Module 1 Nature And Inquiry Of Research PDF

Module 1 NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH  Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to… 1. Share research experiences and knowledge 2. Explain the importance of research in daily life 3. Describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research...

Module 1 NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH  Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to… 1. Share research experiences and knowledge 2. Explain the importance of research in daily life 3. Describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research 4. Differentiate quantitative from qualitative research 5. Provide examples of research in areas of interest Research is… Systematic inquiry that is designed to collect, analyze, and interpret data to understand, describe, or predict phenomenon Involves a scientific, methodical, and well-structured process It is a process of scientific thinking that leads to the discovery or establishment of new knowledge or truth (Isidro & Malolos,1979). It is the careful, unbiased investigation of a problem, based insofar as possible, upon demonstrable facts and involving refined distinctions, interpretations, and usually some generalizations (Good, 1956). Research = solve problems that have no known solution by anyone in the world Research ≠Learning from books, papers, news reports, professors. Anything that can be learned, by definition, is not research. “Searching online” is not research. Purposes and Goals of Research Understand the world Solve new problems Improve existing solutions Discover new facts of known phenomena Find solution to problems that are partially solved Improve or develop new products Discover unrecognized substances or elements Validate generalizations into systematic order Purposes and Goals of Research Provide basis for decision making in any undertaking Satisfy the researcher’s curiosity Verify existing knowledge Improve educational practices by raising the quality of school products Promote health and prolong life Enhance man’s basic life  Research gathers relevant information and produces novel knowledge. Characteristics of Research improves the quality of life Research Research promotes understanding of history Research contributes to one’s personal and professional development Characteristics of Research Empirical. Research is based on the direct experience or observation of the researcher. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental, and case study. Characteristics of Research Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment. Methodical. Research is conducted in methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results. AIMS of Verification of Existing Knowledge Proving/ verifying the veracity of existing theories or knowledge Acquisition of New Knowledge Brings forth new ideas regarding a theory or even create a totally new theory. Application of New Knowledge Utilize and translate to something useful to humankind. Advancement of the Researcher’s Expertise Gain relevant experiences that enhance and deepen their knowledge and skills in the are of their investigation. The improvement in our way of life is brought about by research. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QlwkerwaV2E  Inquiry-Based Learning This is supported by three educational theories such as John Dewey’s Theory of Connected Experiences for exploratory and reflective thinking, Lev Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and Jerome Bruner’s Theory on learner’s varied world perceptions.  Benefits of Inquiry-Based Elevates interpretative thinking Learning through graphic skills Improves student learning abilities Widens learners’ vocabulary Facilitates problem-solving acts Increases social awareness and cultural knowledge  Benefits of Inquiry-Based Encourages cooperative learning Learning Provides mastery of procedural knowledge Encourages higher-order thinking strategies Hastens conceptual understanding  Module 1 Nature of Research  Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to… 1. Share research experiences and knowledge 2. Explain the importance of research in daily life 3. Describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research 4. Differentiate quantitative from qualitative research 5. Provide examples of research in areas of interest Nature of Research  s s e a r c h Re  Characteristics of a good RESEARCH Research is realistic. Research is analytical as the process is conducted in scientific, systematic and structured manner. Research provides possible solutions to real-world problems. Research offers practical, innovative and novel solutions. Research is a scholarly work.  Since research is methodical, it follows a specific set of procedures. A research design is a plan reflecting the series or set of activities that must be done until the completion of a research study. The Research Process Flow Research Process The researcher selects a problem area and specifies research questions. The researcher examines and researches data bases to review existing results and define terms. The researcher selects a research design. Research Process The researcher determines the research method. This stage includes the three common aspects the researcher must determine. These are: Where and when the research will occur. With whom specifically the research will be done. How he will analyze the information and data collected. Research Process The researcher describes and selects the respondents of the study. The researcher conducts the study. The researcher analyzes the data and determines the implications of the researches. The researcher publishes the results of his study. Types of Research Qualitative Research is concerned with non-statiscal methods of inquiry and analysis of social phenomena. It draws on an inductive process in which themes and categories emerge through an analysis of data collected by such techniques. Quantitative Research easily quantifiable categories are typically generated before the study and statistical techniques are used to analyze the data collected. Kinds of Research 1. Based on application of research method Is the research applied to theoretical or practical issues? pure research versus applied research 2. Based on purpose of the research descriptive, correlational, explanatory, exploratory, or action research Applied Research Refers to the scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problems. Basic Research (Fundamental/ Pure) research is driven by a scientist’s curiosity or interest in a scientific question. Correlational Research shows relationship or connectedness of variables that affect the research What is the correlation between parental attachment and spiritual development in traditional- aged undergraduate college students? Descriptive Research aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, group, situation, etc. What is the impact of viral marketing on consumer behavior in consumer among Filipinos in the rural areas? What are the main distinctive traits of organizational culture of FEU school system? What is the impact of the global financial crisis of 2008 on fitness industry in the United States? Ethnographic Research refers to the investigation of a culture through an in- depth study of the members of the culture; it involves the systematic collection, description, and analysis of data for development of theories and cultural behavior. Exploratory Research Is a style of research conducted for a problem that has not been defined. Explanatory Research elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind the relationship of two factors but also the ways by which such relationship exists Is there a relationship between the share of migrant population in a given community and the way migration is seen by its members? Exploratory Research finding out how reasonable or possible it is to conduct a research study on a certain topic What is the role of social networking sites as an effective marketing