NCC Map Reading Notes PDF

Day-1 MAP READING:- It is a proportionate graphical representation of the surface of the earth on a plain surface. TYPES OF MAPS:- 1. Relief Map 2. Geographical Map 3. Political Map 4. Historical Map 5. Statistical Map 6. Economical Map 7. Military Map LIMITATIONS OF MAP:-...

Day-1 MAP READING:- It is a proportionate graphical representation of the surface of the earth on a plain surface. TYPES OF MAPS:- 1. Relief Map 2. Geographical Map 3. Political Map 4. Historical Map 5. Statistical Map 6. Economical Map 7. Military Map LIMITATIONS OF MAP:- 1. It is only a sketch , not a photograph, and as such can not depict everything on the earth's surface. 2. As it is drafted on paper, hence, giving all the details of earth on it , is impossible. STRUCTURE OF A MAP:- Generally it is divided into three parts. 1.The northern margin 2.The southern margin 3.Internal margin CONVENTIONAL SIGNS:- Conventional signs are symbols used to represent certain artificial or natural features/objects on the map. MILITARY SYMBOLS:- WEAPON SIGNS:- SCALE:- PROPORTION OF D ON MAP AND D ACTUAL The proportion of distance between two places on the map and the actual distance between those places on the surface of the earth is called Scale. Scale can be represented by three ways: 1. By Stating in Words 2. By Representation Fraction 3. By Graphic Lines Representation Fraction = Distance on the map /Actual distance The common scales used in Survey of india maps are: 1 Mile = 1760 yard 1 Yard = 3 feet = 0.9144 m 1yard(3 feet (12inch))) 1 Inch = 2.54 cm 1 Feet = 12 inch 1mile(1760yard(0.91mtr)) TECHNICAL TERMS :- BEARING:- The angle formed by a line joining two points and the North and South Line. BENCH MARK:- A permanent mark usually cut into a wall recording exact height for future reference, marked BM with the height on ordnance Survey Maps. GRADIENT:-The slope of a hill expressed as a fraction. CONTOURS:- A line drawn on the map joining up all points of equal height above sea level. GRID LINES:- Lines running parallel to and at right angles to a North and South Line through approximately the centre of area covered by the grid system. SLOPE:- The natural rise and fall between two permanent places on the surface of earth is called slope. Types of slope Regular slope Irregular slope Types of Regular slope:- Uniform gentle slope Uniform steep slope Types of Irregular slope:- Concave slope Convex slope TOPOGRAPHY:- The study of arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area is called topology. Plateau: The even surface over the mountain.  ridges -a geographical feature consisting of a chain of mountains or col saddle hills that form a continuous elevated crest for some distance. Knoll: An isolated hill adjacent to the series of hill with less height and area. Spur: The protruding mountainous part of a plain. swell Col and Saddle: the land of even surface between the peaks of a hill is Col and depth of the land is quite less than the peaks is called saddle. Cliff:- An erect mountainous elevation is called a Cliff. Gorge:- The very narrow hills which have excessive depth and almost straight slopes. Escarpment:- The excessive steep slope of a hill. Crest:- The peak of a hill or mountain range. Basin:-An area of fairly level ground surrounded by hills or the area drained by a river and its distributaries. Ridges:-The line along a hill or range of hills or mountains from which water flows in opposite directions, a divide, sometimes and the crest of a line of hills as it appears along the horizon. Watershed:- The line separating the water flowing into two different river systems, the edge of a river basin. CARDINAL POINTS:- East, West, North and South are known as Cardinal points while North-East, North-West, South-East and South-West are called Cardinal points. Various types of North are: BEARING:- The clockwise angle formed by a straight line joining two points and direction of North is called the bearing between the two points. Grid bearing: Measured on the map from the grid North by the help of a protractor. Magnetic Bearing: Measured from Magnetic North by the compass. True Bearing: Calculated by finding out the relation of true North and grid or Magnetic North. PRISMATIC COMPASS:-  There are 2 types of prismatic compass: DRY and LIQUID. Name of compass which is commonly used: Alpha Mark IV Parts name: Lid, Window, Hairline, Hinge, Direction marl, Prism, Thumb ring, Dial, etc Ways through which we can find North: Sun Star (Pole star) Compass Idgah and mosque GPS  Day-2 Service protractor :- There are three types of service protractor: 1. Rectangular(most commonly used) 2. Circular 3. Semi-circular Rectangular Service protractor: Name:- A mark IV Material:- Ivory Dimensions:- 2 x 6 inches Setting of Map :- 1. Select the map of the correct sheet number. 2. Place the map on a flat surface. 3. Put the compass on the map and match the hairline of the compass with the map's longitude. 4. Rotate the map sheet in clockwise direction until map’s North, compass hairline and Compass needle align in the same direction. FINDING OWN POSITION ON MAP :- On a map own position may be found by: 1. Inspection Method 2. Compass 3. Continuous Map Reading By Compass: 1. Mark 2 features which are common on both map and ground. 2. Take the bearings on these features by compass. 3. Find out the back bearing of it. 4. Now draw lines on the map with the help of a service protractor. 5. The intersection point is your own position. MAP TO GROUND :- The methods used to identify objects from map to ground are: 1. Bearing and Distance Method 2. Direction and Distance Method 3. By Estimation Method By Bearing and Distance Method: 1. Find out the distance of the object to be identified on ground ( Distance on ground is equal to distance on the map divided by representation fraction) 2. Find bearing of object using service protractor. 