Module 1: Introduction to Transportation Planning and Engineering PDF

PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Module 1: Introduction To Transportation Engineering Engr. Annthony Pantaleon Polytechnic University of the Philippines  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING...

PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Module 1: Introduction To Transportation Engineering Engr. Annthony Pantaleon Polytechnic University of the Philippines  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Grading System Class Standing = 70% Quizzes (70%) + Reporting (20%) + Homework (10%) Major Exams = 30% Syllabus 1. Introduction to Transportation Engineering 2. Planning and Development of Transportation Networks 3. Urban Transportation Planning Concepts 4. Travel Demand Forecasting 5. Traffic Engineering 6. Traffic Impact Assessment 7. Transportation Safety and Economics 8. Transportation Policy and Planning  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Introduction to Transportation Engineering TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Ports and ü application of scientific principles Harbor to the planning, design, operation Engineering and management of transportation system. Transportation engineers are involve Highway Airport in several transportation, including: Engineering Engineering Ø Transportation planning Ø Transportation design Ø Transportation construction Ø Transportation operations and management Ø Transportation infrastructure maintenance Railway Traffic Engineering Engineering  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Components of Transportation System o PHYSICAL o HUMAN o OPERATING ELEMENTS RESOURCES RULES Infrastructure Vehicle Operators Schedules Vehicles Drivers Crew assignment Equipment Engineers Connection patterns Control systems Pilots Cost/level of service Communication Maintenance and trade off systems construction Contingency plans Location systems workers Managers and other professionals  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Components of Transportation System COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: PHYSICAL ELEMENTS INFRASTRUCTURE VEHICLES EQUIPMENT CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS LOCATION SYSTEMS SYSTEMS ‒ fixed parts of a ‒ elements of a ‒ facilitate ‒ involves the ‒ link traffic control ‒ identify individual transportation system transportation transportation elements centers to vehicles in real system, move process required to travelway time, using global along the allocate right- equipment positioning systems travelway of-way (GPSs) o Travelways – conveyance Automobiles Maintenance Air traffic Traffic Signals Emergency o Terminals – for Buses vehicles control Air traffic vehicles dispatching and storage, Ships Conveyor centers controllers regulation of arrival and Airplanes belts Traffic signals Pilots departure of vehicles or Travelway cargo signs o Stations – subset of terminals, exit or entry points  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Components of Transportation System COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: OPERATING RULES SCHEDULES CREW ASSIGNMENT CONNECTION PATTERNS COST/LEVEL OF CONTINGENCY SERVICE TRADEOFF PLANS ‒ define the arrival and ‒ involves assigning ‒ refer to how service is ‒ involves tradeoff ‒ are implemented departure times of operators to the organized over the between cost and when something transportation vehicles at different vehicles transportation system or level of service goes wrong with the the different network transportation transportation terminals system and stations. Allowed hours to Hub and spoke work Vehicle-driver match Minimize cost  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Role of Transportation Economic The roles of transportation in The place, time, quality and utility of goods society can be classified Changes in location of activities according to economic, social, political and environmental roles. Social The social role of transport has Formation of settlements caused people to live in Size and pattern of settlements permanent settlements and has Growth of urban centers given chances of sustainable Political developments. Regarding political Administration of an area role, large areas can now be very Political choices in transport easily governed with the help of good transportation system. The Environmental environmental effects are usually Safety Pollution viewed negatively. Energy Consumption Information from Prof TV Matthew’s lecture  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Urban Transportation Studies for Metro Manila ü Urban Transport Study for the Manila Metropolitan Area (UTSMMA, 1973) ü Metro Manila Transport, Land Use and Development Planning Project (MMETROPLAN, 1977) ü Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study (MMUTIS, 1999) ü Metro Manila