Construction Safety and Health - Occupational Safety and Health

Construction Occupational Safety and Health Engr. Loren Margaret C. Palad, RCE, RSE, M.ASCE, ISSMGE Technological Institute of the Philippines Faculty - Department of Civil Engineering Main Objectives Identify the leading causes of accidents in the construction sites...

Construction Occupational Safety and Health Engr. Loren Margaret C. Palad, RCE, RSE, M.ASCE, ISSMGE Technological Institute of the Philippines Faculty - Department of Civil Engineering Main Objectives Identify the leading causes of accidents in the construction sites Assess the importance of safety and health in the construction industry Explain the importance of occupational safety and health training Explain the importance of recognizing the present safety and health situations in the construction industry Explain how the implementation of occupational safety and health (OSH) programs can protect workers and the general public in the construction projects from the pandemic caused by COVID-19 virus. GLOBAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SITUATIONER Labor Organizatio 279 MILLION Accidents reported n Report 350,000 Fatal injuries 160 million Work-related illness 4 / 70 al Labor 2 million Workers die every Organizatio year n > 100,000 Report Work fatalities every month > 5,000 work fatalities every minute 5 / 70 Report in 2 million the Workers die every year Constructio n > 100,000 Work fatalities Industry every month > 5,000 work fatalities every minute 6 / 70  Philippines 2. Occupational accidents and 0 Die each year from work- diseases cause human suffering Million Filipino Worker related accidents and and loss. disease 2022 CANEUP | All Rights Reserved 7 / 70  Introduction Slide Studies substantiate that OSH conditions in micro-firms and the informal sector pose risks and 17 OF hazards. 17 of 18 persons in the nation’s workforce of 38.8 M WORKFORCE 18 PERSONS 38.8 million do not benefit from acceptable working conditions. 2018 | LANDMARK | All Rights Reserved 8 / 70  The ILO Country Office for the Philippines (CO-Manla) supports programmes to promote a culture of safety and health that bring OSH Philippine services to those that need them the most. A range of government and s non-government agencies are partners, with beneficiaries that include agrarian reform farmers, informal workers and trade unions and their members. The office works with constituents – governments, workers and employers organizations to promote ratification of the Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and 9 / 70 Health Convention, 2006  A national occupational safety and health culture is one in which the right to a safe and Philippine healthy working environment is s respected at all levels. The governments, employers and workers actively participate in securing a safe and healthy working environment through a system of defined rights, responsibilities and duties, and where the highest priority10is/ 70  A work system is a system in which human participants and/or machines perform work (processes and activities) using information, technology, and other resources to produce products/services for internal or external customers are very important when it comes to Health and Safety. SYSTEMS They are an important part of Risk Assessments, OF WORK and help to achieve a controlled completion of work with minimum risk. A Safe System of Work is a formal procedure which results from systematic examination of a task in order to identify all the hazards.It defines safe methods to ensure all hazards are eliminated or risks minimised.  Four (4) key work system: PEOPLE equipmen t are people who anything kept, perform the furnished, or work provided for a specific purpose. the act of equipping a person or thing 2022 CANEUP | All Rights Reserved 12 / 70  Four (4) key work system: material environm the elements, ent includes the constituents, or organizational, substances of cultural, which competitive, something is technical, and composed or regulatory can be made environment within which the work system operates 2022 CANEUP | All Rights Reserved 13 / 70  WOR K ACCI DENT 2022 CANEUP | All Rights Reserved 14 / 70  YOUR STATEMENT HERE A wonderful serenity has taken 01 possession of my entire soul, like / FALLS these sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my whole heart. I am 02 / Falling 03 / Construction workers alone, often and feel perform the charm of their existence Debris Tools, building materials, pieces of Electrocutions Until construction is complete, jobs frominhigh places this spot such as scaffolding, scaffolding, or other supplies can do there are often exposed wires, rooftops, or ladders. Falling from high serious damage if they fall from unfinished electrical systems, places is the number one most common significant heights and land on a worker. and downed power lines. construction accident, causing almost 35% of construction injuries. 15 / 70  YOUR STATEMENT HERE 04 A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul, like / Explosions these sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my whole heart. I am 05 / Slip and 06 / Machinery or burns Even if exposed wires alone, and feeldothe not electrocute charm of existence falls Construction sites often have extra accidents Construction workers regularly anyone, they still in this spotmay spark explosions materials, tools, and debris lying around operate large and/or dangerous or fires. Gas leaks can pose a similar over which workers could trip. Moreover, machinery, such as threat, as well. there are often slippery surfaces that can jackhammers, cranes, cause slip and falls. bulldozers, or even smaller power tools like nail guns and drills, all of which may16 / 70 cause serious injury.  