstreamed and integrated in center within the OCD which will also national, sectoral, regional, and local development conduct capacity building and research policies, plans and budget activities on DRRM KEY ACTIVITIES d. Information dissemination through a. Mainstreaming and integration of DRRM partnerships with various media and CCA into national, sectoral, regional 5. Communities have access to effective and and local development policies, plans, applicable disaster risk financing and insurance programs and budget ★ Risk transfer mechanisms through disaster b. Development of science based risk financing and insurance contribute to mainstreaming tools for DRRM and CCA the prevention and mitigation of disasters, c. Institutionalization of DRRMCs and especially at the community level. Through DRRMOs this, their vulnerabilities are lessened d. Utilization of the Local DRRM Funds through options and buffers available for 2. DRRM AND CCA sensitive environmental them management KEY ACTIVITIES KEY ACTIVITIES a. Conduct of research and develop new modalities for a. Integration of DRRM and CCA in the risk financing schemes different environment related policies and b. Develop advocacy and risk communication plan to plans, including for land use, natural encourage communities to avail risk financing resource management options b. Development of a joint work plan and c. Update the directory of available risk financing alignment of the NDRRMP and the National windows of LGUs Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan 6. End-to-End monitoring, forecasting and early (NCCCAAP) warning systems are established and/or improved 3. Increased disaster resiliency of infrastructure systems As defined under Republic Act 10121, EWS is the set of ★ Urban disasters are among the country’s capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely growing concerns in DRRM. with the and meaningful warning information to enable exponential increase of poor people living individuals, communities, and organizations in highly congested urban communities threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act surrounded by old, unstable and highly appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the vulnerable buildings, attention to how risks possibility of harm or loss can be reduced in infrastructure systems need to be emphasized A PEOPLE CENTERED EWS IS ABOUT HAVING: KEY ACTIVITIES The knowledge of the risks a. Conduct of inventory, vulnerability and risk Monitoring, analysis and forecasting of assessments of critical facilities hazards b. Develop guidelines on the redesign, Communication or dissemination of alerts retrofitting or operational modifications of and warnings infrastructure Local capabilities to respond to the c. Integration of DRRM and CCA in the warnings received. END-TO-END building code WARNING SYSTEM IS EMPHASIZED d. Advocacy for the implementation of the WHICH INCORPORATES ALL STEPS FROM building code and use of green technology HAZARD DETECTION TO COMMUNITY 4. Community based and scientific DRR CCA RESPONSE assessment, mapping, analysis and monitoring ★ To be a more effective guide in national and KEY ACTIVITIES local planning, a combination of a. Develop and institutionalize EWS information community based and scientific DRR or CCA sharing and communication systems between LGUs, hazard and risk mapping will be a priority. communities and national government Through this, not only will the findings be b. Develop criteria for accreditation and/or validated, communities will be able to standardized EWS participate and take part in knowing about c. Procure equipment and establish EWS facilities the different factors which increase their #FUTURERN | PNLE 2025 7 DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 d. Develop community based and local early warning systems for various hazards 2. Communities are equipped with the necessary skills and capability to cope with the impact of disasters DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ★ Being aware is not enough. People, communities and governments need to be Under Section 3 of Republic Act of 10121, disaster preparedness equipped with skills and capability to help is defined as: them prepare for sisters 1. The knowledge and capacities developed by ★ This includes, among others, development governments, professional response and recovery of contingency plans, pre-emptive organizations, communities and individuals to evacuation, incident command systems, effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from stockpiling and equipment pre-positioning the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard ★ Doing disaster preparedness entails a events or conditions process that analyzes a potential event that 2. Preparedness Action is carried out within the threatens a community and the context of DRRM and aims to build the capacities environment and defines the root cause/s of needed to efficiently manage all types of the potential event emergencies and achieve orderly transitions from ★ It is not only establishes arrangements in response to sustained recovery advance to enable timely, effective and 3. Preparedness is based on a sound analysis of DRR appropriate responses to such events and and good linkages with early warning systems and situations but it, too identifies and plans for includes