Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells.pptx

Prokaryotic 12th Grade Cells Vs. Eukaryotic Cells General Biology 1 Prepared by: Ms. Hannah Pauline R. Catapang OBJECTIVES 1. I can distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their distinguishin...

Prokaryotic 12th Grade Cells Vs. Eukaryotic Cells General Biology 1 Prepared by: Ms. Hannah Pauline R. Catapang OBJECTIVES 1. I can distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their distinguishing features Rebus Puzzle Haploid  Rebus Puzzle some Chromosomes Rebus Puzzle Membrane Rebus Puzzle UM Flagellum Rebus Puzzle T PARENT  Rebus Puzzle AUTOSOMES Rebus Puzzle TUBE PROTIST  Most living things you know such as animals and plants … are multicellular organisms Some living things are made up of only single cell. Single-celled or unicellular organisms include the… bacteria, some protists, and some fungi. Can a single cell performs all the functions of life?  Yes, even though they are composed of single cells, these organisms carry out all the functions necessary for life. In different organisms, cells also vary in sizes, shapes, parts, and functions. But they all have one thing in common: They make up all living things and they are living. Coccobacillus Spirilla What is the largest cell in the human body? What is the world’s largest cell (by volume)? What is the world’s longest cell? What are the two kinds of organisms?  Difference Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Unicellular Organisms  They are living things that is made up of only one cell.  Most common example: Bacteria  Also called as prokaryotes Microscopic Reproductio n occurs via budding and binary fission. Prokaryoti c Cell Structure  Where do prokaryotes use their flagella? Flagella  - Flagella are primarily used for cell movement. Cytoplasm  - Prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm, in which the organelles are suspended. Cytoplasm contains cytosol. Plasmid  - Plasmid is a small, often circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and other cells. - It’s for transferring information. - They act as delivery vehicles, or vectors, to introduce foreign DNA into bacteria. Cell wall  - Made up of peptidoglycan - Gives bacteria their shape - Prevents the bursting of the cells - Protective barrier against physical damage Ribosome  - Only organelle found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. - It serves as the site of biological protein synthesis Proteins being basic building blocks of all the living cells, so its synthesis is necessary.  Cell or Plasma Membrane  - It controls what enters and leaves the cell. - It separates the cell from the outside environment. Capsule  surrounds the cell wall called the capsule. - Helps prokaryotes cling to each other and to various surfaces in their environment, and also helps prevent the cell from drying out. Pili - Pili are short, hair-like structures on the cell surface of prokaryotic cells. - They can have a role in movement, but are more often involved in adherence to surfaces. Nucleoid (DNA)  The nucleoid (meaning nucleus- like) is an irregularly-shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material.  Prokaryotic Cell Single-celled organisms that have nonmembrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, and all other organelles. This means the genetic material DNA in prokaryotes is not bound within a nucleus. Prokaryotes are typically haploid, usually having a single circular chromosome found in the nucleoid.  Are haploid cells found in In humans,humans? only the egg and sperm cells, or the gametes are haploid. Where in the human body are They haploid cells produced? are produced in the testes in the males and in the ovaries in the females. Multicellular Organisms Structure  Eukaryotic Cell They are also called as Eukaryotes.  Eukaryotic Cell They are macroscopic.  Eukaryotic Cell They uses many different cells in order to function.  Eukaryotic Cell Reproduction occurs via gamete fusion.  Eukaryotic Cell Organisms with cells that contain membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane- bound organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and chloroplast found in photosynthetic organisms such as algae and plants.  Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotes are diploid, which means they have two sets of chromosomes; one set of chromosomes is inherited from each parent. What is diploid?  Prokaryotic Cell What is the example diploid cell? Somatic cells are diploid. How does diploid cells created in a human The somatic body? cells are formed through a particular kind of cell division called mitosis.