N3450 OB Exam 1 Study Guide PDF 2024

N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 1 Nurs 3450 Women’s Health Exam 1 Study Guide Summer 2024 Chapters covered: Modules covered: Number of questions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, & 8 1&2 Approximately 65 (the numbers in the chapter column are approximate – some questions fall into more than one area) Highlights to review...

N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 1 Nurs 3450 Women’s Health Exam 1 Study Guide Summer 2024 Chapters covered: Modules covered: Number of questions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, & 8 1&2 Approximately 65 (the numbers in the chapter column are approximate – some questions fall into more than one area) Highlights to review by chapter: Chapter Topics 1 (2) Review the following: Contemporary issues (1) attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death; (2) eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and wellbeing of all; (3) create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining full potential for health and well-being for all; (4) promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages; and (5) engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and wellbeing of all Standards of Practice o Safe Practice 2: Culture Measurement, Feedback, and Intervention Health care organizations must measure their culture, Figures/Tables Box 1.2 – pg. 4 Box 1.3 – pg. 4 Table 1.1 – pg. 5 Box 1.6 – pg. 6 EBP – pg. 10 Box 1.8 pg. 12 Additional Resources Review Context of Caring for Women, Infants, and Family Lesson AQ Ch. 1 ALG N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 2 provide feedback to leadership and staff, and undertake interventions that reduce patient safety risk. o Safe Practice 5: Informed Consent Ask each patient or legal surrogate to “teach back” in his or her own words key information about the proposed treatments or procedures for which he or she is being asked to provide informed consent. o Safe Practice 12: Patient Care Information Ensure that care information is transmitted and appropriately documented in a timely manner and in a clearly understandable form to patients and all of the patients’ health care providers/professionals, within and between care settings, who need that information to provide continued care. o Safe Practice 19: Hand Hygiene Comply with current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) hand hygiene guidelines. Health literacy o Definition & Importance: ▪ Health literacy encompasse s abilities from reading appointment slips to N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 3 interpreting medication instructions. ▪ Routinely o Challenges: assessing these skills is crucial to identify and support clients with limited literacy. ▪ Most educational materials are written at a higher reading level than the average adult's comprehensi on. ▪ E-health literacy has emerged as individuals use the internet for medical information, with most seeking professional opinions afterward. o Cultural Sensitivity: ▪ Due to a multicultural population, addressing N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 4 health literacy is essential for culturally and linguistically sensitive care. ▪ Vulnerable o Impact: groups include older adults, racial/ethnic minorities, and lowincome individuals. ▪ Lower health literacy is linked to poorer health outcomes. o Role of Health Care Providers: ▪ Use simple, common words and avoid jargon. ▪ Ensure clients understand the information by speaking slowly, clearly, and focusing on key points to enhance comprehensi on. Trends in fertility & birth rate N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide o Fertility trends and birth rates reflect women’s needs for health care. From 2019 to 2020 fertility rates and birth rates decreased among women ages 20 to 44. Birth rates for teens 15 to 19 years of age declined by 8% from 2019 to 2020; this represented a record low.The cesarean birth rate was 33.8% in 2020, a slight increase from 2019 SBAR technique o Situation: states what is currently happening with the patient. It usually begins with the identity of the person communicating the SBAR, patient identifiers such as age and gender, and a brief statement of the current problem or situation. o Background: covers clinical background such as patient history related to the current situation, signs and symptoms of the presenting complaint, and any test results, such as lab or imaging reports. o Assessment: reports what the person communicating the SBAR thinks the problem is. It states what the nurse or other provider has assessed based on the background information, patient history, and observations. Assessment asks what else it can be, provides sense making, considers sources of other information to provide clarity, and relates actions to consequences. Assessment can also include objective data such as vital signs. 5 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 6 o Recommendation: states an initial recommendation, what is needed and when 2 (8) Family structure & organization – know configurations o Nuclear: husband, wife, and their children (either biologic or adopted) live as an independent unit, sharing roles, responsibilities, and economic resources o Extended: grandparents, aunts, uncles, or other people related by blood o Multi-generational: consisting of three or more generations of relatives (grandparents, children, and grandchildren) o Marriage-blended: formed as a result of divorce and remarriage, consist of unrelated family members (stepparents, stepchildren, and stepsiblings) o Single-parent: unmarried biologic or adoptive parent who may or may not be living with other adults o Alternative: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) families (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual, or allied [LGBTQIA]) may live together with or without children. Family & culture o Cultural factors o Definition & Influence: ▪ Culture influences Care plan - pg. 18 Figure 2.3 – pg. 20 Box 2.2 – pg. 23 Box 2.3 – pg. 23 