Senior High School Quarter 1- Module 2: Culture and Society PDF

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Quarter 1- Module 2 Analyze the Concept, Aspects and Changes in/of Culture and Society Department of Education Republic of the Philippines Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1- Module 2:...

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Quarter 1- Module 2 Analyze the Concept, Aspects and Changes in/of Culture and Society Department of Education Republic of the Philippines Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1- Module 2: Analyze the Concept, Aspects and Changes in/of Culture and society First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Assistant Secretary: Alma Ruby C. Torio Development Team of the Module Author: Jorey L. Ludeña Content Editor: Jennifer O. Pacamalan and Mark Chilou M. Omandac Language Editor: Cristina Blanca Niza R. Elarmo, PhD and Ma. Romila D. Uy Proofreader : Janeth U. Sarsuelo Illustrator: Eldefonso C. Lagulay Layout Artist: Ivy O. Niñeza and Jun Rey G. Poblete Development Team: Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III Regional Director Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V Assistant Regional Director Jonathan S. dela Peña, PhD, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent Rowena H. Para-on, PhD Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD Members: Neil A. Improgo, PhD, EPS-LRMS; Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., PhD, EPS-ADM; Erlinda G. Dael, PhD, CID Chief; Ferminia M. Labis, EPS (Araling Panlipunan); Celieto B. Magsayo, LRMS Manager; Loucile L. Paclar, Librarian II; Kim Eric G. Lubguban, PDO II Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM) Office Address: Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro City, Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis Oriental Telefax: E-mail Address: i  SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Quarter 1- Module 3 Analyze the Concept, Aspects and Changes in/of Culture and Society This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at [email protected]. We value your feedback and recommendations. Department of Education Republic of the Philippines ii iii  TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Overview 1 Content 1 Competencies 1 Pretest 2 Lesson 1 Activity 1 3 Activity 2 5 Activity 3 5 Activity 4 6 Activity 5 7 Lesson 2 Activity 1 8 Activity 2 9 Activity 3 10 Activity 4 11 Post Test 12 Answer Key 13 References 14 iv  WHAT I NEED TO KNOW For the Learners Congratulations! You have completed the previous module! You are now ready for the next step which is learning how to analyse the concept, aspects and changes of culture and society and also be able to explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. Have some fun to learn more effectively, enjoy learning. Good luck! Module Content My dear learner, welcome to the second module! This module will help you understand the concepts, aspects and changes of culture and society. It will also explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. You will be equipped with the skills needed in this fast changing world. The knowledge you will gain from this module will enhance your ideas upon relating to the changes of culture and society, thus will improve your in- depth understanding of culture and social aspects on our very own life setting. These are the competencies included in this module: 1. Analyze the concept, aspects and changes of culture and society (UCSP11/12DCSIc-8 ) 2. Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. (UCSP11/12DCSId-10 ) 1  WHAT I KNOW (PRETEST) This activity will enable you to assess your prior knowledge from the topic that will be discussed in this lesson. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your activity notebook. 1. It is the ability to understand a culture on its own terms and not to make judgments using the standards of one's own culture. A. Sociological view B. Culture C. Cultural relativism D. Society 2. It refers to a group or community which shares common experiences that shapes the way its members understand the world. A. Politics B. Society C. Political Science D. Culture 3. It is anything that is used to stand for something else. A. Symbols B. Norms C. Artifacts D. Language 4. Refers to a system of words and symbols used to communicate with other people. A. Symbols B. Norms C. Artifacts D. Language 5. It refers to valuable tools for exploring the past and using them to understand the past. A. Values B. Norms C. Artifacts D. Language 6. These are rules or expectations of behaviour and thoughts based on shared beliefs within a specific cultural or social group. A. Values B. Norms C. Artifacts D. Language 7. Refers to all alterations affecting new traits or trait complexes and changes in a cultures content and structure. A. Cultural change B. Social change C. Political change D. Sociological change 8. A variations or modifications in the patterns of social organization of sub groups within society. A. Cultural change B. Social change C. Political change D. Sociological change 9. Cultural relativism teaches us that, marriage patterns are__________, not objective truth. A. Social option B. Political option C. Cultural option D. Socio-cultural option 10. It is a person's principles or standards of behaviour. A. Values B. Norms C. Artifacts D. Language 2  Lesson Analyse the Concept, Aspects and Changes of Culture and Society 1 (UCSP11/12DCSIc-8) WHAT I NEED TO KNOW At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: ⚫ analyze the concept of culture and society; and ⚫ determine the aspects and changes of culture and society. WHAT’S NEW Activity 1. What I Think About This Directions: List down your observation about the given picture below. Write your observations in your activity notebook. