Most Common Medical Conditions PDF

1.Most common cause of osteomyelitis?S.aureus 2.Most common cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia patients?encapsulated bacteria(salmonella) 3.Most common senarios where you can find pseudomonas? 1.hospital acquired 2.bronchiectasis 3.neutropenic fever 4.Most common cause of pneumonia ?...

1.Most common cause of osteomyelitis?S.aureus 2.Most common cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia patients?encapsulated bacteria(salmonella) 3.Most common senarios where you can find pseudomonas? 1.hospital acquired 2.bronchiectasis 3.neutropenic fever 4.Most common cause of pneumonia ?S.pneumoniae 5.Most common cause of pneumonia after viral infection?S.aureus 6.Most common cause of pneumonia with diarrhea (in sailers or after spa ,sauna)?Legionella 7.Most common cause of acute pancreatitis in adults?gallstones 8.Most common cause of acute pancreatitis in children?trauma 9.Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?alcohol 10-Most common cause of UTI?gram negative bacteria(E.coli 70%,klebsiella) entrtococus sp.+ 11.Most common cause of infective endocarditis?S.aureus 12.Most common cause of infective endocarditis after tooth extraction with damaged valve?S.viridans 13.What microorganism is associated with infective endocarditis and colon cancer?s.bovis(galloliticus) 14.Most common cause of infective endocarditis after valve or heart surgery?S.epidermis 15.Most common cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome with bloody diarrhea?entehemorrhagic E.coli producing shiga toxins 16.In what level of cd4 do we treat for HIV?in all patients regardless of cd4 count 17.Most common cause of meningitis?S.pneumoniae 18.Treatment for meningitis?ceftriaxone+vancomycin (steroids 15 minutes) 19.Meningitis in pediatric or geriatric patient treatment ?ceftriaxone+vancomycin+ampicillin 20.Most common cause of death in patients with reuhmatoid arthritis?cardiovascular 21.Treatment for acute gout?NSAIDS steroids(if patient have renal failure intraarticular steroids) 22.Treatment for chronic gout?allopurinol xanthine oxidase inhibitor 23.Treatment for pericarditis ?NSAIDs colchicine 24.Treatment for myocarditis with heart failure?ACE inhibitors,diuretics ,angiotensin inhibitors 25.Treatment for typical pneumonia?ceftriaxone 26.Treatment for atypical pneumonia?azythromycine 27.Treatment for abcess and duration of treatment?clindamycine minimum 2 weeks 28.Most common cause of diarrhea after antibiotics use?C.difficile 29.Treatment for c difficile?Po vancomycin 30.Indications for antibiotics before dental procedure?prior infective endocarditis,prosthtic valve,congenital abnormalities,prior valve or heart surgery before 6 months Leading cause of small bowel obstruction : adhesions 31.Diverticular disease is a common cause of GI bleeding 32.Colorectal cancer is the leading cause of large bowel obstruction 33.Most common cause of liver abscess is infection in the biliary tree 34.TEM: transanal endoscopic microsurgery 35.Most common cause of infection after splenectomy?S.pneumoniae 36.The most common complication following D&C is infection Second most common is bleeding 37.The most common cause of PPH(postpartum hemorrhage) is uterine atony 38.Leading cause of small bowel obstruction : adhesions __________________ 39.Diverticular disease is a common cause of GI bleeding 40.Colorectal cancer is the leading cause of large bowel obstruction 41.Most common cause of liver abscess is infection in the biliary tree 43.Most common cause of infection after splenectomy?S.pneumoniae 44.Recurrent neisseria infection —->CH50 deficiency (c5b-c9complement) 45.Hereditary angioedema —>decreased C1 inhibitor levels 46.Increased igE eosinophils in cystic fibrosis suspect ABPA allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis treatment with anti fungal itraconazole and anti igE therapy omalizumab 47.Wiskott Aldrich triad Eczema ,recurrent infections,thrombocytepenic purpura/petechia 48.Klinefelter syndrome: seen in male , 47 xxy , tall stature, poorly functioning testes , gynecomastia 49.alport syndrome: recurrent hematuria , bilateral hearing loss 50.Kalimantan syndrome: