MS II Exam 2 Cheat Sheet PDF
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This document provides a cheat sheet for a medical school exam, focusing on the topic of Calcium Imbalance and Electrolyte Imbalances. It includes sections on signs, symptoms, causes, and treatment.
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FUNDAMENTALS Electrolyte Imbalances: Calcium Imbalance HYPER calcemia...
FUNDAMENTALS Electrolyte Imbalances: Calcium Imbalance HYPER calcemia Level > 11 requires URGENT ACTION! SIGNS & SYMPTOMS CAUSES TREATMENT Remember “backme” Excessive intake → Adequate hydration to avoid → Too much antacids with calcium stone formation B Bone pain (TUMs) If due to excessive intake A Arrhythmias Increased bone resorption of Ca → Stop calcium supplementation → Avoid high calcium foods → Hyperparathyroidism: secretes too C Cardiac arrest much PTH If from increased absorption K Kidney stones → Malignancy:bone destruction from cancer cells → Stop thiazide diuretics → Avoid high calcium foods M Muscle weakness Increased absorption → Last resort: dialysis E Excessive urination → Thiazide diuretics fall risk → Kidney disease ▶ At risk for pathological fractures (in both hypo & hyper) ▶ Call bell, bed alarm, safety precautions Functions calcium & phophate=OPPOSITES ▶ Muscle contractions Normal Range: ▶ Bone formation ▶ ▶ Blood clotting Hormone regulation 9!11 mg/dl ca = p ca = p © nurse well versed HYPo calcemia Level
