Module 6- Introduction to Construction Occupational Safety & Health PDF

LECTURE 6: INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH LECTURE OUTLINE I. Occupational, Safety & Health-OSH Fundamentals II. OSH Legislation & Standards III. Site Safety Regulations & Framework I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Terminologies & Definitions C...

LECTURE 6: INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH LECTURE OUTLINE I. Occupational, Safety & Health-OSH Fundamentals II. OSH Legislation & Standards III. Site Safety Regulations & Framework I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Terminologies & Definitions Common terms & key descriptions o Accidents o Incident o Control o Hazards o Safety o Unsafe Acts o Unsafe Conditions Response to unwanted Conditions Management Safety Programs Safety Audit “Safety is not just signs and handrails, it is in people’s minds.” -Tony Smith , National Safety Council 2006, Turin, Italy I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Terminologies & Definitions All work exposes workers to hazards ( especially for construction job-site): Manual handling of materials Use of machines Exposure to toxic substances Contact to electricity stress Main Definition: Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) “ state of being certain that exposure to workplace conditions will not cause adverse effects to the well- Source: Leigh, JP. being of a worker in terms of INJURY or ILLNESS” (2001) I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Importance of OSH OSH is important based on three (3) arguments: 1. It is the right thing to do 2. It is the smart thing to do 3. It is the law (WHO, 2010) First Argument- based on ethical principle, employer has moral obligation -To protect employees from accidents & illnesses -workers have the right to safe & healthful workplace Second Argument-based on economic principle. -accidents impose a massive cost to business -lowers productivity and can even end a business Third Argument-it is the law -based on legal principle that violations causes penalties and work stoppages I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Common terms & key descriptions o Management o Safety Programs o Safety Audit Source: Leigh, JP. (2001) Source: OSH (2016) I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Other key points to consider about economics and safety: Serious accidents can be critical to meeting contract deadlines. Losing key personnel can spell the end of the business altogether. Loss of business reputation can lead to loss of new or repeat business. Accidents can damage workforce morale. Accident claims mean higher insurance premiums. The challenge for all is: If you think safety is expensive, try pricing an accident! (Lois McMaster-Bujold). Source: OSH (2016) I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Still not convinced? How about some OSH Statistics From the International Labor organization-ILO ( World safety day celebration in 2019) On average, 7,500 die everyday due to work related accidents 160 million incidents of occupational illness every year 270 million work related accidents every year Biggest killers in the workplace: cancer-32%, circulatory diseases-23% , accidents -19%, communicable diseases 17% and others I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Philippine OSH Situation (2017) Total Accidents 38,235 Total Injuries 46,283 Non-fatal with lost workdays 20,318 43.9 % Without lost workdays 25,502 55.1% Fatal 463 1% Source: Integrated Survey on Labor & employment-(ISLE ) measures of safety performance (2019) I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Injury Profile of Most Commonly Profile Injured Worker Male Married 26-30 years old With 1 to 5 years work experience Assigned in the first shift Source: Integrated Survey on Labor & employment- (ISLE ) measures of safety performance (2019) I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Review of Accident vs. Incident illustration Accident: A window cleaner dropping a bucket from a height, which caused injury to a person underneath. Incident: A window cleaner dropping a bucket from a height, which just missed a person standing underneath. This can be considered a near-miss A slightly different circumstances & the person may have been injured I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Review of Accident vs. Incident Common reasons for accidents (according to a layman) “Ang malas naman niya!” “Ang T_ _ _ a kasi niya!” “Oras na niya. pana panahon lang yan.” “Kasama yan sa trabaho” These are not real causes but rather can be seen as excuses. I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Theory for Accidents System theory of Accident Causation Possibility of an accident to occur is dependent on the interaction of work components such as: people , equipment/machineries/tools, materials & environment. Each components (or a combination) are considered source of hazard. The simple expression for accident can be seen as Hazard + Exposure = Accident/ Incident Hazard in another definition is: “any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone” I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Two classifications of Hazards 1. Safety hazards 2. Health hazards Analogy and connection Safety hazard = potential for injury Health hazard = potential for illness I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Hazards by Category Biological Bacteria, viruses, insects, plants & animals Chemical Gas, vapors, mist, fumes Physical Radiation, noise, temperature extremes, HEALTH HAZARDS pressure, electricity, etc. Ergonomic Repetitive movement, improper set-up of work stations, awkward positions, over exertions Psychosocial Stress, violence Safety Clutters (slipping & tripping), unguarded SAFETY HAZARDS machines, heights (fall), equipment malfunctions, inappropriate use of tools, electricity I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Examples of Hazards and corresponding Harm: Source Hazard Harm Object Knife Cut Substance Benzene Leukemia Material Asbestos Mesothelioma Source of energy Electricity Shock, electrocution Condition Wet floor Slips, falls Process Welding Metal fume fever Practice/task Hard rock mining silicosis I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Exposure to Hazards When worker is within the “danger zone”, or in a position of “imminent” danger. exposure can be physical- e.g. closed proximity with danger, like a live wire exposure can be environmental- worker is in an unhealthy atmosphere Causes of Accidents 1. Unsafe acts- “any human action that violates a commonly accepted work procedure” (ANSI). removing safety devices Operating equipment without authority Using defective equipment Disregard of SOP or instructions Horseplay Willful intent to injure Working under the influence of alcohol or drugs I. OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY & HEALTH FUNDAMENTALS Causes of Accidents 2. Unsafe Conditions- “physical or chemical property of a material, machine or the environment which could result in injury to a person, damage or destruction to property or other forms of losses”(ANSI) Therefore, considering the ultimate question in OSH is : “Can accidents be prevented?” Bottomline- o We can control Hazards and manage Exposure. II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Legal bases of OSH A. PD 422-1974 “ The Labor Code of the Philippines” B. OSH Standards, 1979, as amended 1989 C. RA 11058- “An act strengthening compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and providing penalties for violations” enacted January 25, 2019 Its Implementing Rules and Regulation (DO 198-18) D. Department Order No. 13: Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction Industry Occupational Safety and Health Standards- OSHS by DOLE comparable to US OSHA II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Main provisions: o Affirms labor as a primary social and economic force and that a safe and healthy workforce is an integral aspect of nation building o Ensures that the laws and standards are fully enforced and complied with by the employers o Ensures a safe and healthful workplace for all working people by affording them full protection against all hazards in their work environment Coverage- all establishments, including special economic zones; utilities; industries such as mining, OSHS by DOLE Manila cover page fishing, construction , agriculture and maritime; contractors & subcontractors. (except public sector) II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order No. 13: Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction Industry Scope: All Construction Activities, whether owned by Government or private sector Highlights: a. accredited safety practitioners (officers ) in all projects b. submittal of construction health & safety programs c. guidelines for evaluation of safety programs d. practitioner’s duties and responsibilities OSHS by DOLE Manila cover page II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Classification of establishments Classification Description High risk establishment Hazards affect the safety and/or health of the workers and the public Medium risk establishment There is moderate exposure to safety and health hazards and with probability of an accident, injury or illness Low risk establishment There is a low level of danger or exposure to safety and health hazards or with low probability to result in accident, harm or illness II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Duties of Employers and Workers Duties of Employers Duties of workers Keep workers away from hazards Join in OSH capacity building Provide job safety instructions Use safeguards and safety devices Ensure forms or sources of hazards are under control Comply with all instructions Use only approved equipment and devices Follow all instructions in cases of emergency Comply with OSHS and provide PPE Report hazards Allow workers participation in OSH matters Provide measures to deal with emergencies (training & drills) Comply with reportorial requirement II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) RIGHTS OF WORKERS 1. Right to know all hazards… 2. Right to refuse unsafe work..(without threat or reprisal from owner) 3. Right to report accidents.. 