Map Reading Slides - Students.pptx

Worksheet 1: World Map Fill in the continents and oceans as you watch the video The catchy tunes should help you to remember the continents and oceans better too. (Just remember not to sing it out loud during the exams!)  World Maps Watch the following videos and i...

Worksheet 1: World Map Fill in the continents and oceans as you watch the video The catchy tunes should help you to remember the continents and oceans better too. (Just remember not to sing it out loud during the exams!)  World Maps Watch the following videos and identify the world’s continents and oceans. Fill out the world map handout provided.  World Maps Watch the following videos and identify the world’s continents and oceans. Fill out the world map handout provided.  Tropic of Cancer (23.5⁰N) Equator (0⁰) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5⁰S) Map Reading Why are geographers fascinated with maps? Have you ever met with such problems..? How to go to the General office from the school’s side gate? How should I walk to my classroom from the canteen?? Oh no..I have lost my way? Who should I ask for directions…? Why do I need to learn map reading skills?  Uses of Maps Maps are valuable sources of information Maps can be used for planning and decision- making Maps are good records of landscape changes  Types of Maps digital maps (google map, apple map) ⮚geological maps (shows types of rocks) ⮚ street maps ⮚ rainfall maps ⮚ topographical maps ⮚ political maps A geological map shows the types of rocks in an area  Street map  Topographical map Political map How to read maps?  Map reading Scale For a large area to be represented on a piece of paper, it is necessary to scale down the actual size of the area Scale: Proportion by which a map has been reduced – Always remember to look at the scale of the map!!! A map with a larger scale shows more details (e.g. buildings, roads) A map with a smaller scale shows less  Large scale maps show A a smaller amount of area with a greater amount of detail. The geographic extent shown on a large scale map is small. B Which map has a larger scale?  Map reading Maps (locating physical features) Mountains and rivers are shown on maps Colours are used to mark out the physical features Colours may vary from map to map Map legend is used to identify and interpret the features correctly Shading is used to show the height of the land and depth of the sea What are the physical and human features shown on this map?  Map reading Maps (using latitudes and longitudes)  2. How do we gather data? Maps (using latitudes and longitudes) Latitude: Imaginery lines that run horizontally (Parallel) Measured in degrees, from 0° to 90° north and south. Latitude 0°: Equator, separates the earth into two equal parts (Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere) Connect points with the same latitude Increase in value north or south of the Equator  2. How do we gather data? Gathering secondary data Maps (using latitudes and longitudes) Latitudes  Tropic of Cancer (23.5⁰N) Equator (0⁰) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5⁰S)  2. How do we gather data? Gathering secondary data Maps (using latitudes and longitudes)  2. How do we gather data? Maps (using latitudes and longitudes) Longitude (meridians): Imaginery lines that run vertically Measured in degrees, from 0° to 180° east and west Longitude 0°: Prime Meridian (Greenwich Meridian), passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England Connect points with the same longitude Values increase accordingly from the Prime Meridian West East Longitudes  2. How do we gather data? Gathering secondary data Maps (using latitudes and longitudes) Latitude and Longitude WS Major latitudes and longitude North Pole 90oN Tropic of Cancer 23.5oN Equator 0o Tropic of Capricorn 23.5oS Prime Meridian South Pole 90oS Beyond Seven Continents.. Discovery of Zealandia in 2017 Vast continent about 6x the size of Madagascar 94% of it is underwater  Topographical maps (Notes pg 4) Maps (topographical maps) Shows the physical and human features of an area through the use of contour lines and symbols Useful when studying the details of a place as they provide information e.g. height of the land, location of rivers and vegetation, type of human activity Pg 4 Contour lines join places of the same height. They also show the height of the land Maps (using map symbols) Line symbol Linear features such as roads, railways, expressways, power lines and watercourses (e.g. rivers) Blue is usually used for water-related physical features while red is usually used for important roads Maps (using map symbols) Area symbol Features that occupy a wide area e.g. plantations, forests, lakes and built-up areas Green is usually used for vegetation Maps (using map symbols) Abbreviation Different types of buildings or features Maps (using map symbols) Height symbol Shows the height (elevation) of places  Contour lines (Notes pg 5) Maps (using contour lines to describe features) Show the height of the land Gradient of slope: When contour lines are close together – height of land changes a lot over a short distance (steep slope) When contour lines are widely spaced – height of land changes very little over a short distance (gentle slope) Contour lines are considere d to be rather close together 🡪 _______ gradient Contour lines are considere d to be rather close together 🡪 steep gradient Using four-figure grid reference (Notes pg 6) Maps (identifying locations using four-figure grid references) Vertical grid lines (eastings) and their values increase eastwards Horizontal grid lines (northings) and their values increase northwards Grid reference: Meeting point of easting and northing Four-figure grid reference: Used to identify the general location of a feature on a map State the four-figure grid reference of the post office (PO). X  Using compass directions Maps (using compass directions) Give accurate directions to places Four compass points (cardinal points): north (N), south (S), east (E) and west (W) Can be further divided into eight compass points  Using compass directions Maps (using compass directions) Some topographical maps may not show a north line or compass rose If so, assume that north is towards the top of the map Find the compass direction of the factory from the library.  Measuring straight line distances (worksheet p.8) Maps (measuring straight-line distances) All maps show things smaller than they are in real life and are drawn to scale for accuracy Scale: Ratio of the distance on a map and the actual distance on the ground - Affects the amount of details shown - Map with a smaller scale shows fewer details (1: 50,000) - Map with a larger scale shows more details (1: 50) - Used to find out the actual distance between two points on the ground Maps (measuring straight-line distances)  How to measure straight-line distances (worksheet p.9) Maps (measuring straight-line distances) Use a ruler to measure the distance between two features on a map Then, using a statement scale, multiply the measurement on the ruler with the actual distance that it represents Alternatively, a linear scale may be used (see next slide)