Lack sexual maturity, unable to smell (anosmia ) , 51. Prader willi syndrome: Feeding difficulties,FTT , imprinting, small feet , micropenis, dilation chromosome 15 52. Fragile X syndrome: X-linked fmr1 gene , triplenucleutide repeat 🔁 CGG , long narrow face , autism , large testes , hyperextended fingers and joint Wagr: wilms tumor Aniridia Genitourinary malformation Retardation and mental disability WT1 deletion chromosome 11 53.Most common metabolic disturbances post gastrectomy :iron deficiency anemia 54.Most common complication of chronic pancreatitis is pseudocyst 55.Altemeier operation is done for patients with high comorbidities for rectal prolapse 56.Toxic megacolon ulcerative colitis (tachycardia,leukocytosis,fever,hypoalbuminemia,transverse colon on xray 3/5 criteria )subtotal colectomy and ileostomy 57.ASA american society of anesthesiologists there are 6 scores and E stands for emergency surgery 58.Most common retroperitoneal sarcoma is liposarcoma 59.Most common retroperitoneal sarcoma is liposarcoma ,leiomyosarcoma ,malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) 60.Ulcerative colitis with high grade dysplasia total proctocolectomy 61.Abdominal perineal resection APR is also called miles operation 62.Most common cause for acute lower GI hemorrhage in adults is diverticulosis 63.Most common etiology of primary hyperaldosteronism are unilateral aldosterone producing adenomas and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia 64.Most common cause of hemobilia Iatrogenic injury 65.Most common cause for upper GI bleeding is gastric or duodenal ulcers 66.In eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, myocardial involvement is the most common cause of death 67. RA Pleuritis is the most common extra-articular phenomena 68.Aortic regurgitation is the most common valvular dysfunction among patients with ankylosing spondylitis 69. Wrist joint most commonly involved in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis 70. A SAAP of more than 1.1 g/dL is suggestive of ascites caused by portal hypertension.(HF) 71.Aspiration from the oropharynx is the most common mechanism by which the bacteria reach the lower respiratory tract. 72.Post-ERCP pancreatitis is the most common complication of ERCP. 73. rule of thirds. One-third of asthmatic women improve, one-third deteriorate, and one-third remain unchanged. 74.The best way to correct hypernatremia is with free water through the gastrointestinal tract. 75.The most common organism in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is E. coli. 76.The most common abnormality is congenital heart disease in Pregnant women with preexisting diabetes 77.Prematurity is the most common fetal complication of multifetal gestation 78.Hysterography is the most accurate diagnostic method for infertility due to distal tubal obstruction 79.The most common cause of anovulatory uterine bleeding in female adolescents is an immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis 80.Pregnancy is the most common cause of amenorrhea. 81.The most significant maternal risk related to hyperthyroidism is preclampsia, while the most common fetal risk is IUGR 82.The most common pruritic dermatoses unique to pregnancy is pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) 83. Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common type of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary. 84.The mons pubis is the most innervated area of the female reproductive system 85.Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy with peak incidence of onset in the seventh decade of life. 86.The most common cause of postmenopausal uterine bleeding is the use of exogenous hormones. 87.The gold standard for reproductive tract anomalies imaging in pediatric and adolescent gynecology is an MRI of the abdomen and pelvis. 88.The most common cause of (PPH) post partom hemorrhage is uterine atony, representing about 80% of cases. 89.Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital viral infection, and puts an infant at increased risk for developing long-term neurodevelopmental morbidity. 