4. Right to Personal Protective equipment (PPE) Free of charge Appropriate type (based on standards) Appropriate size, weight and type to specific workers II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) OSH Reports In prescribed forms A. Administrative documentary requirements B. Reportorial requirements Code Title Date of submission Reference form 1.W Work accident/illness report On or before the 30th day DOLE-BFQ-WAIR; WAIR COVID-19; WAIR (WAIR) of the month A; WAIR-B 2. A Annual Exposure Data Report On or before January 20 DOLE/BWC/IP-6b (AEDR) 3. R Report of Safety Organization One month after the OSH DOLE/BWC/OHSD/IP-5 (RSO) committee is organized 4. M Minutes of the meeting of Quarterly No prescribe form Health and Safety committee 5. A Annual Medical Report On or before the last day DOLE/BW/OH-47A (AMR) of March II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Safety officers & Health Personnel Classification Qualification and scope of task Safety officer 1 completed the required training for low-risk establishments with 1 to 50 employees For medium risk establishments with 1 to 9 employees Safety officer 2 completed the required training – for low-risk establishments with 51 to 199 employees – for medium risk establishments with 10 to 199 employees for high-risk establishments with 1 to 9 employees Safety officer 3 completed the required training for low-risk establishments with 200 and more employees Safety Officer 3 for medium risk establishments with 100 and more employees for high-risk establishments with 10 to 1,000 employees Safety officer 4 completed the required training for medium risk establishments with more than 1,250 employees for high-risk establishments with more than 1,000 employees II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Health Personnel Title Qualification and scope of task First Aider completed required training and certified For all establishments ( low, medium, high) OH Nurse completed the required training and licensed for low risk establishment with 100 or more employees for medium to high risk with 51 and more employees OH Dentist completed the required training and licensed for low risk establishments with 200 and more OH Dentist employees for medium to high risk establishment with 100 and more employees OH Physician completed the required training and licensed for low risk establishments with 200 and more OH Physician employees for medium to high risk establishment with 100 and more employees II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Training requirements for safety officers & health personnel Position Training requirements Safety officer 1-SO1 Mandatory 8-hour OSH Orientation Course applicable to the industry (not applicable to construction) – Two (2) hours Trainer’s Training Safety officer 2-SO2 Mandatory 40-hour OSH Training Course applicable to the industry (BOSH, COSH, MOSH, etc.) Safety officer 3-SO3 Mandatory 40-hour OSH Training Course Additional 48 hours of advanced specialized trainings Other requirements as may be prescribed by DOLE Safety officer 4-SO4 Mandatory 40-hour OSH Training Course Additional 80 hours of advanced specialized trainings An aggregate of 320 hours of OSH related training or experience Other requirements as may be prescribed by DOLE Position Training requirements First Aider Standard first aid training OH Nurse At least 40-hour Basic OSH training course OH Dentist At least 40-hour Basic OSH training course OH Physician At least 56-hour Basic OSH training course for OH Physician II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Health Facilities Medical supplies , at table 47 OSH standard Treatment room or clinic Emergency Hospital/Infirmary and dental clinic II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Health Facilities Medical supplies , at table 47 OSH standard Treatment room or clinic Emergency Hospital/Infirmary and dental clinic II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Workers Welfare Facilities Items o Adequate supply of safe drinking water o Adequate sanitary and washing facilities o Suitable living accommodation such as in construction, shipping, fishing and night workers o Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping facilities for all gender o Lactation station except those establishments as provided for under (DOLE Department Order No.143-15) o Ramps, railings as required o Others as prescribed by the OSH Standard (Section 19 of DO 198-18 at pp 435 of the 2019 updated OSH Standards) II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Safety and Health Training for All workers All workers shall undergo OSH orientation No cost on workers and compensable working time Specialized training for : operation , erection and dismantling of equipment and scaffolds, structural erections, excavations, welding and flame cutting Other Requirements o Safety signages and devices, posted in prominent positions o Safety in use of equipment, requires certification from TESDA or PRC o OSH information available to workers o Construction safety and health programs- with detailed policies II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Penalties Section 29 OSH, on prohibited acts administrative fines II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order 198-18 (IRR of RA 11058) Penalties Section 29 OSH, on prohibited acts o Failure or refusal to comply- deemed willful when done voluntarily, deliberately and intentionally o Repeated violations= fine + 50%* (repeat violations) o “When the violation exposes the worker to death, serious injury or serious illness, the