Community Health Nursing Concept of Community PDF

Community Health Nursing 2- BSN 3-E ❖ Many crimes are committed Lecturer: Prof. Raizha Sahibaddin-Jaide ❖ Family ties tend to be weak ❖ Limited space CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY...

Community Health Nursing 2- BSN 3-E ❖ Many crimes are committed Lecturer: Prof. Raizha Sahibaddin-Jaide ❖ Family ties tend to be weak ❖ Limited space CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY ❖ Greater impersonality among neighbors ❖ Higher standard of living Community is the main core of the Community health nurse. ❖ Shortage of employment In your own opinion, what is involve for a community to be ❖ Informal settlers are rampant considered as a healthy community? ❖ A lot of hazards and dangers What are the aspects involved? Write your opinion in the ❖ Greater number of separation of spouses and live-in box below arrangements ❖ Major occupations are industrial, administrative and What is community? professional ❖ Divisions of labor and occupational specialization are very COMMUNITY much common A group of people who occupy a common contiguous territory, possessed of a common set of traditions associated RURAL COMMUNITIES with their living together in that territory and served by a set of local institutions in which the people are conscious of their Usually produce their own food for subsistence common interest. Characteristics of rural communities: TYPES OF COMMUNITIES ❖ Greater personal interaction ❖ Deep, long-term relationships  Formal communities ❖ Generally, peace and order exists  Informal communities ❖ Mutual give and take affairs  Urban communities ❖ Emphasis of shared values  Rural communities ❖ Vernacular is usually spoken ❖ Wider area ❖ Influence of blood relationships in decision making FORMAL COMMUNITIES ❖ Homogenous type of culture Engage in joint activities and discussion, help each other ❖ Belief in supernatural and superstitious beliefs and share information with each other, they care about their ❖ Relationship is more personal and informal standing with each other. ❖ Less pollution ❖ Few establishments and institutions Examples ; ❖ Few goods and services a) Ecovillages b) Co-housing communities CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY COMMUNITY c) Co-ops villages 1. Equity (lack of disparities) d) Religious communities 2. A strong economy and employment opportunities (lack of poverty) 3. Education INFORMAL COMMUNITIES 4. Health care and preventive health services Consists of a set of personal relations, social networks, 5. A stable, sustainable ecosystem and environment common interest and emotional sources of motivation 6. Inclusive, equitable and broad community participation Examples of formal communities 7. Employ environmental strategies - Academic communities 8. Engage multi-sector participation - Recreation communities 9. The capacity to assess and address their own health - Retirement communities concerns 10. Collaboration between partners URBAN COMMUNITIES: 11. Housing / Shelter Large in terms of land area & population, advanced in science 12. Civic engagement & technology, with favorable physical environment and 13. Healthy public policy diverse cultures, and the people are engaged in various 14. Access to healthy food occupations 15. Safety 16. Opportunities for active living Characteristics of urban communities: 17. Transportation ❖ Advancement in science & technology 18. Empowered population ❖ Many business establishments, recreational centers, 19. Healthy child development educations and religious institutions 20. Use data to guide and measure efforts ❖ People are crowded ❖ Social heterogeneity ❖ Greater pollution COMPONENTS OF A COMMUNITY Villages, towns, and cities with a sense of community include those wherein all members: contribute to and 1. Effective Community Leadership hold a common vision for the future; respect and 2. Informed Citizen Participation celebrate their heritage, diversity, and resources; share 3. Sense of Community information, and; develop and sustain an abundance 4. Fostering Healthy Families, Individuals, and Youth Of social networks and relationships. 5. Lifelong Education and Learning 6. Lifelong Education and Learning 4. Fostering healthy families, individuals, and youth 7. Recreation and Cultural Heritage Most communities face a variety of challenging social issues, 8. Working Landscape and the Natural Environment such as substance abuse, domestic abuse, poverty, and other 9. Economic Vitality concerns related to the elderly, youth, and families. 10. Growth and Development Addressing these concerns effectively takes the coordinated 11. Transportation efforts of the public, private, and nonprofit sectors. Support services such as adequate child day care, comprehensive after-school, youth, teen, and senior 1. Effective Community Leadership programs, preventative health and substance abuse programs, parenting and family support programs, and Healthy communities have, and develop, public leaders who effective human service networks help strengthen the work together to enhance the long-term future of the social fabric of a community. community. Villages, towns, and cities with a sense of community Community leadership must be responsive, honest, efficient, include those wherein all members: contribute to and enlightened, fair and accountable. hold a common vision for the future; respect and It should have the ability to bring the community together celebrate their heritage, diversity, and resources; share to participate in open, neutral dialogue on important issues. information, and; develop and sustain an abundance Of Leaders should be representative of their community and social networks and relationships. be able to envision an economically secure, environmentally Aided by effective communication, compassionate sound and socially viable future. Leaders should understand leadership, active citizen participation, and inter-group the challenges facing the community and be able to take cooperation, a comprehensive package of supportive advantage of opportunities within the services will enable a community to nurture healthy community and in cooperation with neighboring ones. community members. Leadership should empower community members to assist in resolving community issues. 