Music 9 Q1 Western Music.pdf

Within the first quarter, the learners are expected to: 1. demonstrate understanding of characteristic features of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods of music; and 2. perform selected songs from the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods.  “Music washes away from the soul the...

Within the first quarter, the learners are expected to: 1. demonstrate understanding of characteristic features of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods of music; and 2. perform selected songs from the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods.  “Music washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life.”  Do not talk when you are not asked to. Raise your hand if you have questions. Ask permission if you are going to the comfort room. Do not use your phones unless given permission. Always be attentive. 600 to 1400 1600 to 1750 century century 1400 to 1600 Medieval Baroque century Period Period Renaissance Period What is the Neo-Latin word of Medieval? Medium Aevum What event started the medieval period? It started in 476 century, after the Western Roman Empire fell. Odoacer, a German King, deposed (remove from office) the last of the Roman emperors to rule in Eternal City, Rome. With the end of the Roman Ages, Europe entered a period know as middle ages. Who influenced Europe’s culture and political affairs during this time? Catholic church influenced politics, and the kings and lords followed the church’s advice. Most of them are Christians under the Roman Catholic Church. The Gregorian Chant emerge in this period. What is Gregorian Chant? Having said that the Christian Church had the great influenced in medieval time, Gregorian Chant was the official sacred music during that period. It was Pope Gregory I who had the credits in inventing the Gregorian Chant. Usually Monophonic performed Texture without Limited Range instrumental accompaniment Sung in Latin or a capella  The mass is divided into two main parts: PROPER - during special occasions/ feast days - it includes the 6 sections that use music introit opening of the liturgical celebration gradual (after the gospel/ 1st reading) alleluia (before gospel reading) tract (during Lent or Requiem instead of alleluia) offertory (offering) communion (holy eucharist) The mass is divided into two main parts: ORDINARY - it contains the constant portions of the mass (Sunday/regular mass) Sections in the Ordinary Mass Kyrie (Lord, have mercy on us) Gloria (Glory) Credo ( Creed) Sanctus (Holy) Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) a eucharist service for the dead -also called Missa pro defunctis -sections from the Ordinary Kyrie Sanctus Agnus Dei -sections from the Proper introit offertory communion written in more topics or monophonic themes texture with only native languages one melodic line notation like the free-flowing chants rhythm  Medieval secular They were educated songs are written by and cultured men from poet-musicians called the nobility class TROUBADOURS and residing in the feudal TROUVERES courts Planh - is a lament on the death of a distinguished person Chanson de toile - is a spinning song Pastourelle - is a song in dialogue form between the knight and shepherdess Chanson de geste - is a narrative poetry with extraordinary characters Canso - is a poem of love Tenso - is a poem in the form of a dialogue Sirventes & Enueg - are poems that use sarcasm in exposing follies Aube - is a song about a friend watching over lovers  also known as “Adam the Hunchback”, “Adam of Arras” or “Adam Le Bossu” born in France in 1237 a trouvere, poet and musician one of the oldest secular composers whose works include chansons and poetic debate A prominent composer and poet, known for his secular and sacred compositions. FAMOUS WORKS: Le Jeu de Robin et Marion Le Jeu de la Feuillee La Chanson du roi de Sicile The songs of French poet- musicians are the standards Minnelied - literature of followed by the poet- poetry and song composers in Germany. Main Minnesingers were: Minnesang - a tradition of Wislav von Rugen lyric and songwriting Heinrich von Morungen Neidhart von Reuental Minnesingers means singers of love songs Meistersingers or master Meistersingers were singers - successors to the Adam Puschmann minnesingers Konrad Nachtigall Hans Sachs Meistergesang - music created by Meistersingers Conductus - Latin Topics: secular songs drinking created by love wandering/travelling political satire students of the vulgar topics medieval period  Declared as masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible The Song of the Heritage of Humanity by Sibyl UNESCO in November 2010 three-part compositions homophonic texture solo songs w/ instrumental a lot of intervals accompaniment of thirds compositions for predominance of four voices imitation balanced voice pairing or polyphony duet style A German theologian began a transformation in 1517 that was to separate the Christian church into two main divisions: Catholicism and Protestantism. - His great impact on music included promoting chorales and congregational singing. Churchgoers should participate in the conduct of worship and not just observe all the activities inside the church The use of the Latin language should be limited in the church since only a few well-educated people could understand it. Melodies of the church songs should be easy to sing, and the texts should be in the people’s vernacular, so they can quickly understand and learn songs.  