Dream Plan (2014) Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Urban Transport Study for the Manila Metropolitan Area (UTSMMA, 1973) The project was implemented from March 1971 to September 1973 with the assistance of the Government of Japan’s Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency (OTCA), the precursor of today’s Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Being the first comprehensive study for a metropolitan area that was yet to be formally consolidated and called Metro Manila, UTSMMA set the stage for future transport studies for the metropolis. Among the study’s main recommendations is one proposing for a mass transit system restricted to railways. A Rapid Transit Railway (RTR) network was recommended in the form of subways in the inner area bound by EDSA, and elevated in the suburban areas. Brief descriptions of the proposed lines are as follows: Line 1 (27.1 km) – from Construction Hill to Talon via central Quezon Boulevard, Manila downtown and the International Airport Line 2 (36.0 km) – from Novaliches to Cainta via Manila downtown and Pasig Line 3 (24.3 km) – Along Highway 54 (C-4): half a circle route about 12 km from Manila downtown Line 4 (30.1 km) – From Marikina to Zapote via Cubao, Manila downtown and the Manila Bay area Line 5 (17.6 km) – From Meycauayan to Manila downtown running between Line No. 2 and PNR PNR improvement (56.4 km) – From Bocaue to Muntinglupa via Tutuban Station https://d0ctrine.com/2014/09/03/urban-transport-study-in-manila-metropolitan-area-utsmma-1973/ Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Metro Manila Transport, Land Use and Development Planning Project (MMETROPLAN, 1977) It identified three main strategies to address issues on traffic congestion and public transport requirements, namely: Cordon pricing, Bus lanes, and LRT Short-term recommendations focused on bus and jeepney operations, recommending that: Standard buses (non-airconditioned) be designed for more standing passengers and charge a fare affordable by the poor; Premium buses (including Love Bus) be designed for seated passengers and charge a higher fare; this may be used to cross-subsidize Standard bus operations; Metro Manila Transit Corporation (MMTC) bus operations should operate missionary routes, which are generally unprofitable routes. In reference to private bus companies, the project states that “properly regulated competition” provides best course of action for the foreseeable future; Jeepneys are suited for low demand but high frequency service “Heavy Rapid Transit (HRT) would provide public transport passengers with much faster journey, but by 1990 would attract only 2.5% of motorists and would have negligible impact on traffic congestion. Partly because of this and partly because of its very high capital cost, it would be hopelessly uneconomic: the annualized capital costs would be higher than the estimated benefits in 1990…passenger flows are not high enough to exploit its full capacity…and the large savings in time for public transport passengers are not given a high value in Manila, and are not high enough to persuade motorists to change mode. https://d0ctrine.com/2014/09/03/urban-transport-study-in-manila-metropolitan-area-utsmma-1973/  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Metro Manila Transport, Land Use and Development Planning Project (MMETROPLAN, 1977)  Metro Manila Module 1: INTRODUCTION Dream Plan (2014) TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING It identified 3 major urban problems in Metro Manila Traffic congestions Natural disasters (flood, earthquake, typhoon, landslide, etc.) Affordable housing, slum/squatter areas Shift from radial/circumferential to ladder form High density residential areas in city center → suburban Development of peri-urban/suburban areas Development of subcenters Recovery of green space Redevelopment/retrofitting of city center areas  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING The Metro Manila population is estimated at 12 CAPACITY EXCEEDANCE million but swells during the daytime, to about 15 million. https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/03/18/when-can- Metro Manila Dream Plan, JICA 2014 Comparison on the Left Side and Right Side Application of the Bus Lane Images from Google commuters-find-light-at-the-end-of-the-mrt-3-tunnel/ https://tjpalanca.com/posts/2015-05-16-mrt-capacity-conundrum/ Figures from 2020 Tom Tom Index from CBPRD Congress Report  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING INTER-OPERABILITY OF EXISTING SYSTEMS Constraints on Space/Land Different Technical Use, Technical, Financial, Poor Asset Specifications Preservation/Maintenance Varying Operators and Legal Matters DPWH DGCS (Design, Guideline, Criteria, AASHTO Provisional Standards and Standards AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering NSCP Volume 2 Source: JICA  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING LOSS/LACK OF MANPOWER AND CONTRACTORS https://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Economy&title=lrt-6-delayed&id=133241 https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/bangladesh-budget-2018-19-jobs- https://www.compareremit.com/money-transfer-guide/contribution-of-the-ofw- there-not-right-skills-1588234 to-the-philippines-economy/ http://pagba.