such activities as contingency planning, DRR strategies to address an imminent threat to life and property stockpiling of equipment and supplies, the KEY ACTIVITIES development of arrangements for coordination, a. Development of standard DRRM training evacuation and public information and associated modules training and field exercises. These must be supported b. Conduct of trainings and simulation by formal, institutional, legal and budgetary exercise capacities c. Customized and specialized DRRM capacity building activities for specific groups such NDRRM OBJECTIVES as decision makers, responders, children, ➔ LONG TERM GOAL: Establish and strengthen public sector employees, etc. capacities of communities to anticipate, cope and d. Integration of DRRM and CCA in school recover from the negative impacts of emergency curricula, textbooks, manuals occurrences and disasters 3. Increased DRRM and CCA capacity of local DRRM ➔ OBJECTIVES: councils and offices and operations centers at all a. Increase the level of awareness of the levels community to the threats and impacts of all ★ In order for the community to be equipped hazards, risks, and vulnerabilities with necessary skills to cope with the b. Equip the community with the necessary negative impacts of disaster, skills and skills to cope with the negative impacts of a capacity building and conduct of various disaster drills are necessary c. Increase the capacity of institutions ★ Through these, people will become d. Develop and implement comprehensive prepared and at the same time lessen their national and local disaster preparedness fear of not knowing what to do and where to policies, plans and systems go when disasters strikes e. Strengthen partnership among all key KEY ACTIVITIES players and stakeholders a. Selection and accreditation of NGO representatives NDRRM OUTCOMES b. Development of the local DRRM plan 1. Increased level of awareness and enhanced capacity c. Development of contingency plans of the community to the threats and impacts of all d. Inventory of resources of the local DRRM hazards councils and offices ★ In most cases, people and communities are e. Stockpiling and pre positioning of resources vulnerable to disasters because of lack of f. Establishment of DRRM operations center information about the hazards; how to 4. Developed and implemented comprehensive prepare for them; and how to reduce the national and local preparedness policies, plans, and risks of the hazards affecting their lives and systems livelihoods. When their level of awareness ★ The actions and responded of communities and understanding are increased, people and governments during disasters lie are more prepared heavily on the amount of preparedness KEY ACTIVITIES activities they do before the disaster a. Develop DRRM and CCA information, happens education, communication (IEC) and ★ The development and implementation of advocacy plans comprehensive national and local preparedness policies, plans and systems #FUTURERN | PNLE 2025 8 DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 ★ spell out the difference between reduced b. Issuances of public advisories in accordance and increased risks. When the capacity of with protocols developed institutions is increased, response c. Establishment of coordination systems for operations will become more efficient, effective and efficient relief and response effective, and timely operations d. Activation of relief distribution KEY ACTIVITIES points/centers a. Develop and/or enhance and simulate 2. Adequate and prompt assessment of needs and scenario based preparedness and response damages plans ★ Adequate and prompt assessment of b. Develop and/or enhance ICS coordination damage and needs during and after a and communication systems disaster is called for. Accordingly, this c. Develop and/or enhance a manual of includes a timeframe (i.e., 24-48 hrs.) for a operations for Disaster Operations Centers Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis d. Develop and/or enhance guidelines for (DANA) to be considered as “rapid.” emergency response teams ★ In order to gather data, interviews, ocular e. Develop and/or enhance agreed protocols inspection and creation of reports are for information gathering and reporting among the key activities. In order to f. Develop and/or enhance common and promptly produce and submit DANA integrated response assessment tools and Report, a DANA Team must be pre- created mechanisms during normal times (under preparedness) g. Conduct inventory of resources for disaster and activated during disasters. The operations and response effectiveness of disaster response 5. Strengthened partnership and coordination among operations lies on the efficient and prompt all key players and stakeholders information collection, consolidation, ★ For DRRM to succeed, an analysis, and us all-of-government approach is needed. Key KEY ACTIVITIES DRRM players and stakeholders should a. Activation of assessment teams at all levels work together and complement their b. Conduct assessment using the latest DANA activities, strengths and resources in order tool and use of the information by the to aptly prepare for and reduce the risks to appropriate DRRM council disasters 3. Integrated and coordinated search, rescue, and KEY ACTIVITIES retrieval (SRR) capacity a. Development, maintenance and update