Concepts of Community (CHN2) PDF

1 Concept of the Community COLLEGE OF NURSING  2 Learning Outcomes: 1.Describe community in terms of definition, type 2.Describe a Healthy Community 3.Identify factors inside a community that affects health of the population ...

1 Concept of the Community COLLEGE OF NURSING  2 Learning Outcomes: 1.Describe community in terms of definition, type 2.Describe a Healthy Community 3.Identify factors inside a community that affects health of the population  3 What is a community? group of people with common characteristics or interests  4 What is a community? living together within territory or geographical boundary.  5 What is a community? place where people under usual conditions are found.  6 Types of Community  7 Geopolitical Phenomenological community community territorial functional  8 Geopolitical community territorial ex. barangay  9 definition of a geopolitical community is “a spatial designation-a geographical or political area or place (Maurer and Smith, 2013)  10 Phenomenological community Examples of phenomenological functional communities include social groups, profession, or religious groups. ex. religious groups.  11 ▰Characteristic of Healthy Community 12  13 Ability to cope with change, solve problems & manage conflicts within the community  1 4 Open channel of communication Equitable & efficient use of community resources  15 ▰Factors Community has 3 features. These Affecting are Population, Location & Health of the Social Systems. Community  16 P O P U L AT I O N  17 A. Characteristics of the People / Population : Population size & density influences the number & size of health care institutions  18 A. Characteristics of the People / Population : Health needs of community varies because of differences in population composition by age, sex, occupation, level of education & other variables  19 A. Characteristics of the People / Population : Rapid growth or decline of a population affects the health of the community  20 A. Characteristics of the People / Population : Feeling of belongingness and participation in community action are more readily achieved in a culturally homogeneous population  21 A. Characteristics of the People / Population : Level of education and social class affects health status because of differences in living condition and degree of access to resources.  22 LO C AT I O N  23 Location of the Community : Health of community is affected by both natural and man-made variables related to location.  24 Location of the Community : Natural factors consist of geographic features, climate, flora and fauna  25 Location of the Community : PLANTS AND FAUNA have both positive and negative effects on health of the population.  26 Location of the Community : FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTH PROBLEM IN URBAN: - higher population density with resulting congestion, - concentrated poverty & slum formation; - greater exposure to health risk/ hazards  27 *S L U M INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS As informal (and often illegal) housing, slums are defined by: Unsafe and/or unhealthy homes (e.g. lack of windows, dirt floor, leaky walls and roofs) Overcrowded homes Limited or no access to basic services: water, toilets, electricity, transportation Unstable homes: weak structures often blown away or destroyed during storms and earthquakes No secure land tenure (i.e. the land rights to live there).  28 Location of the Community : FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HEALTH PROBLEM IN RURAL ARE: -inequalities of resources - Inequalities of economic opportunities, - poverty more prevalent in rural - limit access to health facilities  29 Location of the Community AIR, WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION poses health hazards to the population.  30 Social Systems Definition: A social system is an interdependent set of cultural and structural elements that can be thought of as a unit.  31 Social Systems within community : Social system is the patterned series of INTERRELATIONSHIPS existing between individuals, groups & institutions & forming coherent whole.  32 Social Systems within community Includes :  33 family economic, educational, communication, political, legal, religious, recreational and health system.  34 ▰Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse  35 CARE PROVIDER / CLINICIAN CHN provides care along the whole range of wellness-illness continuum; ▰ promotion of health, prevention of illness are highlighted.  36 As EDUCATORs, nurses seek to EDUCATOR facilitate client learning on a broad range of topics CHN as ADVOCATE is to help clients find out what services are available, which ones they are entitled to, and how to obtain these services. ADVOCATE A second goal is to influence change and make the system more relevant and responsible to clients' needs.  37 Serve as MANAGERS they supervise client care, supervise ancillary staff, do case management, run clinics & conduct community health needs assessment MANAGER projects. The nurse engages in four steps of the management process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling evaluation.  38 ▰ COLLABORATION with clients, other nurses, physicians, social workers, physical therapists, nutritionists, attorneys, COLLABORATOR secretaries, & other colleagues is part of the role of CHN ▰ Collaboration is defined as working jointly with to hers in a common endeavor to cooperate  39 Role of LEADER is distinguished from role of manager. ▰ As a leader, CHN directs, influences, or persuades others LEADER to effect change that will positively affect people's health. ▰ Acting as change agent & influencing health planning at local, state, national levels are elements of the role of leader.  40 ▰ CHN engages in systematic investigation, collection, analysis of data to enhance community health practice RESEARCHE▰ Research in community health R ranges from simple inquiries to complex agency or organizational studies. ▰ Attributes of nurse researcher include a questioning attitude, careful observation, open-  41 Thank s!