Module 1 Questions Part 3 - Biology Past Paper Questions PDF

**Section 1: Functions of Blood** 1. **Which of the following is not a function of blood?**\ a) Transport of oxygen\ b) Regulation of body pH\ c) Production of bile\ d) Maintenance of body temperature\ e) Protection against foreign substances\ **Answer: c) Production of bil...

**Section 1: Functions of Blood** 1. **Which of the following is not a function of blood?**\ a) Transport of oxygen\ b) Regulation of body pH\ c) Production of bile\ d) Maintenance of body temperature\ e) Protection against foreign substances\ **Answer: c) Production of bile** 2. **What is the normal pH range of blood?**\ a) 6.5--7.0\ b) 7.0--7.25\ c) 7.35--7.45\ d) 7.5--8.0\ e) 8.0--8.5\ **Answer: c) 7.35--7.45** 3. **How does blood maintain body temperature?**\ a) By shunting warm blood to the skin\ b) By storing heat in red blood cells\ c) By shunting warm blood to the interior of the body\ d) By absorbing heat from the environment\ e) By dissipating heat through platelet activity\ **Answer: c) By shunting warm blood to the interior of the body** 4. **Which component of blood provides protection against foreign substances?**\ a) Platelets\ b) White blood cells\ c) Red blood cells\ d) Plasma proteins\ e) Hemoglobin\ **Answer: b) White blood cells** **Section 2: Composition of Blood** 5. **What percentage of blood volume is plasma?**\ a) 35%\ b) 45%\ c) 55%\ d) 65%\ e) 75%\ **Answer: c) 55%** 6. **What is the primary component of plasma?**\ a) Proteins\ b) Nutrients\ c) Water\ d) Gases\ e) Ions\ **Answer: c) Water** 7. **Which plasma protein is involved in blood clotting?**\ a) Albumin\ b) Fibrinogen\ c) Globulin\ d) Thyroxine-binding protein\ e) Hemoglobin\ **Answer: b) Fibrinogen** 8. **What is the primary function of albumins in plasma?**\ a) Oxygen transport\ b) Osmotic pressure maintenance\ c) Blood clot formation\ d) Immune response\ e) Hormone secretion\ **Answer: b) Osmotic pressure maintenance** 9. **Which type of plasma protein is involved in immunity?**\ a) Albumins\ b) Fibrinogen\ c) Globulins\ d) Collagen\ e) Hemoglobin\ **Answer: c) Globulins** **Section 3: Formed Elements** 10. **Which type of blood cell lacks a nucleus?**\ a) Neutrophils\ b) Monocytes\ c) Erythrocytes\ d) Lymphocytes\ e) Basophils\ **Answer: c) Erythrocytes** 11. **What is the lifespan of red blood cells?**\ a) 60--90 days\ b) 90--120 days\ c) 120--150 days\ d) 150--180 days\ e) 180--210 days\ **Answer: b) 90--120 days** 12. **What is the primary function of red blood cells?**\ a) Blood clotting\ b) Immune defense\ c) Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide\ d) Production of antibodies\ e) Hormone secretion\ **Answer: c) Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide** 13. **What are the two main types of white blood cells?**\ a) Lymphocytes and thrombocytes\ b) Erythrocytes and leukocytes\ c) Granulocytes and agranulocytes\ d) Basophils and platelets\ e) Neutrophils and lymphocytes\ **Answer: c) Granulocytes and agranulocytes** 14. **Which type of white blood cell is the most abundant?**\ a) Basophils\ b) Eosinophils\ c) Neutrophils\ d) Monocytes\ e) Lymphocytes\ **Answer: c) Neutrophils** 15. **Platelets are fragments of which type of cell?**\ a) Erythroblast\ b) Megakaryocyte\ c) Hemocytoblast\ d) Myeloblast\ e) Monoblast\ **Answer: b) Megakaryocyte** **Section 4: Hemoglobin and Gas Transport** 16. **What element is essential for oxygen binding in hemoglobin?**\ a) Calcium\ b) Magnesium\ c) Iron\ d) Zinc\ e) Copper\ **Answer: c) Iron** 17. **Which type of hemoglobin is bound to oxygen?**\ a) Deoxyhemoglobin\ b) Carbaminohemoglobin\ c) Oxyhemoglobin\ d) Myoglobin\ e) Methemoglobin\ **Answer: c) Oxyhemoglobin** 18. **What enzyme in red blood cells facilitates the conversion of CO₂ and H₂O into bicarbonate?**\ a) Carbonic anhydrase\ b) Amylase\ c) Catalase\ d) Oxidase\ e) Lipase\ **Answer: a) Carbonic anhydrase** **Section 5: Hematopoiesis** 19. **All formed elements in the blood are derived from\...**\ a) Myeloblasts\ b) Hematopoietic stem cells\ c) Erythroblasts\ d) Lymphoblasts\ e) Megakaryoblasts\ **Answer: b) Hematopoietic stem cells** 20. **Which precursor cell gives rise to red blood cells?**\ a) Lymphoblasts\ b) Proerythroblasts\ c) Myeloblasts\ d) Monoblasts\ e) Megakaryoblasts\ **Answer: b) Proerythroblasts** 21. **What hormone stimulates red blood cell production?