A Protestant Reformation led to the creation of simpler music forms in contrast to the elaborate polyphony of the Catholic Church. This type of song was introduced to promote simplicity in worship. Lutheran Chorale – introduced by Martin Luther, is the song to be sung by the church congregation. Its texts were adapted from religious poetry. It was performed a capella and in unison, but there were also four-voice part arrangements (SATB) A French theologian, a bolder reformer proposed more demanding reforms to church music than what Martin Luther had done. greatly influenced the development of simpler forms of worship music. “Psalm Tunes” He wanted to totally eliminate the use of the Latin language in the church service. He demanded strongly that the psalms are the only appropriate music for worship. The psalms, from biblical verses, should be sung a capella or unaccompanied. Its text should be based on the native language in a particular locality. Renaissance viols Lute Vihuela  Recorder Trumpet Shawn Krummhorn Trombone Cornet  Harpsichord Portative Organ Positive Organ Clavichord One of the most important Renaissance composer. He took his name from his birthplace, Palestrina, a small town near Rome. His entire professional career, from his days as choirboy at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore to his appointment as music director of the Julian Chapel in St. Peter’s, was spent in Rome in the service of the church. He was hailed as the “Prince of Music” His works include 105 masses, 68 offertories, at least 140 madrigals and etc. His famous Mass is Missa Papae Marcelli (Pope Marcellus Mass), which was dedicated to Pope Marcellus II. Cantata –A vocal composition with instrumental accompaniment that can be sacred or secular, typical of Baroque music. Oratorio –A type of vocal music composition used in the Baroque period, particularly in churches, that includes soloists, choirs, and instruments.  Operas are like plays Performed on a stage They include costumes, acting, props, scenery and lighting Libretto – text of an opera Coloratura Soprano – is a type of operatic soprano voice that has the Lyric Soprano – is a type of operatic highest voice of all sopranos. It is also the soprano voice that has a warm quality lightest and most flexible sound in opera and bright. (middle) Dramatic Soprano – is a type of operatic soprano voice with powerful and rich voice. It is the darkest and most powerful voice. Lyric Soprano – is a type of operatic Lyric Tenor – is moderately light male Basso Buffo – is a low male voice voice Dramatic Tenor – is rather high and Basso Profundo – is a very low and powerful male voice powerful male voice  Born on March 21, 1685 Einsenach, Germany Came from the family of musicians  Johann Ambrosius Bach (father), taught him how to play harpsichord and violin  Johann Christoph Bach (brother), taught him how to play the clavichord He studied at St. Michael’s School in Luneburg He held some positions after he graduated: He served as the court conductor for Leopold, the Prince of Anhalt-Kothen He became the director of the Leipzig Collegium Musicum, a student organization in Germany that provided weekly concerts at a coffeehouse He served as the musical director of Thomasschule in Leipzig He served as the composer in the Royal Court for August III Famous compositions: Brandenburg Concertos Mass in B Minor Well-Tempered Clavier Sleepers, Wake Suites Before Thy Throne, My God, I Stand Passions Toccata in D Minor  Born in London September 10, 1659 Hailed as the greatest English composer of all time. Came from family of musicians At the age of 9 he started to compose At the age of 10, he started as a choirboy in the chapel and moved his way up as organist His compositions consisted of church music, secular music for choir, songs, vocal chamber music, and music for small groups of instruments. Some of his compositions include the following: - Lord, Who Can Tell, composed in 1678 - They That Go Down to the Sea in Ships - Sweeter Than Roses  Born on February 23, 1685 in Halle, Germany He was considered to be a brilliant composer of English oratorio and Italian Opera. Some of his compositions are the following: - 42 operas - 29 oratorios - 120 cantatas or more Famous compositions: The Messiah – famous oratorio he composed in 1741 The Hallelujah Chorus – most popular work in choral music