Module 3: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells PDF

Module 3 Second Semester Task 1: Try this! Bacteria Animals Fungi Amoeba Plants  Lesson: Comparing Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell Cells fall into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The predominantly single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are...

Module 3 Second Semester Task 1: Try this! Bacteria Animals Fungi Amoeba Plants  Lesson: Comparing Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell Cells fall into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The predominantly single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are classified as prokaryotes (pro– = before; –karyon– = nucleus). Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes (eu– = true). Components of Prokaryotic Cell All cells share four common components: 1) a plasma membrane, an outer covering that separates the cell’s interior from its surrounding environment; 2) cytoplasm, consisting of a jelly-like region within the cell in which other cellular components are found; 3) DNA, the genetic material of the cell; and 4) ribosomes, particles that synthesize proteins.  A prokaryotic cell is a simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle. Prokaryotic DNA is found in the central part of the cell: a darkened region called the nucleoid  Components of Eukaryotic Cell What are the key features of eukaryotic cells? Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have: 1. A membrane-bound nucleus, a central cavity surrounded by membrane that houses the cell’s genetic material. 2. A number of membrane-bound organelles, compartments with specialized functions that float in the cytosol. (Organelle means “little organ,” and this name reflects that the organelles, like the organs of our body, have unique functions as part of a larger system.) 3. Multiple linear chromosomes, as opposed to the single circular chromosome of a prokaryote.  A eukaryote is an organism made up of one or more eukaryotic cells. All multicellular organisms are made of eukaryotic cells. The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is found in an internal compartment of the cell called the nucleus. All eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles. An organelle is a small structure found in the cytoplasm that carries out specific activities inside the cell. Each organelle in a eukaryotic cell performs distinct functions. The complex organization of eukaryotic cells enables them to carry out more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells. 1. There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. Both cells share four common components such as plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA and ribosomes. 3. Prokaryotic cells are small and simple. They lack nucleus and membrane bound organelles. 4. Eukaryotic cell contains nucleus and may organelles. 5. The prokaryotic cell is approximately 10x smaller than eukaryotic cell. 6. Two cells differ from size and complexity. 7. Organelle is a tiny organ which has a specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell. 8. Nucleus is a structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA. Assessment. Write the answer to these questions in complete sentences. 1. The cell shown below is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic. cell. How do you know? 2. Which of these structures do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? List all that apply a. nucleus b. cell wall c. organelles d. plasma membrane e. ribosomes 3. DNA is the genetic code of all organisms. Describe the location of DNA in both types of cells. 4. Compare the sizes of a typical prokaryote verses a eukaryote. 5. In paragraph form, compare and contrast the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Write TRUE if the statement is correct, otherwise if it is false, change the underlined words to make the statement correct. 6. Prokaryotic cell has a membrane bound nucleus. 7. Eukaryotic cell is 20x bigger than prokaryotic cell. 8. Eukaryotic cell has a membrane bound organelles. 9. DNA can be found in cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell. 10. DNA can be found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell. 11. Plant cell is an example of eukaryotic cell. 12. Eukaryotes contain DNA and ribosomes. 13. Prokaryotic is bigger than eukaryotic cell. 14. The cell wall acts as an extra layer of protection. 15. Prokaryotic cells are small and simple.