of a partners and key stakeholders database for ★ Management of the dead and missing may DRRM be one of the most difficult aspects under b. Formulate coordination mechanisms and disaster response. It has a deep and guidelines in the contingency plan for long-lasting impact on victims, survivors, partnership arrangements families, and communities. c. Increased participation of CSOs in ★ Accordingly, the care of the dead and preparedness activities missing must never be overlooked in disaster planning. There must be integrated and coordinated services for the dead and DISASTER RESPONSE OBJECTIVES missing to ensure that the dead maintain its ➔ LONG TERM GOAL: Provide life preservation and dignity and the missing found meet the basic subsistence needs of affected KEY ACTIVITIES population based on acceptable standards during or a. Develop and implement systems for SRR immediately after a disaster with concerned agencies ➔ OBJECTIVES: 4. Evacuated safely and on time affected communities a. To decrease the number of preventable ★ The decision to evacuate an area must be deaths and injuries done promptly. Timing is essential to an b. To provide basic subsistence needs of orderly, safe, and effective evacuation. affected population Authorities must ensure that no person gets stranded; all those who want/need evacuation must be attended to. NDRRMP OUTCOMES ★ Though timing is essential, it is not only the 1. Well established disaster response and relief factor that contributes to successful operations evacuation operations. The availability of ★ Key to effective disaster response logistics is also a key consideration; the operations is the recognition of the scale disaster itself (e.g., inclement importance of a seamless flow of weather) is also important. Accordingly, information especially during calamities. there must be regular coordination with This will ensure that reliable, accurate data relevant agencies to ensure seamless are collected and shared in a timely manner activation of evacuation system/procedures KEY ACTIVITIES in order to contribute to effective disaster a. Activate an evacuation system and/or set of response procedures KEY ACTIVITIES a. Activation of the INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM (ICS), C3 and the cluster approach at the national and local levels #FUTURERN | PNLE 2025 9 DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 5. Temporary shelter and/or structural needs are b. Development and conduct of psychosocial adequately addressed programs and/or referral systems ★ Disasters leave many people homeless. c. Conduct of traumatic and/or psychological Temporary shelters in some ways provide a stress debriefing measure of comfort safety for victims. The 8. Coordinated and integrated system for early provision of adequate temporary shelters is recovery of invaluable importance during ★ There must be a functional, integrated, and cataclysmic times. It is about a temporary coordinated system to assist victims all the “home” where people, their sources of way through their early recovery. Success of livelihoods and important valuables find such an endeavor is dependent on both the refuge in times of disasters. Temporary local and national governments’ level of shelters are not just about structures – a lot political commitment. of things need to be considered both before, ★ Early recovery is about transition which during and after a disaster happens starts immediately after the onset of the KEY ACTIVITIES disaster and priorities are to produce a. Identification of standard-based relief immediate results for vulnerable shelters and site populations and to promote opportunities b. Provision of tents and other temporary for recovery, a response that evolves over shelter facilities time into longer term recovery. c. Development and implementation of a set KEY ACTIVITIES of minimum standards on temporary a. Conduct of post-DANA- Damage shelters Assessment and Needs Analysis (DANA) d. Establishment of child-friendly spaces and b. Develop and implement a system for early other learning areas in the evacuation recovery, to include specific activities centers addressing the needs identified e. Provision of spaces for people’s livestock, c. Develop partnership mechanisms with poultry and pets in the ECs utility providers and key stakeholders f. Conduct of livelihood-oriented activities d. Design and implement temporary for internally displaced persons livelihood and/or income generating 6. Basic social services provided to affected activities (i.e., cash/ food for work; micro population whether inside or outside emergency and small enterprise recovery) communication system (ECS) REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY ★ After a calamity, there is always a possibility that critical lifelines (e.g. water system) will get paralyzed. People living in UNDER SECTION 3 OF REPUBLIC ACT 10121, evacuation centers may also have no access REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY ARE DEFINED AS to proper nutrition. Ultimately, these comprise the overall wellness of affected REHABILITATION people. There is a need to ensure that the ➔ Measures that ensure the ability of affecting health status of affected communities is communities and/or areas to restore their normal maintained. level of functioning by rebuilding livelihood and KEY