Medical Terminology for Respiratory System (PL111)

Medical Terminology (PL111)

• Course covers medical terms of the respiratory system
• Instructor: Dr./Reham Hassan Mohyeldin, Assistant Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Objectives

• Understand, define, and pronounce respiratory system medical terms
• Describe the respiratory system, identifying organs and functions
• Grasp clinical procedures and relevant abbreviations

Respiratory System Anatomy

• Diagram shows major structures including: Frontal sinus, Sphenoidal sinus, Nasal conchae, Nasal cavity, Nose, Pharynx, Alveoli, Right lung, Diaphragm, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchioles, Left lung.

Terms Related to the Nose

• Nasal: Pertaining to the nose (e.g., nasal cavity, nasal secretions, nasal sinuses, nasal hair)
• Nasopharyngitis: Inflammation of the nose and pharynx
• Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nose, causing nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itching
• Rhinoplasty: Surgical repair of the nose
• Epistaxis: Bleeding from the nose

Terms Related to the Trachea

• Tracheostomy: Creating a hole in the trachea to insert a tube for bypassing laryngeal obstruction
• Tracheitis: Inflammation of the trachea
• Endotracheal intubation: Insertion of a tube into the trachea (e.g., endotracheal tube)

Terms Related to the Bronchi

• Bronchial: Pertaining to the bronchus (e.g., bronchial secretions, bronchial irritation, bronchial obstruction, bronchial edema, bronchial asthma)
• Bronchogenic carcinoma: Tumor of the bronchi
• Bronchospasm: Contraction of bronchial smooth muscles, leading to narrowing of the bronchial and bronchioles lumen, causing wheezing
• Bronchodilatation: Relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles, causing dilation and widening of the lumen
• Bronchopneumonia: Inflammation of both the bronchi and the lung

Terms Related to the Lung

• Pulmonology: Science dealing with pulmonary diseases and their diagnosis/treatment
• Pulmonologist: Lung specialist
• Pulmonary angiography: X-rays of the lungs after dye injection to assess pulmonary blood vessels
• Pneumonia: Infection and inflammation of the lung
• Pneumonitis: Inflammation of the pulmonary alveoli (e.g., aspiration pneumonitis)
• Pulmonary collapse and fibrosis: Due to bronchioles obstruction, causing alveoli collapse and fibrosis

Terms Related to the Pleura

• Pleural: Pertaining to the pleura
• Pleural cavity: Space between layers of the pleura
• Pleural effusion: Fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity
• Hemothorax: Blood accumulation in the pleural cavity
• Empyema: Pus accumulation in the pleural cavity
• Pleuritis: Inflammation of the pleural membrane

Terms Related to Respiration Process

• Ventilator: Machine for artificial ventilation when a patient cannot breathe normally
• Artificial respiration: Artificial ventilation using a ventilator or other methods like mouth-to-mouth or chest compression
• Inhalation: Intake of air, oxygen, or drugs into the lungs
• Exhalation: Air outflow from the lungs, carrying carbon dioxide and excreted substances
• Gas exchange: Oxygen entering the blood and carbon dioxide leaving

Terms Related to the Process of Respiration (Continued)

• Olfaction: Process of smelling odors
• Dry cough: Coughing without sputum production (due to pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, or respiratory tract irritation)
• Productive cough: Coughing with sputum production
• Oximeter: Instrument measuring inhaled oxygen levels
• Hypoxia: Insufficient oxygen at the tissue level

Other Respiratory Terms

• Hypercapnia: Increased CO2 in the blood
• Hypoxemia: Insufficient oxygen in the blood
• Aphonia: Loss of voice due to vocal cord or recurrent laryngeal nerve issues

This quiz focuses on the medical terminology related to the respiratory system. You'll learn to define, pronounce, and understand the anatomy and clinical procedures associated with key components such as the nose, lungs, and diaphragm. Ideal for students in the Medical Terminology course.