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Source: https://cc.search.creativecommons.org/photos ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Source: https://cc.search.creativecommons.org/photos 3  WHAT IS IT What have you noticed on the pictures above? These have something to do with culture. ❖ Culture refers to a group or community which shares common experiences that shape the way its members understand the world. It includes groups that we are born into, such as race, national origin, gender, class, or religion. It can also include a group we join or become part of. ❖ Culture is a strong part of people's lives. It influences their views, values, humor, hopes, loyalties, worries and fears. It helps to have some perspective and understanding of their cultures. ❖ Culture and society defined, culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. ❖ Through culture, people and groups define themselves, conform to society's shared values, and contribute to society. ❖ The major elements of culture are symbols, language, norms, values, and artifacts. 1. A symbol is anything that is used to stand for something else. People who share a culture often attach a specific meaning to an object, gesture, sound, or image. For example, a cross is a significant symbol to Christians. It is not simply two pieces of wood attached to each other, nor is it just an old object of torture and execution. To Christians, it represents the basis of their entire religion, and they have great reverence for the symbol. 2. Language is a system of words and symbols used to communicate with other people. This includes full languages as we usually think of them, such as English, Spanish, French, etc. but, it also includes body language, slang, and common phrases that are unique to certain groups of people. 3. Systems of values are culturally defined standards for what is good or desirable. Members of the culture use the shared system of values to decide what is good and what is bad. Lanuza M. Gerry and Raymundo S. Sarah Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. 151 (2016). 4  WHAT’S MORE Activity 2. Alternating Flow Chart Directions: Using the alternating flow chart, write your opinion on the concept, aspects and changes of culture and society on a separate sheet of paper. This is an example: Processed Questions: 1. What are your findings/ opinions based on facts? 2. What are the positive effects of globalization? 3. How can you make the negative effects of globalization into positive one? Activity 3. Essay Writing Directions: Use the space below to explain the concept, aspects and changes of culture and society. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5 __________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________  WHAT I LEARNED Let Us Remember ⚫ Cultural artifact or artefact is a term used in the social sciences, particularly anthropology, ethnology, and sociology for anything created by humans which gives information about the culture of its creator and users. Artifacts are such valuable tools for exploring the past and using them to understand the past. Human values are essential in our life because they help us to grow and develop. It is a person's standards of behaviour, principles and own judgment. Some of the values, human treasures are honesty, love, happiness, and integrity. Social and cultural norms are rules or expectations of behaviour and thoughts based on shared beliefs within a specific cultural or social group. Social change - variations or modifications in the patterns of social organisation of sub groups within society Cultural change - refers to all alterations affecting new traits or trait complexes and changes in a cultures content and structure. Good work! You have finished another task! Are you excited to start a new one? Let us proceed now to the next activity. Good luck and enjoy. Great job! This time, it’s your turn to work on your own. Activity 4. Reflection Directions: In writing your reflection, you have to complete the sentence below. Write your answer in your activity notebook. I learned that_______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ I realized that_______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ If given a chance_____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Hello! At this point, I am sure that you are already familiar with the concepts, aspects and changes of culture and society. Now let’s further check your understanding of what these concepts are about through the following activities. 6  WHAT I CAN DO Activity 5. Slogan Making Directions: Create a slogan on your personal opinion or insights on the concepts, aspects and changes of culture and society. Illustrate your slogan in a ¼ size of illustration board with your explanation. Great job! You have finished the first part of this module. This time, let’s dig deeper into the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding by talking about their contributions to Philippine democracy. 7  MODULE 2 - LESSON 2 Hi! Welcome to the last part of this module. The first module introduced you to the world of culture and society. It guides you in tracing the roots of culture and society, and it provides you some detailed account on their contributions to this fast changing world. Are you ready to learn more? Lesson Explain the Importance of Cultural Relativism in Attaining Cultural Understanding. 2 (UCSP11/12DCSId-10) WHAT I NEED TO KNOW At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: define cultural relativism; and explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. WHAT’S NEW Activity 1. Complete Me Directions: Complete the diagram by supplying the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. Write your answer on your activity notebook. Questions: 1. What is the importance of cultural relativism? 2. How do you relate each of its importance? 3. Why do you think it is important to know cultural relativism? 