YOUR STATEMENT HERE 07 09 A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul, like / Getting trapped in these sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my whole heart. I am 08 / Trench or byThis a vehicle / Getting hit between materials Even if materials alone, anddo not feel fall the and directly charm of existence ground collapses Trenches and other excavations are often is a common accident on strike a in worker, they this spot can trap a worker necessary for building sites. However, highway construction sites, when between a wall and the material, causing this causes the ground and surrounding speeding or distracted drivers hit broken ribs or cutting off a worker’s areas to be unstable and can collapse on workers with their vehicles. oxygen intake. workers who may be in or around the trench. 17 / 70 YOUR STATEMENT HERE 10 / Overexertion Construction crews often work long hours in the elements, including extreme heat and humidity. This can cause injury from dehydration, fainting, or even strokes. 18 / 70 YOUR STATEMENT HERE Mandato ry Reporting system Voluntar y Reporting system 19 / 70  UNSAFE ACT UNSAFE CONDITION ▪ Unsafe/Unhealthy Act – a violation of safe procedure ❑ Act of omission ❑ Act of commission ▪ Unsafe/Unhealthy Condition – seen as a physical or chemical property in the material ▪ Unsafe /Unhealthy Act - Any act that deviates from a generally recognized safe way or specified method of doing a job and which increases the probabilities for an accident. ▪ Unsafe/Unhealthy Condition - The physical or chemical property of a material, machine or the environment that may result in injury to a person, damage or destruction to property and other losses;  FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO UNSAFE/UNHEALTHY ACTS 01 Unaware 02 Unable 03 Unmotivated ▪ No or lack of knowledge Not trained Insufficient training Improper training Communication barrier  FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO UNSAFE/UNHEALTHY ACTS 01 Unaware 02 Unable 03 Unmotivated ▪ No or lack of knowledge ▪ Lack of skills Not trained Lack of no experience Insufficient training Limited understanding Improper training ▪ Physical limitation Communication barrier Defective eyesight Muscular weakness due to fatigue Impaired hearing Short in height Too tall in height Slow reactions  FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO UNSAFE/UNHEALTHY ACTS 01 Unaware 02 Unable 03 Unmotivated ▪ No or lack of knowledge ▪ Lack of skills ▪ Improper attitude Not trained Lack of no experience Insufficient training Limited understanding Improper training ▪ Physical limitation Communication barrier Defective eyesight Muscular weakness due to fatigue Impaired hearing Short in height Too tall in height Slow reactions  THEORIES OF ACCIDENT CAUSATION DOMINO THEORY ▪ Ancestry & social environment (negative character traits leads to unsafe behavior can be inherited) ▪ Fault of person ▪ Unsafe act/mechanical or physical hazard ▪ Accident ▪ Injury  THEORIES OF ACCIDENT CAUSATION ENERGY RELEASE THEORY ▪ Theory which compares the rate of release of energy and relates to the kind of and severity of injuries. ▪ The first step is to prevent the marshalling of energy by reducing the amount needed and/or providing vent release mechanisms. ▪ The next step would be to install control methods that modify the release rate which can be accomplished with the use of space (distance) and time. ▪ For example, a fixed barrier guard separates space by not allowing workers or machinery to reach a point of operation.  THEORIES OF ACCIDENT CAUSATION MULTIPLE CAUSATION THEORY ▪ This theory purports that multiple factors combine in random fashion (any given order) and come together at the intersection point to produce an accident. ▪ Man ▪ Media (environment) ▪ Machine ▪ Management  THEORIES OF ACCIDENT CAUSATION HUMAN FACTORS THEORY ▪ Overload: Capacity - abilities ▪ Environmental factors (e.g noise) ▪ Internal factors (e.g. personal problems) ▪ Situational factors (e.g. risk) ▪ Inappropriate response ▪ Know about the hazard but not doing anything about it ▪ Removing safeguards ▪ Ignoring safety rules ▪ Inappropriate activities ▪ Not trained to do the job that is being done ▪ Not judging the degree of risk correctly  THEORIES OF ACCIDENT CAUSATION ENERGY RELEASE THEORY ▪ Theory which compares the rate of release of energy and relates to the kind of and severity of injuries. ▪ The first step is to prevent the marshalling of energy by reducing the amount needed and/or providing vent release mechanisms. ▪ The next step would be to install control methods that modify the release rate which can be accomplished with the use of space (distance) and time. ▪ For example, a fixed barrier guard separates space by not allowing workers or machinery to reach a point of operation.  NATIONAL POLICY Subtitle Here Right of workers to a safe and healthy working environment A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul, like these sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my whole heart. 