Module 5 - Earth Science - Human Activities and Environment PDF

Earth Science Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600 Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; 442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS Email: [email protected]....

Earth Science Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600 Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; 442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MODULE V Earth Sci HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT Outline: 1. Ecosystem Services 2. Types of Solid Waste 3. Methods of Waste Disposal 4. The Resource Cycle 5. Waste Management Learning Objectives: After completing the module, the students should be able to:  describe how people generate different types of waste as they use various materials and resources;  explain how the different types of waste affect people’s health and the environment; and  cite ways of reducing the production of waste at home, in school, and around the community. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES  Environment- refers to everything that surrounds a living organism, including physical factors such as air, water, and soil and biological factors such as living organisms— flora and fauna  Ecosystem- a community of organisms interacting with each other and with the abiotic or nonliving components of the environment  Ecosystem services- refer to the direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human survival and quality of life Types of Ecosystem Services 1. Support services - include the cycling of vital nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus— minerals that are essential for survival and can only be derived in their usable forms through the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, respectively. - may also include the decomposition of organic matter, cycling of water, and production of primary materials. 2. Provisioning services - provide the basic needs for survival— air, water, shelter, food and energy. 3. Regulating Services - benefits obtained by regulating the climate, hazards, and disease through processes such as sequestration— removal of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and storage in plants 4. Cultural Services - include nonmaterial benefits such as spiritual enrichment, cultural heritage, recreation, tourism, and the aesthetic experience that nature provides for humans.  Earth Science Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600 Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; 442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MODULE V Earth Sci www.pinterest.ph Human Activities Human activities such as land use changes, introduction of invasive species, resource exploitation, and pollution, directly affect the ecosystems. These activities also affect the biodiversity, as well as the quality of soil, water, and air. The burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity increases the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and is attributed to global warming Extensive and poorly-managed agricultural activities employed to provide food affect soil quality and create dead zones in bodies of water due to eutrophication caused by the discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers. www.techgape.com  Earth Science Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600 Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; 442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MODULE V Earth Sci TYPES OF SOLID WASTE Solid waste refers to all discarded household, commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris, agricultural waste and other non- hazardous/non-toxic solid waste (RA 9003). Furthermore, these are generally made up of objects or particles that accumulate on the site where they are produced. 1. Municipal Waste- materials that people in a community no longer want because they are broken, spoiled, or no longer useful. These types of waste come from households, commercial establishments, institutions, and some industrial sources. 2. Agricultural Waste- waste derived from farming and poultry. Too much agricultural waste in the form of fertilizers is deposited into bodies of water which can cause eutrophication. 3. Industrial Waste- from industrial sources other than mining. It includes a variety of materials such as demolition waste, scraps from manufacturing processes, and ash from combustion 4. Mining Waste- large amounts of rock and soil removed from extracted valuable ores; mine tailings from grinding and sorting which are then dumped and stored in ponds near milling site; water pumped from mines that flows from piles of waste rock or tailings that contain hazardous materials. wastemanagementreview.com.au www.colourbox.com www.eesigroup.com southernwasteandrecycling.com  Earth Science Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600 Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; 442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MODULE V Earth Sci METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL 1. Landfill- constructed above an impermeable clay layer that is lined with an impermeable membrane where every deposit of fresh garbage is covered with a layer of soil to prevent it from blowing around. It is the cheapest and the most convenient method. However, the threat of ground water contamination reduces the use of this practice. 2. Incineration- involves burning in a controlled manner. During incineration, the waste material being treated is converted into gas, particles, and heat. These products are later used to generate electricity. These gases must be treated again to eradicate pollutants before they are released to the atmosphere. 3. Mulch and compost- method of allowing the natural process of decomposition to transform organic materials into humus-like material called compost. This is one of the simplest methods to dispose waste at homes. 4. Source reduction- refers to the method of designing, manufacturing, purchasing, using, and reusing materials so that the amount of waste or its toxicity is reduced. 5. Recycling- method of collecting throwaway materials and turning them into useful products. waste-management-world.com cindyisenhour.wordpress.com installitdirect.com ssnsingapore.org  Earth Science Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600 Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; 442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MODULE V Earth Sci THE RESOURCE CYCLE The Resource cycle is the process involving the transformation of a raw material into a usable or consumable product and its disposal. Steps: 1. Extraction of resources and raw materials through mining, cultivating, and/or harvesting; 2. The extracted materials are processed; 3. transported; 4. manufactured into new products; 5. delivered to or purchased by consumers; During these stages, waste can be generated. These wastes affect Earth’s subsystems— geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere— which provide the resources and raw materials. Reducing the demand of resources, minimizing waste and recycling and reusing of materials may help balance the production of resources and disposal of waste. link.springer.com  Earth Science Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600 Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; 442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MODULE V Earth Sci WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste management in homes, schools, communities, and industries can be done using the waste management hierarchy of options. usgbcwm.org References/ Materials: Leopoldo de Silva, Ph.D. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School Eart h Science, Commission on Higher Education,C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon City Olivar III, J.T., Rodolfo, R.S. & Cabria, H.B. (2016). Eart h Science. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Dear Future Generations: Sorry by Prince Ea https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRLJscAlk1M&t=293s Man vs. Earth by Prince Ea https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrzbRZn5Ed4&t=255s