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Challenges-in-Procurement.pdf Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING SAFETY AND SECURITY https://rappler.com/nation/pnr-cctv-fences-safety https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/12/30/rizal-day-bombing-security-pnp.html https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2019/09/11/1950878/ metro-manila-subway-along-flood-fault-lines https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/720259/trains-damaged-in-14-stone-throwing-incidents-in-december-2019-says-pnr/story/  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ALIGNMENT AND ROW ISSUES https://www.interaksyon.com/breaking-news/2018/06/21/129137/is-the- proposed-mega-manila-subway-aligned-with-west-valley-fault/ https://r3.rappler.com/business/industries/208-infrastructure/62118- smphi-tro-mrt-lrt-common-station-denied https://rappler.com/business/right-of-way-issues-delay-mrt7-completion https://www.philstar.com/business/2019/10/21/1961816/tugade-says-no-more-change-alignment- subway- project?fbclid=IwAR3QT9r7AODcjqwm6juHh44iMguWf8KYLvGDY5HnMEAPvgAn9kPRM9Rxp4I  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING HIGH COSTS (DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, O&M) https://www.adb.org/news/philippines-adb-sign- loan-milestone-malolos-clark-railway-project https://www.interaksyon.com/politic https://governance.neda.gov.ph/govt-faces-higher-cost- s-issues/2018/10/30/136927/dalian- for-mrt-3-om-with-use-of-china-made-trains/ mrt-3-trains-controversy-installation/ Cost and Capacity (PPHPD) for Railways https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/econo https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/04/02/19/metro-manila- my/397806/psa-data-shows-subsidy-to-metro-rail- subway-project-may-face-higher-cost-delays-analysts systems-reach-p8-billion-in-2012/story/  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING INTANGIBLE CHALLENGES Behavioral challenges Traffic in Metro Manila and other cities are often traced back to commuters and drivers lack of discipline Most of the traffic management measures operate on a regulative level, one of the 3 pillars supporting our institution (1. regulative 2. cultural-cognitive 3. normative) In 2017, 84% of Filipinos said they were planning to purchase their own car in the next 5 years. Available data from 2011 to 2018 from the Chamber of Automobile Manufacturers of the Philippines Incorporated (CAMPI) showed that car sales shot up by 28.9% in 2015. The main reason why people choose to private vehicle mode is that it offers departure-time and destination-choice flexibility Slide and information from Engr. J. Rodriguez  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING INTANGIBLE CHALLENGES Mismatch between Design and Practice There will be problems when big vehicles that are intended as high-capacity modes behave like a local mode, stopping everywhere to pick up and unload passengers. Similarly, there are problems when an arterial road is used as a collector or local road where vehicles can stop anywhere. Summary from JICA Report on Project for Capacity Development on Transportation Planning and Database Management  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING INTANGIBLE CHALLENGES Non Implementation of Plans Failure to implement plans over three decades have spawned severe traffic congestion, heavy air and water pollution, lack of affordable housing and swaths of blighted zones. These problems are compounded by the region’s vulnerability to natural hazards (flooding, landslides, and earthquakes). Nearly all roads have reached saturation point – leaving little wiggle room for traffic management to ease the situation. Summary from JICA Report on Project for Capacity Development on Transportation Planning and Database Management  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Module 1: Introduction to Transportation Engineering Why Do These Issues Exists?  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING CONTINUOUS URBANIZATION Among the causes of EDSA perennial difficulties, one of the major factors is the concentration of major shopping malls and business districts high number of bus terminals https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/27667/114088-REVISED-v1-Philippines-Urbanization-Review-Full- Report-6mb.