2022 CANEUP | All Rights Reserved 29 / 70  al Safety and Health Standards Subtitle Here A set of mandatory rules A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul, Objective: Protection of like these sweet mornings of all workers from work spring which I enjoy with my whole heart. hazards and risks Coverage: All workplaces except mines 2022 CANEUP | All Rights Reserved 30 / 70  al Safety and Health Standards Republic Act No. 11058 Subtitle Here A wonderful serenity has taken President Duterte has signed into possession of my entire soul, law the measure which ensures a like these sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my safe and healthful workplace for whole heart. workers by affording them full protection against all hazards in their work environment on 17 August 2018, while the IRR was approved and signed by Secretary Silvestre H. Bello III on 06 December 2018. 2022 CANEUP | All Rights Reserved 31 / 70 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM “Construction safety and health program” refers to a set of detailed rules to cover the processes and practices that shall be utilized in a specific construction project site in conformity with the OSHS including the personnel responsible and the penalties for violations thereof.  DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 13 Series of 1998 GUIDELINES GOVERNING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY LEGAL Ensuring the protection and welfare of workers BASIS FOR employed in the construction industry Protection and welfare of the general public IMPLEMENTI within and around the immediate vicinity of any NG CSHP construction worksite as well as the promotion of harmonious employer-employee relationships in the construction industry Taking into consideration industry practices and applicable government requirement, the following guidelines are hereby issued for all concerned:  1.0 Statement of Commitment to Comply with OSH Requirements 2.0 Company Safety and Health Policy 3.0 Project Details 4.0 Construction Safety & Health Committee 5.0 Composition of Construction Safety and Health Committee (CSHC) ELEMENTS 6.0 Duties of the CSH Committee shall include but are not limited to the following: OF THE 7.0 Duties of the Safety Man/Officer 8.0 Dangerous Occurrence or Major Accident CSHP 9.0 Emergency Occupational Health Personnel and Facilities 10.0 Safety & Health Promotion & Education 11.0 Specialized Instruction and Trainings 12.0 Toolbox Meeting 13.0 Responsible for the Toolbox Meeting 14.0 Accident/Incident/Illnesses Investigation & Reporting 15.0 Conducting and documenting the accident/illnesses investigation  16.0 Compliance with Government Requirements 17.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 18.0 Protection of the General Public 19.0 Safety Signages 20.0 Construction Workers Skills Certification 21.0 Testing & Inspection of Construction Heavy Equipment ELEMENTS 22.0 Control Measures on Construction Activities OF THE 23.0 First-Aid, Health Care Medicines and Equipment Facilities CSHP 24.0 Workers Welfare Facilities 25.0 Medical Surveillance 26.0 Working Hour & Break Time 27.0 Construction Waste Disposal 28.0 Emergency Preparedness 29.0 Penalties/Sanctions 30.0 Attachments  16.0 Compliance with Government Requirements 17.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 18.0 Protection of the General Public 19.0 Safety Signages 20.0 Construction Workers Skills Certification 21.0 Testing & Inspection of Construction Heavy Equipment ELEMENTS 22.0 Control Measures on Construction Activities OF THE 23.0 First-Aid, Health Care Medicines and Equipment Facilities CSHP 24.0 Workers Welfare Facilities 25.0 Medical Surveillance 26.0 Working Hour & Break Time 27.0 Construction Waste Disposal 28.0 Emergency Preparedness 29.0 Penalties/Sanctions 30.0 Attachments  The services of the Occupational Safety and Health NATIONAL Center (OSHC) shall cover the preventive (primary, secondary, tertiary prevention) aspects of occupational OSH safety and health in every workplace, public or private.The Center shall serve as the authority on RESEARCH Occupational Safety and Health in the areas of research, training and information dissemination and PROGRAMM technical services. The Center shall undertake studies and researches on E OR all aspects of occupational safety and health. It shall focus on studies: INSTITUTE 1. to prevent and reduce occupational and work-related injuries and illnesses; 2. to continuously review and support the updating of the list of occupational illnesses as prescribed in PD 626, Employees’ Compensation and State Insurance Fund; and 3. to aid standard setting and enforcement of OSH Standards.  “Certified first-aider” – refers to any person trained and duly SECTION certified to administer first aid by the Philippine Red Cross (PRC) or any organization authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Employment 3: “Competency Standards” – refers to industry-determined specification of proficiency required for effective work DEFINITI performance. “Covered Workplaces” – refers to establishments, projects, ON sites and all other places where work is being undertaken wherein the number of employees, nature of operations and OF risk or hazard involved in the business require compliance “Low risk establishment” - refers to a workplace where there is TERMS low level of danger or exposure to safety and health hazards and not likely or with low probability to result in accident, harm or injury, or illness. SECTION 3: “Medium risk