Mr Rohne Exam Study Guide 2025 PDF

GEO EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025 THEMES OF GEO -​ Place -​ Determined by human and natural characteristics -​ Human characteristics: Roads, religion, agriculture, language etc -​ Natural characteristics: Bodies of water, climate/ environment and geology -​ Regions...

GEO EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025 THEMES OF GEO -​ Place -​ Determined by human and natural characteristics -​ Human characteristics: Roads, religion, agriculture, language etc -​ Natural characteristics: Bodies of water, climate/ environment and geology -​ Regions: -​ Perceptual: Defined by feelings, attitudes and beliefs (i.e middle east, bible belt) -​ Administrative: Hierarchical to government(s) (i.e canada->Manitoba->Winnipeg etc) -​ Functional: defined by a social or financial attribute) (i.e delivery radius of a restaurant) -​ Location: -​ Absolute: A definite place that’s immovable (latitude and longitude, addresses etc) -​ Relative: The position of something relative to another place (distance, type of travel, time of travel etc -​ Movement: -​ Push factor: Something that motivates people to move away (i.e economic stagnation, civil war, reduction in resources) -​ Pull factor: Something that motivates people to move to a certain are (i.e economic opportunities, better living conditions etc) GRID/HOW TO READ AND APPLY THEM Eastings: Vertical Northing: Horizontal Application: Read northing first, easting second, always add a zero before easting and when using 6 digit grids, don’t use decimals TYPES OF… Fish -​ Groundfish: Bottom feeders that stay close to the bottom/bed -​ Pelagic fish: Open water feeders -​ Shellfish: Mollusks and crustaceans -​ Plankton: Microscopic plants and animals at the bottom of the food chain Fishing -​ Inshore fishing: Fishing that occurs close to the shore with the use of smaller equipment -​ Offshore fishing: Fishing that is done far off shore using large vessels and equipment -​ Aquaculture: The process of raising and culling fish yourself/fish farming -​ Sport fishing: Fishing for fun and not to sustain yourself Geological Features -​ Continental shelf: The land under the grand banks that ends at the continental slope -​ Fishing banks: The shallow land above the continental shelf  GEO EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025 General Resource Practices -​ Renewable resources: A resource that reproduces itself -​ Balance of trade: When exports are profitable compared to import costs -​ Sustained yield management: Assuring that resources harvested don’t exceed resources produced Forests -​ Commercial forests: Forests with trees that can be harvested for profit -​ Non-commercial forests; Forests that have trees which are unlikely to be harvested, these forests are usually located on remote territories -​ Boreal forests: a type of forest region with a noted diversity of species, also the most occurring type of forest in Canada -​ Mixed forests: A type of forest region found in mixed wood plains and maritime ecozones with lots of of precipitation occurring Forestry -​ Clear cutting: The most common method of forestry, where loggers remove everything, leaving a scorched landscape which will eventually be replanted -​ Shelterwood logging: Similar to clearcutting, except a small group of trees are left behind, leaving a larger quantity of regeneration -​ Selective cutting: Only cutting down mature trees of a desired specimen -​ Silviculture: The practice of breeding and cultivating trees to the taste and necessities of it’s breeder Mining -​ Open pit mining: A form of mining where overburden is removed and 10-15 m holes are dug and expanded with explosives -​ Strip mining: A form of mining identical to open pit mining except explosions are kept to a minimum -​ Underground mining: A form of mining where deep corridors, shafts and holes are made/dug and mining is done under the earth’s surface. Minerals -​ Metallic Minerals: Minerals that when refined, produce metals -​ Fossil fuels: Fuel made from the naturally compressed/fossilized remains of life, usually from as far back as prehistoric times -​ Industrial minerals: Mined minerals that are neither metallic or fuel -​ Minerals: Naturally occurring, pure, non living substances found in rocks Mining concepts -​ Mineral resource: Deposits of minerals that are economic to mine -​ Ore: Rock containing enough mineable material to profit -​ Geologist: A job that finds and narrows down areas where you can mine -​ Milling: The process of purifying the metal -​ Smelting: The process of melting concentrated ore with flux  GEO EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025 Electricity Making -​ Hydroelectric: Using moving water to generate electricity -​ Thermoelectric: Using steam to generate electricity -​ Nuclear electric: Using