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Metro Manila Dream Plan, JICA 2014 Population Density of Selected Metropolitan Areas in The World, UNESCAP 2013  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE According to the WEF-GCR 2015-2016, the quality of the Philippine rail infrastructure network ranks 84th out of 140 countries The lack of high-capacity mass transportation options results in more trips using lower-capacity, road congesting, and environmentally-polluting forms of transport and limited accessibility of business districts, commercial areas, industrial zones, and educational institutions Metro Manila Railway Lines South Korea’s Railway Map Source: KORAIL WRT 2020, Philippine Railway Institute  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING HAZARDS (FLOOD AND EARTHQUAKE) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Tropical_cyclones_1945_2006_wikicolor.png Metro Manila Dream Plan, JICA 2014 Active Fault Lines, NSCP 2015  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING POLITICS AND POLICIES https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/03/28/12/roxas- https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2012/09/26/852 says-north-rail-project-scrapped 997/phl-china-drop-north-rail http://defenseph.net/drp/index.php?topic=6047.0 Operation and maintenance of existing assets proved to be difficult, particularly since equipment and facilities require highly specialized parts and components, thus, entailing longer lead times between procurement and delivery. Existing Commission on Audit (COA) regulation, however, only allows a three month inventory of spare parts. - Excerpt from PDP 2017-2022 http://pagba.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Challenges-in-Procurement.pdf https://pnl-law.com/blog/technical-malversation-good-intentions-and-quick-reaction-in-government/  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Module 1: Introduction to Transportation Engineering On-going and Proposed Solutions and Improvement on the Transportation Sector  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING https://www.bworldonline.com/govt- offices-gearing-clark-transfer-within- 5-years/ NATIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY Concept of GCR (Greater Capital Region) Today, spatial structure in GCR is highly mono-centric with the prominent feature of Metro Manila. Although developments are taking place in Clark, Subic, Tarlac and other areas in the north and in Batangas, Cavite and Laguna on the south, they are still initial stages and implemented in a rather uncoordinated manner https://web.facebook.com/DOTrPH/photos/pcb.1517065581765906/1517082518430879/?_rdc=1&_rdr Metro Manila Dream Plan, JICA 2014 BCDA Facebook Page  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ONGOING AND FUTURE RAILWAY PROJECTS https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2018/12/05/1874233/philippines -opening-golden-age-infrastructure Railways “Build BuildBuild” Program, 1st NREC – Usec. Batan The Philippine government’s DOTr (Department of Transportation) outlined the goals of the railway sector by 2022, namely increase the: route length of active railways (at least partially operable or fully-operable) from 1,144 kilometers to 1,900 kilometers number of stations from 59 to 169 Railways “Build BuildBuild” Program, 1st NREC – Usec. Batan number of coaches from 221 to 1,425 National Economic and Development Authority Board’s Committee on https://www.adb.org/news/infographics/malolos-clark-railway-project number of passengers from one million to 3 Infrastructure (NEDA Infracom), Investment Coordination Committee-Cabinet Committee (ICC-CC). million  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING BALANCING THE INTERESTS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/the- latest-news-features/80256/mrt-lrt- common-station-area-b-a4362-20191217 https://twitter.com/ANCALERTS/status /826612243823415297/photo/2 https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/654181/right-of- way-issues-for-phase-1-of-lrt1-cavite-extension-70-80-completed- lrmc/story/ https://business.inquirer.net/213450/common-railway-station-row-resolved https://ppp.gov.ph/press_releases/lrt-1-cavite-extension-ppp-project-starts-construction/  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ASSET RESTORATION AND SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT https://ph.news.yahoo.com/mrt-rail-replacement- https://www.philstar.com/nation/2020/01/12/1984031/mrt-3-rail-replacement-complete-2021 start-monday-132738823.html https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/06/26/19/lrt-1-edsa-station-expansion-boosts-safety- https://lrmc.com.ph/2019/10/21/lrt-1-edsa-station-gets-major- convenience-for-riders-operator upgrade-for-better-service-and-capacity/ https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/07/31/18/after-20-years-pnrs-caloocan-to-makati-line- to-reopen