3. Now on the ground, take the compass and look for the object on given bearing and given distance. GROUND TO MAP :- The method of identifying objects from ground to map is: 1. Intersection Method: {similar to finding own position on map by compass method} 2. By Compass Bearing By Compass: Take the forward bearing from a known object. By Back Bearing: In war, in case we intercept the enemy's transmission, with the help of the fall of the shot we can find out the location by working out the back bearing. NAVIGATION PARTY The group of soldiers or party that march at night is called the navigation party. The composition of navigation party: 1. Guide: He carries a luminous stick and a compass set to a given bearing 2. Assistant Guide: He has a white piece of cloth at his back for identification and a stick to measure depth of nala/pits. 3. Recorder: He carries additional compass already set on a given bearing. night march chart and stone pebbles. He measures the distance. 4. Scouts: Number of scouts could be from 2 to 4 depending upon the route and tasks.  Field Craft & Battle Craft Field Craft :- Field Craft is an art of making the best use of the available ground. While applying field craft soldiers can attack the enemies in a smarter way. Essential Parts of Field Craft :- 1. Judging distances 2. Covers 3. Camouflage and Concealment 4. Indication and recognition of targets 5. Fire and movement 6. Field signals JUDGING DISTANCES :- There are 6 methods: 1. Unit of Measurement Method: (ikai ka tarika) In this method, we take any of the simple and convenient unit (say 100 yards) and determine the distance between the target and the shooter in multiples of 100 yards. 2. Appearance Method: (dikhai ka tarika) Same object may appear differently at different distances. A human being may appear: Eg- if full human picture is visible with all parts then he is 200 yards far(approx) and if face turns diminished then he is 300 yards far(approx) 3. Bracketing: In this method, we take the maximum and minimum estimation of distance and then take its average. Eg- if we judge the distance of a tree in between a range of 50 to 60 m then its approx dist is (50+60)/2 = 55m. 4. Section Average Method: In this method, distance is judged by each soldier. These distances are summed up and then divided by the total number of soldiers to get the average. Eg- among 10 soldiers, if 4 soldiers judge the distance as 90m, 4 judge as 110m and 2 judge as 100m then the distance is equal (90+90+90+90+110+110+110+110+100+100)/10 =100m.  ikai - unit key- any multiple key - any distance halving - half 5. Key Range Method: In this method, anything whose distance is known, is taken for help, to determine the distance, like-milestones, telephone poles, etc. Eg- Eg- if distance between two poles is 50m and there are 9 poles between target and shooter then distance between them is 50*8=400m. 6. Halving Method: In this method, the "half" distance of an object is guessed and then it is made "double" to find the desired distance. Eg- if we have to judge distance of a temple and there is flag in midway and the distance of flag can be guessed easily, let's take 200m, then distance of temple is 200*2=400m. DAY-3 Cover There are two types of cover: 1. Cover from view 2. Cover from fire Camouflage: Hiding from enemy using ARTIFICIAL things. Concealment: Hiding from enemy using NATURAL things. Ways through someone can appear: (5s,t,m) Shape Shadow Shine surface , shape,silhouette,shine,spacing ,shadow ,movement,texture Spacing Texture Silhouette Movement Types of target: Simple Difficult Types of ground: 4 Irregular / broken ground High ground Open ground Dead ground Ground is divided into 3 parts: Foreground (upto 200m) Middle ground(200-600m) Farground (beyond 600m) Overestimating of target: up to down When we look downwards from up Surrounding things are large and object is small Underestimating of target: down to up When we look upwards from down Surrounding things are small and object is large Judging angle by hand: Maximum= 19 degree Minimum= 2 degree Fire and Movement: Fire unit- usually a section firing under command of commander. Fire unit Commander- He commands the fire unit Fire Control- its object is to enable commander of FU to direct fire of his unit to enemy. Fire Order- Plan order, Fire directional order, Fire control order Arc of Fire- the area in which fire unit will engage the enemy. Sequence of fire order: G- grouping R- range I-Indication of target T- type of fire (single, burst, rapid) Types of Fire Control Order: 4 Opportunity FO- in this enemy is hidden, FUC is not able to locate them.  Preparatory FO- activities of enemy are observed, then its commanded. Brief FO- when enemy runs motion of enemy Full FO- when enemy approaches in our range. Movements: With arms (5 types) Without arms (7 types) Field Signals: Signal can be given through 3 ways By hand By weapon By whistle BATTLE CRAFT Section Formation: It has 6 types- 1. Single file 2. File formation 3. Diamond formation 4. Arrow head formation 5. Spear head formation 6. Extended line formation Order in single file: 1. Rifleman 1/ Scout 2. Rifleman 2/ Scout 3. Section Commander 4. Rifleman 3/ Bomber 5. Rifleman 4 6. Rocket launcher 1 7. Rocket launcher 2 8. Section 2 i/c 9. LMG 1 10. LMG 1 1 to 5 = Assault group 2 6 to 10= Support group Q) when we pas through river or road, which formation is used? Ans) File Formation Q) Best formation? Ans) Diamond formation Platoon formation: there are 3 types- 1 up, 2 down 2 up, 1 down 3 up Battle Drill: In this drill, a soldier is intimated about the nature of work he has to handle. It is divided into 4 sections- Recce group Order group Fighting group Transport group Principle of fire: Target covering fire on enemy’s head Time slot between the termination of covering fire and attack should be very very less. 1 bullet= 1 enemy Sentry: A soldier to keep guard and to control access to place. Patrolling: It is to keep watch over an area by regular walking or travelling around it. It is of 2 types = Recce and Protective Ambush: It is surprise attack from concealed position upon an suspecting movement or temporary halted enemy. It is of 2 types- Opportunity- without detailed planning Deliberate- with detailed planning Rank Structure: Commands of Indian army: Army organisation structure: Section- 10 soldiers Platoon- 3x section Company- 3x platoon Battalion- 4x company Brigade- 3x battalion Division- 3 to 4x brigade Corps- 3 to 4x division Operational commands Headquarters