5. Lifelong Education and Learning Education is a lifelong endeavor, much more extensive than just the K-12 school system. 2. Informed Citizen Participation It starts at home, continues through childhood and the teen In a healthy community, citizens actively participate years, and progresses throughout adult life. through voting in local elections, serving on local boards, People of all ages need to develop knowledge and skills in attending public hearings, and being involved in civic order to improve the quality of their own lives and those of organizations and community activities. their families, and to contribute more effectively to The increasing complexity of municipal operations is community life. limiting the ability of government to meet community needs, Programs of higher education and lifelong learning provide escalating the importance of active citizen involvement and local businesses with a pool of trained employees. volunteerism. Other formal and informal learning opportunities allow All sectors within a community -- private, public, and community members to discover hidden talents and develop nonprofit --must each take responsibility for the community's an array of interests and skills. Lifelong learning allows civic education and exchange information with the public. citizens to manage their lives more effectively in a changing All citizens need to develop knowledge and skills to economy and to participate in increasingly complex municipal contribute to community life. operations with greater knowledge and skill. Shared problem solving and planning for the future as a community increases local pride and commitment. 6. FACILITY A community provides many essential facilities and services 3. Sense of Community to its members - public facilities such as municipal buildings, A sense of community is an intangible yet vital component schools, parks, pathways and trails, roads, libraries, a of a healthy community. recycling center, and cemeteries, and services and utilities It encompasses elements such as image, spirit, character such as police, fire, ambulance, highway maintenance, and pride, along with processes such as communication, information dissemination, and possibly water, and sewer. inter-group relations, and networking. These key functions consume the majority of tax dollars A community is made up of different people with and sharply influence the community's quality of life. different interests, experiences and backgrounds. These characteristics may divide a community into natural groups but there must be cooperation among 7. Recreation and Cultural Heritage them if the community is to work well as a unit.  Recreational and cultural activities nurture the body and soul of a community - individual and team sports, outdoor activities, art, crafts, music, dance, theater, holidays, festivals, FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH OF THE COMMUNITY and celebrations. Recreational opportunities allow community members to 1. Physical factors experience and appreciate the community's diversity of 2. Socio/cultural factors natural and human resources. Cultural activities reflect and 3. Community organization build a community's positive sense of itself and strengthen 4. Individual behavior the fabric of social interactions within the community. 1. Physical Factors: 8. Working Landscape and the Natural Environment Natural resources and historical assets of a community a. Industrial development: contribute significantly to the quality of life for residents and ❖ Communities that are industrially developed are more play an integral part in defining community character. The likely to be affected by numerous diseases due to toxic waste lakes, streams, rivers, walking trails, working farms, forests, products from the industries that are released in water clean air, historic buildings and ruins, special places, wildlife, bodies and the atmosphere and due and open land help determine a community's personality and to congestion of settlement leading to slum development contribute to the everyday pleasures of community hence contagious diseases compared to areas that are not life. A successful community recognizes the importance of industrially developed. these assets and takes appropriate measures to assure their continuance. 