https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Case%206-%20Automated%20Fare%20Collection.pdf  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING RAILWAY EDUCATION AND TRAINING https://www.pup.edu.ph/ce/BSREM https://www.rappler.com/nation/245971-duterte-creates- philippine-railways-institute https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/06/20/campus-press/5- universities-team-up-with-dotr-australian-govt-for-rail- course/571850/ http://lrta.gov.ph/index.php/tesda  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Philippine Transport Agencies/Offices Department of Transportation Aviation Sector Maritime Sector Railway Sector Road Sector Land Civil Aviation Transportation Authority of the Philippine Ports Philippine National Authority Railways Franchising and Philippines Regulatory Board Manila Land International Philippine Coast Light Rail Transit Transportation Airport Authority Guard Authority Office Clark International Office of Airport Cebu Ports Transportation Authority Metro Rail Transit Corporation Cooperatives Civil Aeronautics Maritime Industry Philippine Railway Toll Regulatory Board Authority Institute Board Mactan Cebu Philippine International Merchant Marine Airport Authority Academy  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Types and Key Points of Transport Modes Accessibility Flexibility Provides personal transport ROAD TRANSPORT Generation of employment carries 80 per cent of the passenger Reasonable speed transport and 60 per cent of the goods Good mode for urban travel movement. Cheap Mode Its role in passenger transport is confirmed to short distances and in urban transport. In goods transport, its role is to collect and distribute the goods and to carry the goods over short and medium hauls Very poor safety record For long distance it deals with high value High environmental pollution goods. High fuel consumption from Principle of Transportation Engineering of People’s University  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Types and Key Points of Transport Modes Accessibility Energy efficient Non-Polluting Passenger RAIL TRANSPORT Railways carry long distance passenger Comfort traffic and suburban passenger traffic. Cheap For goods movement, they are suited for Can run on electricity haulage of low rated (coal, ores, foodgrains, fertilizers, etc.) over long distances. Accessibility Flexibility on Demand Government Monopoly from Principle of Transportation Engineering of People’s University  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Types and Key Points of Transport Modes Very high speed Passenger comfort AIR TRANSPORT Air transport is suited for long distance Good safety record passenger movement where speed of travel is the main criterion. Low pollution High energy consumption Cost from Principle of Transportation Engineering of People’s University  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Types and Key Points of Transport Modes Good energy efficiency WATER TRANSPORT Non-polluting Most international trade in goods takes place Good record of safety through overseas shipping. Coastal shipping can handle goods movement along the coast Passenger comfort of the country. Inland water transport takes place along perennial rivers Low speed Limited operation from Principle of Transportation Engineering of People’s University  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Highways Classification Based on “traffic characteristics” 2-Lane ü constitute the majority of highways ü lane widths vary from 3.00m to 3.65m ü each traffic lane is intended to be used by traffic in one direction and passing is accomplished on lanes not subject to use by opposing traffic 4-Lane ü speed limit should be limited to 60kph or less ü should feature prominent road marking to separate opposing streams ü has at least 2 full lanes for each direction of travel and a Divided median of 1.20m to 1.80m (for rural areas) Highways ü median, whenever feasible, should be 4.50m to 18.50m wide ü need not be of constant cross section  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Highways Classification Based on “system classification” Highway Classification Technical Specifications National Roads ü RROW = 20.00m minimum ü Width of Travelled 2 Way Lane = 6.70m minimum ü Allowable grade = 6.0% maximum Provincial Roads ü RROW = 15.00m minimum ü Width of Travelled Way = 6.10m minimum City Roads ü Allowable grade = 6.0% maximum Municipal Roads Baranggay Roads ü RROW = 10.00m minimum ü Width of Travelled Way = 4.0m minimum ü Allowable grade = 10.0% maximum Tourism Roads ü RROW = 2.10m minimum ü Width of Travelled Way = 6.10m minimum ü Allowable grade = 6.0% maximum Farm to Market Road ü RROW = 6.00m minimum ü Width of Travelled Way = 4.00m minimum ü Allowable grade = 10.0% maximum  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Road Transportation Network +Roads + The Philippine road network consists