Music 10 2nd Quarter PDF

**African-American Music** African music in general is usually upbeat, lively and festive. For American people, music is their spiritual food. Music is found in their dances, religious practices, and even in their stories of everyday life. African drums express the mood of the people. It is conside...

**African-American Music** African music in general is usually upbeat, lively and festive. For American people, music is their spiritual food. Music is found in their dances, religious practices, and even in their stories of everyday life. African drums express the mood of the people. It is considered the "heartbeat of the community" which holds the dancers together. The **Talking Drum** is used for communication, such as alarming tribes when war is coming. Rain sticks were believed to attract water during dry season. ***Maracatu* --** an ancient carnival tradition from north-eastern Brazil. **Spirituals** "*Negro Spirituals*" were passed down orally from generations of slavery. **Dance** In African dance, gestures communicate significant meanings. Some of these examples are pointing and looking to the ground that pertains to the earth. Since, they were prohibited from lifting their feet, they created moves that included shuffling the feet and moving the hips and body. **Blues** "Jamming" is like playing or singing music on the spot with a group of people. Blues is the genre of African-American jam. **Soul** Africans use a variety of vocal timbres: mellow, smooth, deep, and low-ranged hums, to loud, resonant, high-pitched and yelling-like voices -- each used to convey specific messages. African singers also invented "growls, whistles and melodic ornamentations" *Soul music* can be traced back to when African entrepreneurs hired session musicians to serve the needs of black music. This led to one of the first unifying events for black and white people. Through soul music, more white Americans acknowledge the view that black culture was not evil or disgracing, but only different. **Gospel Music** Gospel music evolve from Soul. Americans were not welcome in white American churches, so they built their own chapels and sang Christian songs with African vocal styles. The choir vocal harmony was dominant in gospel singing. They sang joyful, upbeat songs while clapping and moving to the beat; at the same time, slower music is like a prayer, a song yearning for God's love. **Latin-American Music** **Latin Instruments** **Bongos** -- a pair of small open-bottomed drums of different sizes **Guiro**- an empty gourd with a ragged surface that produces a rasping sound when scraped with a stick **Ocarina** -- an ancient vessel flute consisting of 4-12 finger holes and a mouthpiece projecting from its body **Conga** -- a tall, narrow, single-headed drum staved like barrels **Claves** -- a pair of short wooden sticks that produce a bright clicking noise when struck together **Latin-American Music Styles and Genres** **Cumbia** music in Colombia started as a courtship dance performed among the slave communities and was later combined with European instruments. **Tango** is a ballroom dance developed by the urban lower classes in Argentina and Uruguay and transformed into a distinctive cultural identity. It is performed by a man and a woman, expressing romance in synchronized movements. **Rumba** originated from the word rumbear which means good times, going to parties, and dancing. **Cha-cha** is a lively, flamboyant, and flirtatious Cuban social dance. Its light and bubbly feel gives it a unique sense of fun and play. **Bossa Nova** originated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It fused jazz elements with indigenous Brazilian music. **Reggae** started when Jamaican musicians heard New Orleans RnB through transistor radios. They developed their own up-tempo variation with skittering guitar and syncopated rhythms called Ska. One summer day, it was too hot to dance ska, so the beat was slowed down and reggae was born. **Foxtrot** began in the theater houses in New York. Californian Vaudeville actor Harry Fox was doing trotting steps to ragtime music; it was referred to as "Fox's Trot". **Paso Doble** is based on the character of the Torero (bullfighter) and his cape (the woman). **Popular Music** **Popular music** consists of music that is famous at a certain time. Pop music covers combinations of music forms, styles, and genres that vary each decade and on every continent. **Popular music styles and genres** **Ragtime** originated in the African-American communities of St. Louis, Louisiana during the 1890's. This popular music with jazz elements has influences from march music of the post-romantic period, but with a twist of syncopation or ragged African rhythms. **Jazz** combines Euro-African music elements and improvisations, with a fixed rhythmic and harmonic foundation. *Louis Armstrong* is one of the pioneers of Jazz. **Big band** consists of a more or less 17person ensemble consisting of five saxophones, four trumpets, four trombones and a rhythm section of a drum set, bass, piano and a guitar. In order to play organized music, a band leader conducts them and communicates with the audience. **Swing** -- an up-tempo dance style with a trademark shuffling "swing" rhythm. **Bebop** is a jazz singing style that started in the US during the 20s. It was named after the very sound it creates, and "Bepop" is one of them. **Rock and Roll** emerged in the 1950s, combining blues, country, and folk music with mainstream rock music that everyone enjoyed. **Soft rock or light rock** is a form of pop rock that originated in the late 60s in Southern California and the UK. The singers are usually the songwriters themselves, creating simple retainable melodies with lavish productions. It then transformed into synthesized music targeted an adult audience. **Ballads** are associated with literature and poetry, aside from music. A ballad in music is a song that tells a story, which can be sad or happy love song. **Standards** music offers improvisation and crossing over of genres. **Rap --** has personalized lyrics and catchy rhythmic syllables **Disco** is a beat-driven music born from the invention of digital recording in the 70's with permitted pop music to expand even more. **Teen pop** has lyrics focused on teenage issues like relationships, identity crisis, rebellion, fitting in and growing up. It is made of auto-tuned voices, catchy melodies, choreographed dancing, and emphasis on appearance. **Boy bands** were introduced in the 1990s - good looking young men were sought after for their looks, singing and dancing skills. **Alternative Music**. The term *"alternative"* originally referred to punk rock bands that did not want to go mainstream; college students forming their own amateur bands and jamming in garages. They recorded on independent labels, with exposure only through college radio airplay and word-of-mouth.