2. Socio/cultural Factors 9. Economic Vitality  Community size The private, public and non-profit sectors are all important  Geographical location in attracting new investment and in developing new  Environment businesses that suit the character of the community and  Traditional beliefs meet its needs. The need to sustain successful workplaces is an important factor to the health of a community. The more 1. Community size: a densely populated or overpopulated often money circulates within the community before leaving, community can easily be attacked by communicable diseases the more the community benefits. A healthy community includes access to a variety of 2. Geographical location: Some communities are more environmentally sound businesses, industries, and prone to diseases due to the geographical location (ex. institutions that provide reasonable wages and Communities located in swampy areas are more prone benefits to workers, engage infamily-friendly policies, provide to diseases like malaria) workers with opportunities to develop marketable skills, and contribute to the overall well being of the community 3. Environment: a clean environment is very vital to the proper health of a community which minimizes the 10. Growth and Development occurrence and transmission of diseases, unlike a dirty A community can more effectively manage its growth environment which easily leads to outbreak of diseases through the prudent use of local zoning districting and ordinances and planning regulations that guide how 4. Traditional beliefs: beliefs or traditions possessed by land is divided, used, and developed. These tools allow the communities greatly affect the health community to regulate the development of residential areas, commercial districts, and the village centers. 3. Community Organization These are key considerations in managing growth while maintaining community character.  Educational factors Another important factor in the development of a healthy  Government community is the diversity of the housing. This encompasses  Economy availability, affordability, and location, all of which affect the lives of community members, especially the elderly, Educational factors: poor education or disabled, and low-income families. illiteracy affects the health of a community when people doesn’t have education on how 11. Transportation they can prevent themselves from diseases A community's strategic location and economic importance bring many people to live, work, and shop here. Roads get Government: since the government involves most of us where we need and want to go, and most people planning, implementing and provision of drive their own cars for convenience. However, more vehicles community services such as water supply, sharing the roads results in increased highway maintenance, medical supplies and other needs which can air pollution, and traffic congestion. Alternatives to directly affect the community health automobile travel can include pedestrian and bicycle travel, broadband/internet based ordered and delivered Economy: a community that is economically goods and services, and bus and rail transportation. well off has low chances of suffering from disease breakouts because they have proper members of the community health care and water drainage systems unlike in poor community 8. Change Agent Motivates changes in health behavior in individuals, 4. Individual Behavior families, groups, and communities that also include Community health is greatly influenced by individuals, lifestyle in order to promote and maintain health their personal health and habits. In order to achieve a healthy community, it takes team work. Thus proper 9. Recorder/Reporter/Statistician individual healthy living can greatly promote a healthy Prepares and submits required reports and records community Maintain adequate, accurate, and complete recording and reporting ROLES & ACTIVITIES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE Reviews, validates, consolidates, analyzes, and interprets all records and reports 1. Planner/Programmer Prepares statistical data/chart and other data presentation Identifies needs, priorities, and problems of individuals, families, and communities 10. Researcher Formulates municipal health plan in the absence of a Participates in the conduct of survey studies and medical doctor researches on nursing and health-related subjects Interprets and implements nursing plan, program policies, Coordinates with government and non-government memoranda, and circular for the concerned staff personnel organization in the implementation of studies/research Provides technical assistance to rural health midwives in health matters END 2. Provider of Nursing Care Prepared by: Alesandra A. Amandoron SN, RN-2027 Provides direct nursing care to sick or disabled in the Nurhaliza A. Ismael SN, RN-2027 home, clinic, school, or workplace Charles B. Desiderio SN, RN- Develops the family’s capability to take care of the sick, disabled, or dependent member 3. Community Organizer Motivates and enhances community participation in terms of planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating health services Initiates and participates in community development activities 4. Coordinator of Services 20 27 Coordinates with individuals, families, and groups for health related services provided by various members of the health team Coordinates nursing program with other health programs like environmental sanitation, health education, dental health, and mental health 5. Trainer/Health Educator Identifies and interprets training needs of the RHMs, Barangay Health Workers (BHW), and hilots Conducts training for RHMs and hilots on promotion and disease prevention Conducts pre and post-consultation conferences for clinic clients; acts as a resource speaker on health and health related services Initiates the use of tri-media (radio/TV, cinema plugs, and print ads) for health education purposes Conducts pre-marital counselingPresentation Title 6. Health Monitor Detects deviation from health of individuals, families, groups, and communities through contacts/visits with them. 7. Role Model Provides good example of healthful living to the