nuclear fusion to generate electricity -​ Power Grid: A group of generating stations diverting electricity Energy practices -​ Anticlinal trap: A geological structure that traps oil and gas -​ Secondary recovery: The recovery of soil or oil after most of the oil has been mined -​ Oil sand: A substance mined in northeastern Alberta that is used to make synthetic crude oil -​ Hydraulic fracturing: Using pressurized “fracking fluid” to break apart bedrock formation WHAT IS SUSTAINED YIELD MANAGEMENT? -​ Sustained yield management: The maximum amount of a resource you can harvest without degrading or reducing the future productivity of a stock -​ In simple terms: Putting a limit to the amount of a resource you can harvest so the stock may multiply for and in the future -​ In forestry: Practices may include selective cutting, natural regeneration, silviculture, permanent reserve of timber and watershed management -​ In fishery: Practices include preserving renewable resources, aquaculture, enforcing territorial borders on the oceans and seas, counting fish stock and preservation of ecological life. -​ An example of sustainable yield management in forestry: Replanting trees -​ An example of sustainable yield management in fishery: Decreasing population density which would scatter fish and leads to reproduction across a larger area HOW DOES A RESOURCE MOVE THROUGH 4 INDUSTRY STAGES? In stage 1: Oil from Albertan oil wells, vegetable products from farms and salt from Saskatchewanian salt farms is gathered. Moving to and in stage 2: The oil is sent to the refinery, the vegetable products are sent to a refinery and the salt is moved. Moving to and in stage 3: The refinery sends the refined oil/plastic to a plastic bag maker, the vegetable products are sent to a potato chip manufacturer and so is the salt. Moving to and in stage 4: All of the resources are sent to old dutch where they bag them and send them out to stores, sellers etc.  GEO EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025 DEFINITIONS DIET -​ Famine: A temporary situation where a place doesn’t have enough food for everyone -​ Starvation: An extreme form of hunger where people suffer from a lack of nutrients and energy -​ Malnutrition: A condition where health is damaged by an extremely unbalanced diet -​ Undernutrition: A lack of one or more vital nutrients in a diet AGRICULTURE -​ Subsistence Farmers: Farmers that grow crops & livestock to feed themselves and their families -​ Cash-Crop Farmers: Farmers that specialize in specific crops that they sell -​ Intensive agriculture: Farming a relatively small amount of land using lots of labour and needing a lot of capital -​ Extensive Agriculture: Farming a large area of land with relatively little labour and capital -​ Productivity: Effectiveness x speed of farming CROPS -​ Transgenic Organisms: Organisms created by transferring desired dna into another organism -​ Selective Breeding: Selectively reproducing certain species to suit your needs -​ Green Revolution: Introduction of western farming techniques to developing countries -​ High Yield Variety: Replacing low yield negative crops with high yielding varieties -​ Genetically Modified Organisms: Lab made crops & yields with genetically designed desired organisms FACTORS OF FAMINE -​ Crop Failure -​ Leads to crop destruction -​ Population Changes -​ Leads to crop destruction -​ Create uneven distribution -​ Natural disasters -​ Wars -​ Leads to crop destruction -​ Create population changes and uneven distribution -​ Government Policies -​ Create uneven distribution  GEO EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025 COUNTRIES, FACTORS, AFFECTED COUNT AND RESPONSES -​ Irish Potato Famine -​ Caused by blight, firings of workers and Hibernophobia -​ Affected 2.2 Million people -​ Responses were slow but ultimately the British shipped corn and soup kitchens were created -​ Great Chinese Famine -​ Caused by Mao’s Great Leap Forward policies, commune creation and natural disasters -​ Affected 20 million people -​ Resulted in the repeal of the great leap forward -​ South Sudan -​ Caused by war, ethnic violence and destruction of water bodies -​ Affected 20 million people -​ The government was accused of withholding aid and resulted in an arms embargo of Sudan and humanitarian aid -​ Somalia -​ Caused by Civil war, resource destruction and draught -​ Affected 2.9 Million people -​ Government too weak and decentralized to respond and 4.4 billion dollars in aid has been given -​ Yemen -​ Caused by civil war, drought and bombing by Saudi Arabia -​ Affects 18.8 million -​ Condemned by rights groups and aid is sent but nothing was/can be done -​ Nigeria -​ Caused by Terrorism, blockade of aid and Al Qaeda -​ Affected 3.5 million -​ Nigerian army liberated towns, humanitarian aid given, government was accused of slow response