Review Lesson: Women, Infants, and Families in the Community AQ Ch. 2 ALG N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 7 behavior and interactions, shaped by factors like religion, customs, environment, and history. ▪ It is dynamic and affects individuals from birth to death. o Cultural Knowledge: ▪ Includes beliefs and values about life aspects, passed through generations. ▪ Influences food, language, religion, art, health practices, and more. o Health Impact: ▪ Culture affects health behaviors, perceptions of illness, healthcareseeking behavior, and response to treatment. o Healthcare Implications: ▪ Understandin g cultural N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 8 influences is crucial for effective healthcare and intervention strategies. ▪ Professionals should avoid stereotyping and understand common cultural practices. o Subcultures: ▪ Exist within larger cultures, such as ethnic groups. ▪ Important to recognize diversity within subcultures. o Acculturation: ▪ Involves changes when different cultures interact. ▪ People may retain their culture while adopting practices of the dominant society. o Family Dynamics: N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 9 ▪ During transitions or crises, families often revert to familiar cultural practices. o Assimilation: ▪ Occurs when a cultural group loses its identity to the dominant culture. ▪ The U.S. is more of a cultural mosaic than a melting pot, appreciating differences among people. o Implications ▪ Standard 8 practice “in a manner that is congruent with cultural diversity and inclusion principles” ▪ Nurses must be sensitive to cultural diversity and understand their own beliefs to better appreciate their N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 10 clients' perspectives. ▪ Ethnocentris m: Belief that one's own way is best, often based on the dominant biomedical model in the U.S. ▪ Cultural Relativism: Understanding and applying another culture's standards, recognizing different cultural logics and valuing cultural uniqueness. o Cultural competence ▪ Recognizing that disparity exists between one’s own culture and that of the client. ▪ Educating and promoting healthy behaviors in a cultural context that has meaning for clients ▪ Taking abstract knowledge N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 11 about other cultures and applying it in a practical way so that the quality of service improves and policies are enacted that meet the needs of all clients ▪ Communicatin g respect for a wide range of differences, including client use of nontraditional healing practices and alternative therapies ▪ Recognizing the importance of culturally different communicatio n styles, problemsolving techniques, concepts of space and time, and desires to be involved with care decisions ▪ Anticipating the need to address varying degrees of language N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 12 ability and literacy as well as barriers to care and compliance with treatment Vulnerable populations – who are they? What are special needs? o o o o o o o o N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 3 (5) Genetics:the study of a particular gene. genomics:· study of all the genes in the entire genome. Nursing expertise in genetics:· They are front line position. Holistic family centered care. Nurses are typically are the first person the patients turn to for questions about genetic risk and susceptibility, guidance regarding complexities of genetic testing and interpretation. Human Genome Project:· ultimate goal of the project was to map the human genome (the complete set of genetic instructions in the nucleus of each human cell). All humans are 99.9% identical at the DNA level. Genetic testing: · genetic tests can be used to directly examine the DNA and RNA that make up a gene, markers that are coinherited with a gene that causes a genetic condition, the protein products of genes, or chromosomes. Most common types of genetic testing (preimplantation, prenatal, newborn, carrier, diagnostic, predictive, presymptomatic, and forensic). ELSI: Ethical, legal, and social implications. Created to identify, analyze, and address the ELSIs of human genome research. Chromosomal abnormalities – general information about definitions o Errors occur during mitosis (cell division occurring in somatic 13 Care plan – pg. 37 Review Lesson: Overview of Genetics & Genetic Diseases Review Lesson: Genetic Screening AQ Ch. 3 ALG N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 14 cells that results in two identical daughter cells containing a diploid number of chromosomes) or meiosis (division of a sex cell into two and four haploid cells). Errors occur in either the autosomes or the sex chromosomes.           o 4 (10) Female reproductive system what are the structures and what their functions o o o o Figure 4.1 - pg. 48 Figure 4.2 – pg. 49 Figure 4.3 – pg. 49 Figure 4.7 – pg. 54 Cultural considerations – pg. 65 Review Lesson: The Female Reproductive System Review Lesson: Menstruation & Menopause AQ Ch. 4 ALG N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 15 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide o o o o o o o o o o o Menstruation o Menarche: The first menstruation, typically occurs around 13 years of age in North America. o Puberty: The entire transitional stage between childhood and sexual maturity, starting around ages 8-11 with increased gonadotropin and estrogen secretion. o Menstrual cycle 16 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide ▪ A cyclic process controlled by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries, preparing the uterus for pregnancy. The average cycle length is 28 days, with menstruation occurring approximately 14 days after ovulation. Day 1 of the cycle is the first day of menstrual bleeding. Average menstrual flow lasts 5 days (range 3-6 days) with an average blood loss of 50 mL (range 2080 mL). ▪ know what happens in the different phases/cycles o o o o o o o o o ▪ know the function of 17 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide hormones: o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Barriers for entering the healthcare system – review    18 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 19                  6 (15 total) Amenorrhea Signs/Symptoms (S/S):  Absence of menstruation for at least three months in women with previously normal periods.  