imposable penalty shall be one hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000.00)” o For two or more non-compliances, all penalties but should not exceed 100,000 daily II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order No. 13: Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction Industry Salient Features Construction safety & health program- Project manager shall submit to DOLE a comprehensive CHSP prior to start of a construction project. A simplified CHSP for residential buildings 2-storey and below with < 10 workers Safety on Construction Heavy equipment- OSHS by DOLE Manila cover page All operators certified by TESDA All equipment tested by third party testing Org. II. OSH LEGISLATION & STANDARDS Department Order No. 13: Guidelines Governing Number of Construction Site (High-risk workers establishment) Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction 1-9 One SO2 Industry 10-50 One SO3 51-99 One SO2 & One SO3 Salient Features 100-199 One SO2 & One SO3 Safety Officer Assign full time safety officer (for CHSP) 200-250 Two SO3 Number of SOs dependent on workers 251-500 One SO2 & Two SO3 501-750 One SO2 & Two SO3 Safety Officer for heavy equipment 751-1000 One SO2 & Two SO3 One SO for every 10 units of heavy equipment (in a Every Additional S03 or S04 project site) additional 250 Safety Officer of subcontractors Must provide a representative (SO qualifications) III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Site Safety Standard Elements General government regulations: DO 198-18, DO 13, OSHS (from previous section) 1. Representative Regulations (construction site specific) 2. Construction Safety Signages 3. Construction Site Safety Areas or Concerns III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Site Safety Standard Elements 2. Representative Regulations Rule no. Heading / Main consideration 1412.01 Health and Safety Committee 1412.03 Electrical 1412.04 Machine Guarding 1412.09 Protection of the Public 1412.10 Protection from falling Materials 1412.11 Protruding Nails & loose Materials 1412.12 Protection Against collapse of structure III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Site Safety Standard Elements 2. Representative Regulations Rule no. Heading / Main consideration 1412.13 Safe means of access 1412.14 Storage of materials 1412.16 Traffic control 1412.17 Vehicular loading 1412.18 Vehicular driving 1412.20 Personal Protective equipment III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Site Safety Standard Elements 3. Construction Safety Signages required to be provided in the workplace Signs should conform with the standard requirements of the OSHS. The signages shall include but are not limited to the following items: Usage of PPE Falling/ falling objects Explosives and flammable substances Tripping or slipping hazards Toxic or irritant airborne contaminants/substances Electrical facility Dangerous moving parts of machines Fire alarms/ fire fighting Instructional signs/ Update of man-hours lost-periodic updating of man-hours worked/lost due to accidents/ incidents III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Site Safety Standard Elements 3. Construction Safety Signages Standard colors of signs for safety a. Red b. Green c. White d. Yellow e. Orange f. Blue g. Purple III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Site Safety Standard Elements 3. Construction Safety Signages Standard colors of signs for safety a. Red –fire related hazard; attention to equipment apparatus and facilities b. Green – safety; designation of safety III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Site Safety Standard Elements 3. Construction Safety Signages Standard colors of signs for safety c. White – traffic, basic colors for designation of traffic & housekeeping d. Yellow – caution. to mark physical hazards, e.g. Striking against , stumbling, falling, tripping & caught in between III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Site Safety Standard Elements 3. Construction Safety Signages Standard colors of signs for safety e. Orange – alert; designate dangerous parts of machines or energized equipment: Electrical hazards f. Blue – precaution; designate cautio or warning against starting of use, or movement of equipment under repair III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Site Safety Standard Elements 3. Construction Safety Signages Standard colors of signs for safety g. Purple – radiation; designate radiation hazards ; ( used in combination with yellow) III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Fall & Ladder Safety Falls Leading cause of death in construction sites Accounts for a third of recorded construction related incident Fall related hazards a. Unprotected sides, wall openings and floor holes b. Improper scaffold construction c. Unguarded protruding steel bars d. Misuse of portable ladders III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Fall & Ladder Safety C. Unguarded protruding steel bars a. Guard all protruding ends b. Bend rebars (exposed end should not be upright) c. fall prevention is the first defense Excerpt from UP-NEC-ICPS III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Fall & Ladder Safety D. Misuse of portable ladders Ladder-related hazards 1. Movement & slipping from the supports 