of: National Roads Provincial Roads City and Municipal Roads Barangay Roads + Road classification is based primarily on administrative responsibilities which level of government built and funded the roads. + Construction is mostly by Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) + Maintenance is mostly by the concerned Local Government Units (LGUs). + Farm-to-market roads are financed by the Department of Agrarian Reform and the Department of Agriculture  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Road Transportation Network +National Roads + National Primary –Contiguous length of significant road sections extending linearly without any breaks or forks that connect major cities (at least around 100,000 population) + Pan-Philippine Highway (N1 - Asian Highway 26) + Nos. N1 to N49 for the "main" routes or corridors, i.e. those connecting 3 or more cities + Nos. N50 to N99 for other primary routes connecting two cities + National Secondary - Directly connect cities to National Primary Roads, major ports, major airports, tourist centers, major government infrastructures, and to other cities + Nos. 100 to 999 + National Tertiary - Other existing roads under DPWH which perform a local function + Expressway - are prefixed by the letter “E” for Expressway, in order to differentiate these roads in road user’s mind from other types of road. The letter “E” implies a different design and standard of road, and indicates to the public that a toll may be required  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Road Transport Network ROAD NETWORK is defined as a hierarchy in terms of road types and according to the major functions the road will serve. The main classification is whether the road is to be used primarily for movement or for access. By Howard the Duck - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/ind ex.php?curid=39133956 Image from US FHWA  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Road Transport Network Majority of domestic passenger and freight traffic use the road 75% of government expenditure on transport infrastructure goes to road system (Abueva, 2004) Majority is comprised of concrete pavements that suffers wear and tear due to heavy overloaded trucks and flood. Many of the roads has reached its capacity 14kph is the average travel speed and roughly 1/3 is wasted as idle time, this is due to traffic congestions (Sigua 1997) Traffic congestion in Metro Manila has caused more than 101 billion pesos in losses (UP-NCTS 2000) Public transportation is predominantly road based consisting largely of jeepneys and buses for primary and secondary routes and tricycle and pedicabs for feeder routes About 330 routes for bus and 600 for jeepneys Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DPWH Road and Bridge Inventory https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/gis/rbi  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING A Glance Of Rail Transport In The Philippines Emergence of Tramline, “Tranvia” Metro Rail Transit - and “Ferrocarril” Philippine National Line 3 (EDSA Line) Railway Manila Railroad Company Emergence of Freight and Light Rail Transit - Line 1 Light Rail Transit - Line 2 Locomotives Baclaran-Monumento Line Santolan – Recto Line Manila Electric Company Line 1 North Extension Project https://skyrisecities.com/news/2017/03/manilas-long-lost-tranvias-once-envy-asia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Philippines http://tl.philippinetrains.wikia.com/wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine_Railroad  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Railway Classification LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT COMMUTER RAIL a form of urban rail public transportation that generally has a transport service between a city center, and outer suburbs and lower capacity and lower speed than heavy rail and metro commuter towns or other locations that draw large numbers of systems, but higher capacity and higher speed than commuters—people who travel on a daily basis. traditional street-running tram systems. Trains operate following a schedule, at speeds varying from 50 to Characteristics of light rail transit are as follows: 200 km/h (30 to 125 mph). Characteristics of commuter rail are as capability for operation in mixed traffic, generally follows: resulting in a narrower car body and articulation in order providing more seating and less standing room, for the longer to operate in a traffic street environment distances involved can provide much higher speeds and passenger having (in most cases) a lower frequency of service volumes than a streetcar/tram having scheduled services (i.e. trains run at specific times can be cheaper to construct by using the ability of LRVs rather than at specific intervals) to turn tighter curves and climb steeper grades serving lower-density areas, typically by connecting suburbs