8  WHAT IS IT Was it hard to complete the diagram? To give you an idea of what it is, read and understand the following concepts. ❖ Cultural relativism is the ability to understand a culture on its own terms and not to make judgments using the standards of one's own culture. ❖ The goal of this is to promote understanding of cultural practices that are not typically part of one's own culture. ❖ Cultural Relativism is important to anthropology and one of the things that makes anthropology unique because it is a tool, a method for attempting to see things from a multiplicity of viewpoints so as to better understand them. ❖ Cultural Relativism does not mean that anything a culture does is good or moral. This is one of the ones that confuse people. ❖ Cultural relativism teaches us that, marriage patterns are cultural options, not objective truth. ❖ Cultural Relativism doesn’t mean that cultures can’t be compared. There is sometimes a strange notion that there are no commonalities between cultures. ❖ This is one of the reasons why those trained in cultural anthropology are often great problem solvers for complex issues. WHAT’S MORE Activity 2. Stop and Reflect Directions: Create a table that shows a summary of what you have learned from the discussion above. Write your answer in your notebook. What Cultural Relativism is What Cultural Relativism is The importance of Cultural not Relativism 9  WHAT I CAN DO Activity 3. Conceptualize Me Directions: Use the given picture to conceptualize the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. Questions: 1. What can you say about the picture? 2. How the given words from the picture help you conceptualize the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding? You have finally reached the last part of this module. After learning and understanding the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding, please share your opinion and reaction about the lesson presented. Good luck! 10  SELF - TEST Activity 4. Essay Directions: Write in your activity notebook NOT MORE THAN 200 WORDS your understanding and observation. 1. Why do you think there is a need to understand cultural relativism in our society? Expound your answer by providing examples. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED The importance of understanding cultural relativism is to know one's own culture. Understanding this perspective of cultural relativism leads to the view that no culture is superior than another culture and the idea that culture can be compared in terms of law, politics, and systems has no bases at all. The concept that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another. Cultural relativism cannot be used to evaluate other cultures based on the ideas you believe in. An example is a country who specialized dried fried crickets for food and you think it is weird because it is not usual in your culture. Cultural relativism is an idea, that cultures must be examined, based on their own context and merits, not to be seen as customs and codes of other cultures. Cultural relativism is important in studying minority cultures, colonized cultures, and other traditions which belongs to another culture. Congratulations! You are now done with your module! I hope you are able to understand and explore the topics discussed. The principles will be used in your daily life. Good luck on your future endeavour. See you! 11  POST TEST Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your activity notebook. 1. It refers to all alterations affecting new traits or trait complexes and changes in a cultures content and structure. A. Cultural change B. Social change C. Political change D. Sociological change 2. It refers to valuable tools for exploring the past and using them to understand the past. A. Values B. Norms C. Artefacts D. Language 3. It is the ability to understand a culture on its own terms and not to make judgments using the standards of one's own culture. A. Sociological view B. Culture C. Cultural relativism D. Society 4. These are rules or expectations of behaviour and thoughts based on shared beliefs within a specific cultural or social group. A. Values B. Norms C. Artefacts D. Language 5. Cultural relativism teaches us that, marriage patterns are__________, not objective truth. A. Social option B. Political option C. Cultural option D. Socio-cultural option 6. It is a person's principles or standards of behaviour. A. Values B. Norms C. Artefacts D. Language 7. It refers to a group or community which shares common experiences that shape the way its members understand the world. A. Politics B. Society C. Political Science D. Culture 8. Refers to a system of words and symbols used to communicate with other people. A. Symbols B. Norms C. Artefacts D. Language 9. It is anything that is used to stand for something else. A. Symbols B. Norms C. Artefacts D. Language 10. It is a variations or modifications in the patterns of social organisation of sub groups within society. A. Cultural change B. Social change C. Political change D. Sociological change 12 ANSWER KEY: 13  REFERENCES: https://study.com/academy/lesson/elements-of-culture-definitions-and-ideal-real- culture.html. Accessed May 27, 2020 https://www.compellingtruth.org/cultural -relativism.html. Accessed May 27,2020 http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/culture-and-development/the-future- we-want-the-role-of-culture/the-two-sides-of-the-coin/. Accessed June 1,2020 https://www.google.com/search?ei=1A_ZXojJMJDT- Qbi547gCg&q=What+are+the+norms++in+culture+and+society&oq https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/culture/cultural-competence/culture-and- diversity/main. Accessed June 1, 2020 https://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.html Accessed June 1, 2020. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118895078.ch20 https://www.quora.com/Why-is-cultural-relativism-important-to-the-study-of- anthropology Accessed June 1, 2020. 14 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM) Office Address: Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro City, Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis Oriental Telefax: E-mail Address: 15