2. Losing one’s balance 3. Losing one’s grip Hazard Avoidance From: “20 reasons why women live longer than man”by-skirmante retrieved from o Side rails should extend at least 1-m above landing Bored Panda o At top, secure side rails & use a grab device when extension is not possible o Inspect before use and do not overload Must be able to support 4x maximum intended load From: “20 reasons why women live longer than man” by-skirmante retrieved from Bored Panda From: “47 reasons why women live longer than men” by-Gabulaite retrieved from Bored Panda III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Fall & Ladder Safety Additional ladder safety tips Don’t Do Overreach from a ladder Get a taller ladder Use the top two rungs Get down and move the ladder Move a ladder while on it Use a toolbelt Climb with a material Get a second ladder Share a ladder From: “Workplace hazards that only exist because of studpidity” retrieved from (cheezburger.com) III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Scaffold Safety Scaffold functions To provide temporary work areas beyond normal workers’ reach To provide safe access to and from work areas Review and Description of Scaffolds o One or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames or similar rigid support o Material is usually steel (tubes and couplers) o Supported Scaffolds are the most common type o Intended to be temporary III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Scaffold Safety Types of supported scaffolds a. Ladder jack b. Pump jack c. Tube & coupler d. Mobile e. Frame f. System Excerpt from UP-NEC-ICPS III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Scaffold Safety Common Hazards a. Falls from elevation b. Collapse from scaffold c. Being struck by falling tools, materials, debris d. Electrocution Key Safety Area Structural system From: “47 reasons why women live longer than men” by-Gabulaite retrieved from Guardrail System Bored Panda Planking From: “47 reasons why women live longer than men” by-Gabulaite retrieved from Bored Panda III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Scaffold Safety Scaffold assembly and components 1. Base Construction Excerpt from UP-NEC-ICPS 2. Support Structure Excerpt from OSHA guide to scaffold use III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Scaffold Safety 2. Support structure From: “29 safety failure that would give From: “29 safety failure that would give OSHA nightmares-fail blog ” OSHA nightmares-fail blog ” (cheezburger.com) (cheezburger.com) III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Scaffold Safety 3. Access Excerpt from UP-NEC-ICPS 4. Fall protection Excerpt from OSHA guide to scaffold use III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Scaffold Safety 5. Platforms, use as walkways, use as work areas Excerpt from UP-NEC-ICPS Excerpt from OSHA guide to scaffold use III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Fire Safety Main components of any fire (fire triangle) a. Fuel b. Energy (heat source) c. Oxidizer (air) Prevention is, therefore, based on eliminating or minimizing one of the components of the fire triangle. Fire Prevention measures in a job site o Regular upkeep of job site o Avoid unnecessary stockpiling of combustible materials o Adopt safety precautions o Avoid burning waste materials o Adopt site rules on smoking  III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Fire Safety Common causes of fire a. Short-circuiting, overloading or poor joints in electrical cables. b. Defective electrical equipment and wiring. c. Improper use or storage of flammable liquid such as thinner and paint. d. Excessive storage of waste and scrap materials. e. Smoking or use of naked flame. f. Machines not properly maintained leading to overloading From: “20 reasons why women live longer From: “47 reasons why women live longer From: “20 reasons why women live longer than man” by-skirmante retrieved from than men” by-Gabulaite retrieved from than man” by-skirmante retrieved from Bored Panda Bored Panda Bored Panda III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Fire Safety Preparing for a Fire 1. Have an alarm system 2. Have a means of escape 3. Have a Fire-fighting equipment ready 4. Have an Emergency Plan From: “29 safety failure that would give From: “29 safety failure that would give From: “29 safety failure that would give OSHA nightmares-fail blog ” OSHA nightmares-fail blog ” OSHA nightmares-fail blog ” (cheezburger.com) (cheezburger.com) (cheezburger.com) III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Electrical Safety In electrical safety the guiding principles are: o Rendering the source as electrically dead o Providing barriers to prevent contact. Knowledge & review of materials ad conductors and insulators are needed General indicators of Human resistance to Electric Current 8 – 15mA Pain 15-20mA Pain, loss of muscular control 20-100mA Intense pain & paralysis of breathing muscles; possible suffocation Excerpt from UP-NEC-ICPS 100-200mA Ventricular fibrillation which will cause death > 200mA is possible to come from a 220V convenience outlet III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Electrical Safety When working with Electrical equipment: NEVER ALWAYS Make repairs unless the power is off and Remove all conductors