to the city center sharing track or right-of-way with intercity or freight trains not fully grade separated (containing grade crossings with crossing gates)  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Railway Classification METRO / SUBWAY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM HIGH-SPEED RAIL system of transportation that suspends, guides and propels passenger rail transport that operates significantly faster than the vehicles, predominantly trains, using magnetic levitation from normal speed of rail traffic. Specific definitions by the European a very large number of magnets for lift and propulsion Union include 200 km/h (120 mph) for upgraded track and 250 Each rapid transit system consists of one or more lines— km/h (160 mph) or faster for new track. each line is a specific route with trains stopping at all or some Compared to other modes of transport (air and road travel), HSR of the line’s stations. leads to: minimum headway might be 90 seconds, which might be Displaced usage from more environmentally damaging modes limited to 120 seconds to allow for recovery from delays. of transport. Lower energy consumption per passenger kilometer Reduced land usage for a given capacity compared to motorways  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Railway Classification MAGLEV MONORAIL urban passenger transport systems, “operated on their own rail-based transportation system based on a single rail, which acts right of way and segregated from general road and as its sole support and its guideway pedestrian traffic guided and supported via interaction with the same single beam power needed for levitation is usually not a particularly large require minimal space, both horizontally and vertically. Monorail percentage of the overall consumption; most of the power vehicles are wider than the beam, and monorail systems are used is needed to overcome air drag, as with any other high commonly elevated, requiring only a minimal footprint for support speed train pillars.  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Existing and Planned Rapid Transit Lines  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Existing and Planned Rapid Transit Lines in Metro Manila From Esquire Magazine. Alignment is based on the latest information during this graphic was made.  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING LRT1 CAVITE (SOUTH) LRT2 WEST EXTENSION EXTENSION PROJECT PROJECT Approximately 11.7-km railway line from its tie in point at the Approximately 17.593 km upon completion of the project terminus of LRT Line 1 at the Baclaran Terminal to Niog Design and construction of the 3.8-km Eastern extension of the Station at Bacoor, Cavite, of which approximately 10.5 km will existing Line 2 from Santolan Station at Marcos Highway fronting be elevated and 1.2 km will be at-grade. SM Marikina and terminating at Masinag Junction or the Eight (8) stations will be constructed with a provision for two intersection of Marcos Highway and Sumulong Highway (2) additional stations. Intermodal facilities will also be installed at high-demand stations, namely Niog, Zapote, and Dr. Santos Stations. LRT1 Cavite Extension Route Alignment Source: LRMC LRT2 West Extension Route Alignment Source: EIA for LRT2 West  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING MRT4 PROJECT MAKATI INTRACITY SUBWAY OR LINE 5 Proposed to be a monorail rapid transit line to be built Approximately to be 11-kilometer which is under-construction in Metro Manila and Rizal with eleven stations and will have a Underground rapid transit line to be located in Makati, Metro right-of-way alignment along N. Domingo, Ortigas Avenue and Manila, that will link establishments across the city's business Taytay Diversion Road, linking suburban Taytay, Rizal to district. the Ortigas Center business district in eastern Metro Manila. It will also have ten stations, with connections to the existing MRT Line 3, the Pasig River Ferry Service, and the under- construction Metro Manila Subway MRT4 Proposed Route Alignment Source: ABS-CBN News Makati Intracity Route Alignment Source: The Philippine Star  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING LRT6 (6A, 6B+C) MRT7 PROJECT PROJECT new mainline consists of 23.5 km long main line (6A), nine (9) rapid transit line under construction with a length of 22.8 stations, passing through the less congested arterial road of kilometers long and 14 stations. The line runs in a northeast– Molino–Paliparan Road, including the large-scale vacant southwest direction, beginning at San Jose del Monte, Bulacan up properties in Bacoor and Dasmariñas, Cavite to the North Triangle Common Station in North Avenue, Quezon LRT6 PAVI proposal for 6A refers to the main line, 6B for City. airport link to NAIA, 6C for a sour line near Paranaque- a 13.09 km rail system connecting the MRT7 Tandang Sora Muntinlupa