establishment”- refers to a workplace where there is moderate exposure to safety and health hazards and with probability of an accident, injury or illness, if no preventive or DEFINITI control measures are in place. “High risk establishment”- refers to a workplace wherein the ON presence of hazard or potential hazard within the company may affect the safety and/or health of workers not only within OF but also persons outside the premises of the workplace (e.g. construction, mining, petrochemical, etc.) TERMS SECTION Information materials used pursuant to this Section shall be 5: made readily available and accessible to workers. New-hired workers shall be provided instructions, orientations and WORKER trainings prior to start of work. The instructions, orientations, and trainings shall be properly documented by the employer, and shall be included in the permanent records of the worker in S’ RIGHT the establishment. The workers’ OSH seminar and other trainings/orientations as TO required by the employer and by any law shall be at no cost on the worker and considered as compensable working time. KNOW SECTION 6: The worker has the right of refusal to work without threat or WORKERS’ reprisal from the employer if, as determined by the DOLE, an imminent danger situation exists. The employer or safety RIGHT TO officer cannot require the workers to return to work where there is continuing imminent danger to life or health. REFUSE Workers affected by the existence of an imminent danger situation may be temporarily assigned to other areas within the TO workplace provided there is no impending issue with safety and health. UNSAFE WORK SECTION 7: WORKERS Workers and their representatives shall have the right to report accidents, dangerous occurrences, and hazards to the ’ RIGHT employer, to the DOLE and to other concerned government agencies exercising jurisdiction as the competent authority in TO the specific industry or economic activity. There shall be no retaliation from the part of the employer pursuant to the REPORT reporting of any accident. ACCIDENT S SECTION 8: WORKERS’ The cost of the PPE shall be part of the safety and health program which is a separate pay item pursuant to Section 20 of RIGHT TO this Rules. PERSONAL All PPE shall be of the appropriate type as tested and approved by the DOLE based on its standards. The usage of PROTECTI PPE in all establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall be based on the VE evaluation and recommendation of the safety officer. EQUIPMEN T (PPE)  In the implementation of OSH program, the required safety officers shall be employed or designated with the following duties and responsibilities: Oversee the overall management of the OSH program in coordination with the OSH committee; Frequently monitor and inspect any health or safety aspect of SECTION 14: the operation being undertaken with the participation of supervisors and workers; SAFETY Assist government inspectors in the conduct of safety and OFFICER health inspection at any time whenever work is being performed or during the conduct of an accident investigation by providing necessary information and OSH reports as required by the OSH standards; and Issue Work Stoppage Order (WSO) when necessary based on the requirements and procedures provided by the OSH standards. SECTION 14: SAFETY OFFICER Prescribed Training on OSH Minimum OSH Experience SAFETY OFFICER Mandatory eight (8)-hour OSH 1 orientation course and - Two (2) - hour trainers’ training (S01) SECTION 14: SAFETY OFFICER Prescribed Training on OSH Minimum OSH Experience SAFETY OFFICER Mandatory forty (40)-hour basic 2 OSH training course applicable - to the industry (S02) SECTION 14: SAFETY OFFICER Prescribed Training on OSH Minimum OSH Experience a) Mandatory forty (40)-hour basic b) OSH training course SAFETY applicable to the industry; OFFICER c) Additional forty-eight (48) At least two hours of (2) 3 advanced/specialized years of (S03) occupational safety training experience in course relevant to the OSH industry; AND d) Other requirements as prescribed by the OSH standards. SECTION 14: SAFETY OFFICER Prescribed Training on OSH Minimum OSH Experience a) a. Mandatory forty (40)-hour OSH training course applicable to the industry; b) Additional eighty (80) hours of advanced/specialized occupational safety training course relevant to SAFETY the industry; OFFICER c) An aggregate of three hundred Actual experience twenty (320) hours of OSH related as SO3 for at least 4 training or experience (additional four (4) years (S04) training may be converted to years of experience where eighty hours of training may equal to one year of experience and vice versa.); AND d) Other requirements as prescribed by the OSH standards. Minimum classification and number of safety officer for all covered workplaces shall be as follows: SAFETY OFFICER 4 (S04) SECTION 15: OCCUPATION Covered workplaces shall have qualified occupational health AL HEALTH personnel such as certified first-aiders, nurses, dentists, and physicians duly complemented with the required medical PERSONNEL supplies, equipment and facilities. AND FACILITIES  The number of health personnel, which may be classified as full time (FT) or part-time (PT), equipment and TRAINING FOR facilities, and the amount of supplies shall be proportionate to the total number of workers and the risk OH PERSONNEL or hazard involved in the workplace, the ideal ratio of which shall be as follows: