Music 3: Baroque Period (1600-1750) Learning Guide - PDF

PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Subject Code: MUSIC 3 History and...

PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Subject Code: MUSIC 3 History and Characteristics of Western Music Module Code: 3.0 Music of the Baroque Period (1600-1750) Lesson Code: 3.4 Composers and Their Compositions Time Limit: 30 minutes TA ATA Components Tasks (in (in mins) mins) Target At the end of the lesson 3.2 student will be able to: ⚫ trace the commonalities and differences of Baroque 1 Music vis-à-vis different world cultures: its functions, minute roles of musicians in society, and its performance practice Hook Now that you have a better idea of what baroque music is all about, watch the following video to give you an overview 5 minutes of our next lesson. Classic FM's Fast And Friendly Guide To The Baroque Era https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fiwdeiyRCYE Based on the video, answer the following questions: 1. ______________Who was the famous Italian violin maker? 2. ______________Who was the king who had 24 violins? 3. ______________Which was sung usually for the church? 4. ______________Who was credited to have begun the opera compositions? 5. ______________What was Purcell mostly known for? 6. ______________Who were the two greatest baroque composers born in 1685? 7. ______________Who composed 500 concertos? Ignite The Baroque Period (from 1600-1750) saw the conception of some of the world’s masterpieces ever heard. Opera was 17 minutes born and the concerto was significant in showing the talents of the soloists. From the 1600s up to its end, the Baroque music remained glorious, highly ornamented, and expressive in its emotions. This is all because of the great composers who were behind these masterpieces. COMPOSERS  Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) - He served at the court of Mantua for twenty-one years (first as a singer, then a violist, and finally as a music director). - He created Orfeo, the earliest operatic masterpiece, which is about Orpheus, the gifted musician of Greek mythology. - He was considered as the first composer of operatic masterpieces. MUSIC 3 Page 1 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM - As a music director (considered as the most important church position in Italy), he composed sacred music for the church as well as secular music for the royal courts. - He was known for emotional intensity (agitation, excitement, and passion) in his compositions. To further support the intensity of these emotions, he introduced musical effects like pizzicato and tremolo. Figure 1: Portrait of Claudio Monteverdi by Bernardo Strozzi Retrieved August 2020 from https://www.gramophone.co.uk Orfeo (Orpheus, 1670) - This opera tells of Orpheus, the son of the god Apollo, and his happy marriage with his wife, Eurydice. However, a poisonous snake killed his wife. Filled with grief, he went down to Hades with the hope of bringing her back. His musical ability permitted him to get Eurydice but with one condition: he must not look back at his wife until they got out of the underworld. Because he was anxious, Orpheus looked back and Eurydice vanished right before his eyes. Despite this emotional turmoil, there was a happy ending when Apollo brought Orpheus to heaven where he can gaze at Eurydice’s radiance from the sun and stars. - Based on this story, Monteverdi created an opera that began with a joyful tone, then abrupt grief, but still ended with a happy melody. Figure 2: Orpheus and Euridice by Jacopo Viglani Retrieved August 2020 from https://www.akg-images.com  Henry Purcell (about 1659-1695) - He was also known as the greatest of English composers. - His father was also a musician in the king’s court. - At the young age of 10, he became a choir member in the Chapel Royal in London. MUSIC 3 Page 2 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM - At the age of eighteen, he was already a composer of the king’s orchestra; he then became the organist of the Chapel Royal. - He wrote different kinds of music such as church music, secular choral music, music for instruments, songs, and stage music. - His opera Dido and Aeneas (1689) was said to be the finest opera were ever written in English text. - He died at the age of 36 and was buried under the organ of Westminster Abbey. Figure 3: Henry Purcell Retrieved August 2020 from https://www.gramophone.co.uk Dido and Aeneas (1689) - Purcell wrote this piece for students at a girls’ boarding school where the solo roles used dances since the school director was a dancer who wanted to showcase the students’ talents. - The opera is about Dido, queen of Carthage, and Aeneas, king of the Trojans. After the fall of Troy, Aeneas was on his journey to find new land for his new city. After reaching Carthage, he met Dido and fell in love with her. A sorceress and two witches took this chance to plot Dido’s downfall (it should be noted that during this time, people still believed in witches and black magic). A traitor misled Aeneas into believing that the gods wanted him to leave Carthage immediately. Though he agreed with the request, he is in extreme sorrow at the thought of leaving his beloved Dido. - In the last act of the opera, which was at the harbor, while Aeneas’ men sang and dance and the witches were in great joy, Dido sang with deep lamentation then took her own life. The opera ended with mourning.  Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) - Born in Venice, Italy, Vivaldi was a known figure of Italian baroque. - His father was also a musician, a violinist, at St. Mark’s Cathedral. - He was initially prepared to be a priest but halfway through his holy orders, his poor health made him leave the ministry. - His religious journey and his red hair made him known as the “red priest”. - He was a violin teacher, composer, and conductor of the music school of Pieta, the place for orphaned girls in Venice. - He was famous for being a virtuoso in the violin. MUSIC 3 Page 3 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM - His popularity decreased just before his death and in 1741, he died in poverty despite his fame. - His compositions featured vibrant themes in fast rhythms, while the slow melodies were perfect for an opera aria. - One of his famous compositions was the La Primavera (Spring) from The Four Seasons, four solo concertos for violin, string orchestra, and basso continuo. Figure 4: Antonio Vivaldi Retrieved from gramophone.co.uk/media La Primavera (Spring) from The Four Seasons (1725) - This part of Vivaldi’s concerto depicts birdsongs heard during the springtime (in the previous module, you have heard Winter and Summer of The Four Seasons). - This piece was a favorite of Louis XV, king of France. - Common in baroque music forms, Spring has three movements: 1. Fast, 2. Slow, and 3. Fast. - The opening part of the piece sounds like the arrival of spring. The sounds of the birds are imitated by high notes that is constantly repeated by the violin. - The second part presents the sound of the flowing water with the violin creating soft sounds for emphasis. - For the third part, string tremolos depict thunder and lightning. - All these different combinations of tune, rhythm, and texture reminds a memory of springtime.  Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) - Born in Eisenach, Germany, Bach started his career as a church organist, then as a court organist, and later as a concertmaster of the orchestra in Weimar. - Bach created famous compositions like Toccata and Fugue in D minor, Mass in B Minor, and the Brandenburg Concertos. - He was a religious man so, at the start of his compositions, he would write J.J (Jesu Juva which means Jesus help) and S.D.G (Soli Deo Gloria which means to God be the glory). - He was married twice and had 20 children (only 9 survived and 4 became composers like him). - He created masterpieces in different forms except for opera. - He was considered the greatest composer of Baroque music. MUSIC 3 Page 4 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM - In his late years, even though his eyesight weakened, he still composed, conducted, and taught music; he died in 1750 completely blind. Figure 5: Johann Sebastian Bach Retrieved August 2020 from https://www.biography.com Suite No. 3 in D Major (1729-1731) - Suites are dance-inspired movements, usually written for palace ballroom. - This was written in the same key but differs in tempo, meter, and also its character. - For each movement, some instruments were given the spotlight like some parts only have the strings instrument, while some have oboes, trumpets, timpani and, others to emphasize majestic sounds.  George Frederic Handel (1685-1759) - Born just a month before Bach, Handel became the Master of Italian opera and English oratorio. - Compared with other baroque composers, Handel did not come from a family of musicians. - His father wanted him to be a lawyer but because of his musical genius ability, he was allowed to study under the supervision of an organist and composer. - He was England’s important composer and also the favorite of Queen Anne. - After his stint as the director of the Royal Academy of Music, he built his own company; his company went bankrupt. - Same with Bach, he was still conducting and performing despite being almost blind. - His funeral was attended by 3,000 mourners; he was remembered as a wealthy but very generous man, as evidenced by his charitable deeds for the less fortunate ones. - Despite having an arrogant and stubborn attitude, it could not be denied that his talent cannot be equaled up to this day. MUSIC 3 Page 5 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Figure 6: George Frideric Handel Retrieved August 2020 from https://www.gramophone.co.uk Messiah (1741) - Messiah lasts for 2.5 hours and was composed by Handel in only 24 days. - He wrote this before his trip to Ireland. - The first performance of this was to benefit people in debtors’ prisons. - However, the London people did not appreciate this piece because of its religious texts used in a theatrical performance. - This piece was performed annually for the sake of a London orphanage, and only then was this piece noticed by the people. - Messiah is divided into three parts: Christ’s birth, His death, and Christ as a redeemer. Navigate Non Graded Assessment 6 minutes What makes their compositions unique from the Renaissance and Medieval Period? Write your answers on the table provided. Name of the Composer Characteristics Claudio Monteverdi Henry Purcell Antonio Vivaldi MUSIC 3 Page 6 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Johann Sebastian Bach George Frideric Handel Knot The Baroque period produced what the world would consider as the best composers who did not settle for anything 1 less than what they can. All the Baroque composers and musicians created pieces that, despite being forgotten for a minute time, were timeless and full of meanings especially that of human emotions. Baroque composers gave so much importance to the expression of emotions, and human as we all are, if we heard any of these compositions, they will surely trigger various emotions and memories that will make us realize that these pieces were not composed exclusively for the aristocrats and the royalties of the Baroque period to enjoy, but also for us in the present times. Prepared by: Reviewed by: IRISH M. ROCHA JONA JOY G. PALADA Position: Position: Special Science Teacher (SST) I Special Science Teacher (SST) III MUSIC 3 Page 7 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Campus: PSHS-BRC Campus: PSHS-SMC REFERENCES: Dunnett, B. (2020).Renaissance music. Music Theory Academy Kamien, R.(2008).Music:An appreciation.McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., New York City, NY VIDEOS: Antonio Vivaldi - Summer (Full) - The Four Seasons: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KY1p-FmjT1M Antonio Vivaldi - Winter (Full) - The Four Seasons: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZCfydWF48c IMAGES: Figure 1: The Concert by Nicholas Tournier Retrieved August 2020 from https://en.wahooart.com/Art.nsf/O/9GZNFP/$File/NicolasTournier-ESRobertConcert.JPG Figure 2: The Concert by Hendrick Ter Brugghen Retrieved August 2020 from https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/hendrick-ter-brugghen-the-concert Figure 3: Basso Continuo Retrieved August 2020 from https://www.liberaldictionary.com/basso- continuo/ MUSIC 3 Page 8 of 8 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.