90.All patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus should have a 2-hour, 75-g OGTT approximately 6 weeks after Delivery 91.Herpes Genitalis is the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) causing vulvar ulcer or erosion 92.Hashimoto is the most common cause of hypothyroidism during pregnancy 93.The most important risk factor for placenta accreta is placenta previa 94.most common negative emotional reaction to giving birth is postpartum blues. 95.Sacrospinous ligament fixation carries the greatest risk of pudendal artery injury 96.The most common complication following cesarean section is surgical site infection, particularly superficial wound complications 97.The most common lesions after a kidney transplant are cancers of the skin and lips. 98.The most common presentations of IgA nephropathy in adults are asymptomatic micro-hematuria and episodic macro-hematuria. 99.the most common reason for chronic kidney disease diabetic nephropthy 100.The most common etiology of nephrotic syndrome in adults is MGN 101. The leading cause of death in CKD is cardiovascular disease. 102.Prerenal failure due to hypovolemia is the most common cause of AKI. 103.Diarrhea causes non-anion gap metabolic acidosis 104.Orthostatic (postural) proteinuria is the most common cause of persistent asymptomatic proteinuria in children. 105.Most cases of nephrotic syndrome are idiopathic 106.Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most common primary 107.Orthostatic proteinuria is the most common diagnosis in school-aged kids with 108.The most significant complication of Kawasaki disease is the development of coronary artery aneurysms‫פסכיטריה‬ 109.Binge-eating disorder is the most common eating disorder 109.The most widely replicated positron ermission tomography (PET) finding in depression is decreased anterior brain metabolism , which is generally more pronounced on the left side 110.The most common organism causing vertebral osteomyelitis in adults is Staphylococcus aureus 111.cancer patients develop mental disorder. The most common is adjustment disorder Keywords Internal medicine Hematology: TR- FM – IDA Target cell – Thalassemia Reticulocyte > 2%, High lDH,indirect bil-Hemolysis’s Coombs test positive - AIHA AIHA + ITP – EVAN syndrome Increase MCHC – spherocytosis SCD + Aplastic Anemia – parvovirus B19 Bite cells – G6PD Hemolysis + PVT + thrombocytopenia – PNH Pruritus after shower – polycythemia Vera Teardrop cells – myelofibrosis After chemotherapy …. – TLS,Neutropenic fever Auer rods, Blast >20% – AML Philadelphia chromosome, T(9,22) , BCR-ABl – CML Smudge Cell- CLL Dry Tap – hairy cell leukemia Back, bone pain, anemia ,Hypercalcemia – MM Reed Sternberg cells – Hodgkin lymphoma Oncology + back pain+ ataxia – SCC Oncology + facial,arm swelling – SVCS Schistocytes- TTP, HUS, DIC PTT Problem – VWD, hemophilia A PT problem – Factor 7 deficiency Recurrent abortion – APLA Rheumatology MCP joint – RA RA + lung nodule – Caplan syndrome RA+ SANTA – felty,s syndrome Podagra, pain in big toe – Gout Chondrocalcinosis – Pseudogout Salmon rash, high ferritin- JRA Malar rash ,discoid rash – SLE Sacroiliac joint- Ankylosing spondylitis IBD + Arthritis – Enteropathic arthritis Sausage digits ,pencil in cup – Psoriatic Arthritis SFL > 50,000 – septic arthritis Target Rash – Lyme disease Oral,gental ulcers + Eye – Bechet Asthma + hypereosnophilia+ vasculitis – Churg Strauss Vasculitis + hypertension – polyarthritis Nodosa High ESR – Giant cell arteritis , polymyalgia High CPK – Dermatomyositis, Rhabdomyolysis Shawl sign ,Heliotrope rash ,Gottron papuels- Dermatomyositis WC- Wegener Nephrology Eosinophils in urine – (AIN+wbc cast) , Cholesterol embolism Muddy brown – ATN Hyaline cast – Prerenal KI Hematuria + hemoptysis – GPD Hematuria + eye + ear – Alport syndrome Hematuria after URI – IGA ,PSGN Gastro Cullen sign – Acute pancreatitis Skip lesion , Granuloma – crohn Cirrhotic patient + fever chills and abdominal pain – SBP Cirrhotic patient with bleeding – EV Diarrhea after antibiotic – PC Multiple recurrent duodenal gastric ulcer – ZES bitemporal hemianopia – prolactinoma AST:ALT> 2 – Alcoholic liver disease ASMA positive- Autoimmune hepatitis AMA positive – PBC SAAG> 1,1 , SAAG