ACTIVITIES damaged infrastructure and increasing the a. Conduct a medical consultation and communities’ organizational capacity nutritional assessment IRR RULE 2 SECTION 1 b. Assessment of water quality and conduct of POST DISASTER RECOVERY quick damage repairs and road clearing operations ➔ The restoration and improvement where c. Determination of existing and available appropriate, of facilities, livelihood and living hospital services conditions of disaster-affected communities, d. Immediate restoration of lifelines including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors, in 7. Psychosocial needs of affected population accordance with the principles of “build back addressed better” ★ After a disaster, some of the victims may The Rehabilitation and Recovery aspect of DRRM covers need professional help to normalize their areas like employment and livelihoods, infrastructure feelings, overcome trauma and find ways to and lifeline facilities, housing and resettlement, among cope with their ongoing stress. others. These are recovery efforts done when people are ★ Mental Health and Psychosocial Services already outside of the evacuation centers. (MPHSS) must therefore be provided in order to address the psychosocial needs of the affected population. Aside from ensuring the physical and mental wellness REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY OBJECTIVES of disaster victims, it is equally important to preserve the dignity of evacuees, ➔ LONG TERM GOAL: Restore and improve facilities, especially the elderly, persons with livelihood and living conditions and organizational disabilities, women and children. Gender capacities of affected communities, and reduced roles and rights should always be ensured disaster risks in accordance with the “building back KEY ACTIVITIES better” principle a. Ensure coordination among heads of MPHSS #FUTURERN | PNLE 2025 10 DISASTER NURSING NCMO 410 | SEMESTER 2 - MIDTERM | #RN2025 KEY ACTIVITIES ➔ OBJECTIVES: a. Undertake the necessary rehabilitation or a. To restore people’s means of livelihood and repair of damaged infrastructure continuity of economic activities and b. Implement the building code and promote business green technology b. To restore shelter and other c. Conduct monitoring and/or tracking of buildings/installation approval of infrastructure projects and c. To reconstruct infrastructure and other permits 5. An psychologically sound, safe and secured public utilities citizenry that is protected from the effects of d. To assist in the physical and psychological disasters are able to restore to normal functioning rehabilitation of persons who suffered from after each disaster effects of disaster ★ Disasters are devastating and usually leave a trail of human agonies including loss of NDRRMP OUTCOMES human life, livestock, property, and 1. Damages, Losses and Needs Assessed livelihood loss, physical injuries and ★ An assessment or accounting of damages, damages to development works. Along with losses and needs will be the basis for relief, rehabilitation and care of physical identifying programs, projects and health and injuries, psychosocial and activities for disaster affected areas mental health issues are also important and KEY ACTIVITIES they need to be addressed. Emergencies a. Conduct POST DISASTER NEEDS also create a wide range of problems experienced at the individual, family, ASSESSMENT (PDNA) one month after the community and societal levels. occurrence of a disaster, with the OCD KEY ACTIVITIES taking the lead and using as basis the a. Develop systems for appropriate risk preliminary data gathered from the field by protection measures OCD regional offices b. Conduct of post-disaster/conflict needs b. Coordinate the formulation of the strategic analyses with affected communities action plan for disaster affected areas c. Develop systems of support and 2. Economic activities restored and if communication among key stakeholders possible,strengthened or expanded d. Build capacities of psychosocial care ★ The ability of people affected by disasters to providers bounce back easily lie heavily on the restoration of their sources of income and livelihood opportunities. By identifying what the existing situation is, the government can respond with the appropriate programs that will enable the people to build back better after the disaster KEY ACTIVITIES a. Identify the needed assistance and formulate and implement appropriate programs b. Identify and mobilize funding sources 3. DRRM and CCA elements are mainstreamed in human settlement ★ This is about the development of disaster-resilient housing designs and introduction of improved and modernized building systems and programs. It also includes, among others, the identification of secure relocation sites for people displaced by natural and human-induced disaster of those living in hazardous areas. KEY ACTIVITIES a. Design and construct disaster resilient housing b. Identify and provide suitable relocation sites for affected population c. Conduct trainings for social preparation of host communities and those who will be relocated to reduce conflict 4. Disaster and climate change resilient infrastructure constructed or reconstructed ★ Long term recovery ensures that the rehabilitation or reconstruction of infrastructure is disaster and climate proof #FUTURERN | PNLE 2025 11