communication channel? How did quality of customer services improve within hospitality sector in the National Capital Region? What is the role of corporate social responsibility on consumer behavior in pharmaceutical industries? Historical Research is research involving analysis of events that occurred in the remote past. Phenomenological Research is an inductive research approach that develops from phenomenological philosophy; its aim is to describe an experience as it is actually lived by the person. Types of Phenomenology Phenomenography Investigates the different ways in which people experience something or think about something Relatively new research approach used in education to observe students’ approaches to learning. Experimental Research the researcher manipulates one or more independent. Experimental research includes true experiments and quasi- experiments. Market Research is any organized effort to gather information about target markets or customers. Feasibility Research is an analysis of the ability to complete a project succesfully, taking into account legal, economic, technical, scheduling, marketing, environmental, and other factors. Action Research studies an on-going practice of a school, organization, community, or institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring improvement What is the effect of teacher's teaching style using English As A Second Language Strategies on student's motivation? How does teacher's teaching style affect students' motivation? What could be some categories that make one's teaching style effective in motivating students? Types of Research 3. Based on types of data needed qualitative research versus quantitative research primary data versus secondary data Approaches to Research Scientific or Positive Approach (data given by techniques such as structured interviews, questionnaires, observational checklists are expressed through numbers) Naturalistic Approach (uses words that speak of how people behave toward their surroundings ) Approaches to Research Triangulation Approach (data are gathered and analyzed using multiple methods, allowing the researcher to combine or mix up research approaches, research types, data gathering, and data analysis techniques)  Module 1 Qualitative Research and It’s Importance  Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to… Describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research Differentiate quantitative from qualitative research Compare and contrast the types of qualitative research Think about: Have you had any experience in which you needed to arrive at a moral and ethical decision? Ethics in Research Ethics is a set of moral principles that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Research ethics establishes the moral integrity of the researcher. Ethics ensures that the findings of a research study are valid and trustworthy. Ethics in Research Subjects should be treated with respect and should be informed about their rights as interviewees. Subjects should be informed that the nature of their participation is voluntary and that they can withdraw their participation anytime. The response of interviewees should be kept confidential. Ethics in Research Researchers must avoid committing various forms of research misconduct such as plagiarism, fabrication, and falsification of results. Plagiarism is the act of copying another person’s work, ideas, or words without appropriate acknowledgement of the original source. Ethics in Research Falsification is the act of maneuvering data in such a way that another person will be inclined to believe that said data is true and correct. Fabrication is the act of inventing or making data and then reporting it as true. Ethics in Research Honesty Confidentiality Objectivity Responsible Integrity Publication Carefulness Respect for Openness Intellectual Confidentiality Property Ethics in Research Responsible Mentoring Social Responsibilty Non-Discrimination Competence Legality Animal Care Human Subjects Protection Types of Qualitative Research Ethnography (derived from anthropology; used to be concerned with ethnic groups and minorities; ethnographic parameters include tribal, religious, geographical, and shared experiences) Lifestyle of the Mangyans in Mindoro Origin and Foundation of the Religious Beliefs of the Members of Jehovah’s Witnesses Types of Qualitative Research Phenomenology (study of phenomena involving human events, situations, concepts experiences, or needs; aims to investigate the personal experiences of individuals; allows the grouping of individuals according to the similarities, and differences) Attributes of Gifted Children Nurturing of World-class Athletes Types of Qualitative Research Narrative Research (narrates the life experiences of an individual as told to the researcher or gathered by the researcher from available documents or materials) Types of Qualitative Research Grounded Theory (generates theories that are “grounded” in data from the field, arising from the actions, interactions, and social processes undertaken by the participants; employed if no available theory to explain a particular phenomenon or process) Exploring the Phenomenal Success of Filipino-Chinese Types of Qualitative Research Case Study (presents a detailed analysis of a specific issue using a specific case or multiple cases within the bounded system; seeks to find answers to why such thing occurs to the subject/respondent; multiple sources of information such as interviews, collection of documents, observations, audio-visual resources, among other things) Learning Lessons from Patients with X Syndrome  Module 1 Getting Started with Qualitative  Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to… Explain the importance of qualitative research across various fields of discipline Decide on suitable qualitative research approaches in different areas of interest Formulate a topic for qualitative research in a chosen field of interest Give a concrete example of how qualitative research can be useful in the following disciplines: Given the following list of research problems, what would be the most suitable qualitative research approach to employ for each? 1. Mobile Clinic in Barrios: A Prospect of a one-stop health care center 2. The effects of having mentally challenged child on single parents 3. The role of pets in the speedy recovery of children with cancer 4. Developing a primary health service for the Manobo tribe Stages in the Conduct of a Qualitative Research 1. Identification of the phenomenon to be studied MODIFICATION OR RECIPIENT OF SUCH TASK IMPROVEMENT IMPROVEMENT Goals or expected Undertaking for whom? outcome How can by senior high be easily grasped research school students? How can you bullying among students? stop The research question specifies the following information: 1. What specific phenomenon will be examined by the research study? 2. What particular outcome are you expecting from such study? 3. Which group of people or sector will participate in or benefit from the research study? Stages in the Conduct of a Qualitative Research 1. Identification of the phenomenon to be studied 2. Development of a theoretical framework A theoretical framework is constructed from established theories and serves as the foundation of the study. 3. Identification of the participants in the study 4. Data collection 5. Data analysis 6. Disseminating the results of the study Some Examples of Possible Topics in which the Qualitative Approach can be Applied: 1. Iron contents of Momordica charantia leaves 2. Aling Berta: A Pinay Centenarian 3. Electrical Wirings of a Korean car 4. Microorganisms in a stagnant river 5. Single parents’ views about the K-12 Curriculum Some Examples of Possible Topics in which the Qualitative Approach can be Applied: 1. FEU Diliman Grade 12 Teachers’ Questioning Techniques 2. Medicinal Elements of Papaya Leaves 3. Historical Development of Tagalized English Novels 4. The Nature of African Swine Flu 5. Badjao Wedding Rites Thank you for listening!