**\ a) Insulin\ b) Erythropoietin\ c) Calcitonin\ d) Hemoglobin\ e) Somatostatin\ **Answer: b) Erythropoietin** **Section 6: White Blood Cells and Immunity** 22. **Which white blood cell is primarily responsible for fighting bacterial infections?**\ a) Basophils\ b) Eosinophils\ c) Neutrophils\ d) Monocytes\ e) Lymphocytes\ **Answer: c) Neutrophils** 23. **Which white blood cell becomes a macrophage in tissues?**\ a) Neutrophils\ b) Lymphocytes\ c) Monocytes\ d) Eosinophils\ e) Basophils\ **Answer: c) Monocytes** 24. **Lymphocytes are divided into which two main types?**\ a) B cells and T cells\ b) Neutrophils and eosinophils\ c) Monocytes and macrophages\ d) Platelets and erythrocytes\ e) Granulocytes and agranulocytes\ **Answer: a) B cells and T cells** **Section 7: Hemostasis** 25. **What is the first step in hemostasis?**\ a) Platelet plug formation\ b) Coagulation\ c) Vascular spasm\ d) Fibrinolysis\ e) Blood clot retraction\ **Answer: c) Vascular spasm** 26. **What protein forms the meshwork in blood clots?**\ a) Collagen\ b) Albumin\ c) Globulin\ d) Fibrin\ e) Thrombin\ **Answer: d) Fibrin** 27. **What is the function of platelets during hemostasis?**\ a) Transport oxygen\ b) Form platelet plugs\ c) Produce hemoglobin\ d) Stimulate erythropoiesis\ e) Increase plasma viscosity\ **Answer: b) Form platelet plugs** **Section 8: Hemoglobin Breakdown** 28. **What happens to red blood cells after 120 days in circulation?**\ a) They are recycled by the liver\ b) They are broken down by macrophages in the spleen\ c) They are absorbed by the intestines\ d) They are excreted through urine\ e) They are converted into white blood cells\ **Answer: b) They are broken down by macrophages in the spleen** 29. **What is the fate of the globin portion of hemoglobin?**\ a) Excreted in bile\ b) Converted to bilirubin\ c) Broken down into amino acids\ d) Stored in the spleen\ e) Used to transport carbon dioxide\ **Answer: c) Broken down into amino acids** 30. **The heme portion of hemoglobin is broken down into\...**\ a) Bilirubin and iron\ b) Uric acid and iron\ c) Urea and iron\ d) Bile salts and calcium\ e) Amino acids and nitrogen\ **Answer: a) Bilirubin and iron** 31. **Which substance is a breakdown product of heme that is excreted in bile?**\ a) Uric acid\ b) Creatinine\ c) Bilirubin\ d) Lactic acid\ e) Ammonia\ **Answer: c) Bilirubin** **Section 9: Gas Transport** 32. **What percentage of oxygen is transported bound to hemoglobin?**\ a) 50%\ b) 60%\ c) 70%\ d) 85%\ e) 98.5%\ **Answer: e) 98.5%** 33. **Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as\...**\ a) Dissolved in plasma\ b) Bound to hemoglobin\ c) Bicarbonate ions\ d) Carbaminohemoglobin\ e) Carboxyhemoglobin\ **Answer: c) Bicarbonate ions** 34. **What enzyme catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form bicarbonate?**\ a) Catalase\ b) Carbonic anhydrase\ c) Amylase\ d) Oxidase\ e) Dehydrogenase\ **Answer: b) Carbonic anhydrase** **Section 10: White Blood Cells** 35. **Which granulocyte is involved in allergic reactions?**\ a) Neutrophils\ b) Eosinophils\ c) Basophils\ d) Monocytes\ e) Lymphocytes\ **Answer: c) Basophils** 36. **Which white blood cell increases in number during parasitic infections?**\ a) Neutrophils\ b) Eosinophils\ c) Basophils\ d) Lymphocytes\ e) Monocytes\ **Answer: b) Eosinophils** **Section 11: Hemostasis (continued)** 37. **What is the role of thrombin in the coagulation process?**\ a) Breaks down fibrinogen into fibrin\ b) Activates platelets\ c) Stimulates vascular spasm\ d) Inhibits fibrinolysis\ e) Produces plasmin\ **Answer: a) Breaks down fibrinogen into fibrin** 38. **What is the final step in the clotting process?**\ a) Vascular spasm\ b) Platelet adhesion\ c) Formation of fibrin mesh\ d) Release of clotting factors\ e) Contraction of platelets\ **Answer: c) Formation of fibrin mesh** 39. **Platelet plugs form by platelets adhering to\...**\ a) Collagen in damaged blood vessels\ b) Fibrinogen in plasma\ c) Red blood cells\ d) Neutrophils in capillaries\ e) Plasma proteins\ **Answer: a) Collagen in damaged blood vessels** **Section 12: Blood Disorders** 40. **A decrease in red blood cell count or hemoglobin is called\...**\ a) Leukopenia\ b) Anemia\ c) Thrombocytopenia\ d) Hemophilia\ e) Polycythemia\ **Answer: b) Anemia**