Module 1 Questions Part 3

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

Maintenance of body temperature

Regulation of body pH

Transport of oxygen

Protection against foreign substances

Production of bile (correct)

What is the normal pH range of blood?

7.5-8.0

8.0-8.5

7.0-7.25

7.35-7.45 (correct)

6.5-7.0

How does blood maintain body temperature?

By shunting warm blood to the skin

By absorbing heat from the environment

By storing heat in red blood cells

By shunting warm blood to the interior of the body (correct)

By dissipating heat through platelet activity

Which component of blood provides protection against foreign substances?

White blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of blood volume is plasma?

55% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of plasma?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Which plasma protein is involved in blood clotting?

Fibrinogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of albumins in plasma?

Osmotic pressure maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plasma protein is involved in immunity?

Globulins Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood cell lacks a nucleus?

Erythrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of red blood cells?

90-120 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of white blood cells?

Granulocytes and agranulocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell is the most abundant?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Platelets are fragments of which type of cell?

Megakaryocyte Signup and view all the answers

What element is essential for oxygen binding in hemoglobin?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hemoglobin is bound to oxygen?

Oxyhemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme in red blood cells facilitates the conversion of CO2 and H2O into bicarbonate?

Carbonic anhydrase Signup and view all the answers

All formed elements in the blood are derived from...

Hematopoietic stem cells Signup and view all the answers

Which precursor cell gives rise to red blood cells?

Proerythroblasts Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates red blood cell production?

Erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

Which white blood cell is primarily responsible for fighting bacterial infections?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Which white blood cell becomes a macrophage in tissues?

Monocytes Signup and view all the answers

Lymphocytes are divided into which two main types?

B cells and T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in hemostasis?

Vascular spasm Signup and view all the answers

What protein forms the meshwork in blood clots?

Fibrin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of platelets during hemostasis?

Form platelet plugs Signup and view all the answers

What happens to red blood cells after 120 days in circulation?

They are broken down by macrophages in the spleen Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the globin portion of hemoglobin?

Broken down into amino acids Signup and view all the answers

The heme portion of hemoglobin is broken down into...

Bilirubin and iron Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is a breakdown product of heme that is excreted in bile?

Bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of oxygen is transported bound to hemoglobin?

98.5% Signup and view all the answers

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as...

Bicarbonate ions Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form bicarbonate?

Carbonic anhydrase Signup and view all the answers

Which granulocyte is involved in allergic reactions?

Basophils Signup and view all the answers

Which white blood cell increases in number during parasitic infections?

Eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thrombin in the coagulation process?

Breaks down fibrinogen into fibrin Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the clotting process?

Formation of fibrin mesh Signup and view all the answers

Platelet plugs form by platelets adhering to...

Collagen in damaged blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

A decrease in red blood cell count or hemoglobin is called...

Anemia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Section 1: Functions of Blood

Blood transports oxygen
Blood regulates pH
Blood maintains body temperature
Blood protects against foreign substances.
Blood does not produce bile
Normal blood pH range: 7.35-7.45
Blood maintains body temperature by regulating the flow of warm blood, shunting it to the interior or skin.
White blood cells protect against foreign substances

Section 2: Composition of Blood

Plasma accounts for 55% of blood volume
The primary component of plasma is proteins.

Section 3: Formed Elements

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) lack a nucleus.
Lifespan of red blood cells: 90-120 days
Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
White blood cells are categorized into granulocytes and agranulocytes
- Granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
- Agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell.
Platelets are fragments of megakaryocytes.

Section 4: Hemoglobin and Gas Transport

Iron is essential for oxygen binding in hemoglobin.
Oxyhemoglobin is the form of hemoglobin bound to oxygen.
Carbonic anhydrase converts carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate in red blood cells.

Section 5: Hematopoiesis

All formed elements in the blood are derived from hematopoietic stem cells.
Proerythroblasts give rise to red blood cells.
Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production.

Section 6: White Blood Cells and Immunity

Neutrophils are primarily responsible for fighting bacterial infections.
Monocytes become macrophages in tissues.
Lymphocytes are divided into B cells and T cells.
Eosinophils increase in number during parasitic infections.

Section 7: Hemostasis

Vascular spasm is the first step in hemostasis.
Fibrin forms the meshwork in blood clots.
Platelets form platelet plugs during hemostasis.

Section 8: Hemoglobin Breakdown

Red blood cells are broken down by macrophages in the spleen after 120 days in circulation.
Globin (part of hemoglobin) is broken down into amino acids.
Bilirubin is a breakdown product of heme, excreted in bile.

Section 9: Gas Transport

Approximately 98.5% of oxygen is transported bound to hemoglobin.

Section 10: White Blood Cells

Basophils are involved in allergic reactions.

Section 11: Hemostasis (continued)

Thrombin breaks down fibrinogen into fibrin in the clotting process.

Section 12: Blood Disorders

Anemia is a decrease in red blood cell count or hemoglobin.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential functions of blood, including oxygen transport, pH regulation, temperature maintenance, and immune protection. It also explores the composition of blood, detailing the roles of plasma and formed elements such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. Test your understanding of these critical biological concepts.