such as metal jewelry and unplugged from the circuit watches. Use equipment/ tools with frayed cords. Remove portable phones or other electronic devices. Operate, repair, submerge or work with Use required PPE such as insulated tools, gloves, and equipment in or around water floor mats. Keep your skin dry. III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Electrical Safety From: “29 safety failure that would give OSHA nightmares-fail blog ” From: “20 reasons why women live longer From: “29 safety failure that would give (cheezburger.com) than man” by-skirmante retrieved from OSHA nightmares-fail blog ” Bored Panda (cheezburger.com) III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Personal Protective Equipment-PPE -any Physical Material or Equipment that is placed between the Employee and Workplace Hazards o To be selected and provided to employees, where hazards cannot be sufficiently abated or removed. In OSH, defines- Personal protective Equipment and Devices (under Rule 1080) OSH mandates management to: – provide PPE and training for personnel – post areas requiring PPE with signs – ensure full compliance of employees, (in the safety program and/ or policies) III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Personal Protective Equipment-PPE Identified sources of Hazards (by OHS committee) i. Impact ii. Noise iii. Heat iv. Electrical v. Penetration vi. Chemical vii. Dust viii. Material Handling From: “47 reasons why women live longer than men” by-Gabulaite retrieved from Bored Panda From: “Safety failures that OSHA would prefer not be a thing” retrieved from (cheezburger.com) III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Personal Protective Equipment-PPE Excerpt from UP-NEC-ICPS Excerpt from UP-NEC-ICPS From: “29 safety failure that would give OSHA nightmares-fail blog ” (cheezburger.com) III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Personal Protective Equipment-PPE From: “Safety failures that OSHA would prefer not be a thing” retrieved from From: “20 reasons why women live longer (cheezburger.com) than man” by-skirmante retrieved from Bored Panda From: “OSHA Defying moments of safety failure” retrieved from (cheezburger.com) III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Personal Protective Equipment-PPE Eye & Face Protection safety glasses goggles Face shields Welding goggles Welding shields Images excerpt from ILO OSH III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Gloves w/ thick latex coated palm Personal Protective Equipment-PPE Head Protection: Hard Hats (per ANSI Z89.1-1997) Hand Protection (Note: there are no ANSI standards for gloves) Hard Hats Heavy duty gloves Images excerpt from ILO OSH Images excerpt from Yale ESH III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Personal Protective Equipment- Earmuffs PPE Boots and Shoes Hearing Protection Safety shoes & boots Earplugs Images excerpt from ILO OSH Images excerpt from ILO OSH III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Body harness & lanyards Personal Protective Equipment-PPE Respiratory Protection (Is covered extensively in ANSI Z88.2-1059) Body Harness and Lifelines Respirator Life lines Images excerpt from ILO OSH Images excerpt from ILO OSH III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Personal Protective Equipment-PPE High Visibility Clothing/jacket Hi-viz jacket with Lightweight Hi-viz reflective tape waistcoat Images excerpt from ILO OSH III. SITE SAFETY REGULATIONS & FRAMEWORK Personal Protective Equipment-PPE Training Areas for PPE When to wear PPE What PPE is to be worn How to Don, Doff and adjust PPE Limitation s of PPE Care and Maintenance of PPE Useful life and disposal of PPE Cleaning and Maintenance for PPEs All PPE must be kept clean and properly maintained PPE should be inspected, cleaned at regular intervals PPE shall not be shared between employees until it has been properly cleaned and sanitized Images excerpt from ILO OSH SELF-ASSESSMENT What are the typical benefits of a safety and health program in a construction site? Describe a situation and corresponding implications if an untoward incident happens on a construction site. What are the site safety standard elements? Give a description of each. What are the major areas of consideration for safety and health in a construction site? Identify the typical precautionary measures in each of the major areas provided. Truth forever on the scaffold, wrong forever on the throne- yet that scaffold sways the future and behind the dim unknown, standeth God within the shadow, keeping watch above His own. -James Russell Lowell REFERENCES o DOLE DO 13 series of 1998. Guideline Governing Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction Industry. Philippines. o DOLE. Occupational Safety and Health Standards, as amended, OSHC-DOLE, Manila, 2019. o ILO Construction OS&H. Personal Protective Clothing & Equipment. o Leigh, J.P. Economic Burden of Occupational Injury and Illness in the United States. Milbank Quarterly. o Oberlender, Garold D., Project Management for Engineering and Construction, 2nd ed. Mcgraw Hill, 2000 o OSHA. Recommend Practices for Safety & Health Programs in Construction. 0SHA 3886, USA, 2016. o UP-NEC Construction Management Course. Introduction to Construction Project Safety. UP-Diliman, 2019.