In primary amenorrhea, menstruation has not begun by age 16. Interventions:  Thorough medical evaluation to determine underlying cause (e.g., hormonal imbalance, stress, excessive exercise, eating disorders).  Treatment of underlying conditions (e.g., thyroid disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome). Education:  Importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle with balanced nutrition and regular exercise.  Stress management Endometriosis Care Plan pg. 107 Box 6.1 pg. 109 Teaching for SelfManagement pg. 116 Review lesson on reproductive system concerns AQ Ch. 6 ALG N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide techniques.  Potential implications for fertility and when to seek medical advice. Dysmenorrhea Signs/Symptoms (S/S):  Sharp, cramping, or dull aching pain in the lower abdomen.  Pain may radiate to the lower back or upper thighs.  Accompanied by systemic symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and headaches. Interventions:  NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen to reduce pain and inflammation.  Application of heat to the lower abdomen.  Regular physical exercise and relaxation techniques.  Hormonal contraceptives to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce symptoms. Education:  Correct use of NSAIDs and potential side effects.  Benefits of heat application and exercise.  Lifestyle changes like reducing salt and sugar intake before menstruation. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) & Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) Signs/Symptoms (S/S):  PMS: Bloating, breast tenderness, headache, fatigue, mood swings, irritability.  PMDD: Severe mood swings, irritability, depression, anxiety, marked anger, and physical symptoms similar to PMS but more severe. 20 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide Interventions:  Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, healthy diet, and avoidance of caffeine and alcohol.  Nutritional supplements like calcium, vitamin B6, and magnesium.  Medications: SSRIs for severe symptoms, hormonal treatments like oral contraceptives. Education:  Tracking symptoms to identify triggers and effective interventions.  Importance of a balanced diet and regular physical activity.  When to seek medical advice for medication management. Endometriosis Signs/Symptoms (S/S):  Pelvic pain, often severe, especially during menstruation.  Pain during intercourse, bowel movements, or urination.  Heavy menstrual periods or bleeding between periods. Interventions:  NSAIDs for pain management.  Hormonal therapies to reduce or eliminate menstruation (e.g., GnRH agonists, oral contraceptives).  Surgical options to remove endometrial tissue or hysterectomy in severe cases. Education:  Chronic nature of the condition and the need for ongoing management.  Potential fertility issues and options for family planning. 21 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide Support groups and counseling for emotional support. Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding) Signs/Symptoms (S/S):  Menstrual bleeding lasting more than 7 days.  Heavy menstrual flow requiring frequent changing of sanitary products. Interventions:  NSAIDs to reduce bleeding and pain.  Hormonal treatments like oral contraceptives or IUDs to regulate periods.  Tranexamic acid to reduce blood loss. Education:  Monitoring menstrual flow and seeking medical advice if excessive.  Correct use of medications and their side effects.  Importance of managing anemia with iron supplements if necessary. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) Signs/Symptoms (S/S):  Irregular bleeding that is not related to the normal menstrual cycle.  Bleeding between periods or excessively heavy menstrual flow. Interventions:  Hormonal treatments to regulate menstrual cycles.  NSAIDs to reduce bleeding and pain.  Treatment of underlying conditions like polyps or fibroids, which may include surgical intervention.  22 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 23 Education:  Importance of keeping a menstrual diary to track bleeding patterns.  When to seek medical advice for irregular or heavy bleeding.  Understanding potential underlying causes and treatments available. Menopause (7) o Physical changes o Mood & behavioral changes o Health risks: ▪ Osteoporosis 7 (9 total) o Hormone therapy o Education o Meds for osteoporosis STIs (9)                     Box 7.1 pg. 122 Box 7.2 pg. 122 Table 7.1 Pg. 123 Teaching for selfmanagement p. 138 Table 7.6 pg. 140 Care plan pg. 141 Teaching for selfmanagement p. 141 Key points pg. 142 ALG AQ ch. 7 Sherpath lesson on STIs (not one of the required lessons, but great to review). N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide                         Viral STIs - know s/s of all & general treatments        24 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide             Vaginal infxs - know s/s of all & general treatments            25 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide                       26 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide                   27 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide 28   8 (13 questions total)                            Box 8.1 pg. 145 Legal tip pg. 145 Care plan pt. 147 Teaching pg. 148 Contraindications to COC pg. 154 Complications of COC pg. 157 Complications IUDs pg. 160 Teaching pg. 161 Legal tip pg. 161 Sherpath lesson on contraception ALG AQ ch. 8 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide                                29 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide    Hormonal methods                                  30 N3450 Exam 1 Study Guide             o 31