border, and 6D for another spur line near PNR - Station to a spur line (NMIA Phase 5) traversing Katipunan Alabang Station (under separate study by a Japanese firm) Avenue LRT 6 Route Alignment Source: Seastems, 2018 MRT 7 Route Alignment Souce: PPP Center/Unofficial NMIA Master Plan Source: engnatividad of SMC  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING MEGA MANILA MRT8 PROJECT/ EAST- SUBWAY PROJECT WEST LINE (MMSP) OR LINE 9 9-kilometer railway system connecting the areas of 36-kilometer (22 mi) line underground rapid transit line Manila and Quezon City via Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon currently under construction in Metro Manila Avenue, and España Boulevard. Designed to connect with the other urban rail transit services in Consequently, the route alignment for the MRT8 is similar to the region, including Line 1, Line 3, and Line 7 at the North the MRT7 extension shown as Phase 2A on the unofficial Avenue Common station, which is also currently under NMIA Master Plan. construction; the existing Line 2 and Metro Commuter Line; and the planned Line 5 (Makati Subway) and Line 8 (PNR East-West Railway). Unofficial NMIA Master Plan Source: engnatividad of SMC MRT 7 Route Alignment Souce: PPP Center/Unofficial NMIA Master Plan Source: engnatividad of SMC  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING MRT10 PROJECT MRT11 PROJECT approximately 22.5 kilometer mostly elevated Light Railway approximately 18 kilometers Metro Railway Transit System Transit (LRT) System consisting of sixteen (16) stations along (MRTS) of elevated structure starting from Epifanio Delos circumferential road C-5 connecting the Ninoy Aquino Terminal Airport (NAIA) Terminal 3 to Quezon City, Santos Avenue (EDSA), Balintawak in Quezon City traversing terminating at Commonwealth Avenue with possible along Quirino Highway, Novaliches and Zabarte Road in North interchange with MRT7 at Tandang Sora Station and LRT Line Caloocan City up to Barangay Gaya-gaya in San Jose del Monte, 2 at Aurora Station. Trains will be stabled at the depot to be built at the UP property in Diliman, Quezon City. Bulacan. EASTWOOD CITY – MRT3 SANTOLAN INTEGRATED PASAY CONNECTION MONORAIL proposed monorail project connecting the Metro Rail Transit Proposed monorail connecting the corner of EDSA and Taft Line 3 (MRT-3) to Eastwood City, in a bid to ease traffic congestion Avenue to Diokno Boulevard as well as extend the EDSA-Tramo and increase connectivity for commuters in the area. Infracorp is Flyover. granted with the original proponent status (OPS) for the project last May 2018. undergoing review at the National Economic and Development Authority board’s investment coordination committee. The project will then be subjected to the competitive Swiss challenge.  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING FORT BONIFACIO – MAKATI SKYTRAIN proposed automated people mover line meant to serve the city of Makati and Bonifacio Global City area in Taguig, Metro Manila. The Fort Bonifacio–Makati Sky Train will connect the MRT 3 Guadalupe Station to Uptown Bonifacio Fort Bonifacio-Makati Skytrain Route Alignment Source: SYSTRA  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Existing and Planned Rapid Transit Lines in Luzon  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PNR NORTH LONG HAUL SUBIC-CLARK FREIGHT PROJECT RAILWAY includes the Construction a component of the PNR Luzon System Development of a 37.6 km commuter Framework providing initial freight service between the Subic Bay Freeport Zone and the Clark Freeport and Special railway from Malolos to Economic Zone, linking Subic Port with Clark International Tutuban with ten (10) Airport and other major economic hubs in Central Luzon, stations. It will be especially New Clark City, and forming an integrated logistics hub for the development of Central Luzon as a new seamlessly integrated with growth center to decongest Metro Manila. PNR Clark Phase 2 and PNR Calamba, forming one integrated commuter railway system serving commuters travelling to, from, and within NCR, Region III, and Region IV- A. PNR North/Clark Phase 1 Route Alignment Source: PhilGEPS  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PNR NORTH LONG HAUL PROJECT The North Long Haul West is a reconstruction of the old North Main Line between New Clark City and La Union. The line is expected to be around 159 km (99 mi) long, shortened from the former length of 175 km (109 mi) due to changes in design. The North Long Haul East aims to revive the failed Cagayan Valley Extension project that was cancelled in the late 1960s. Branching off the old main line at Tarlac City, the line will continue towards the direction of San Jose, Nueva Ecija from which the 10 km (6.2 mi) Caraballo Tunnel will be built. After the tunnel, the line continues northward to Isabela and Cagayan until it terminates at Tuguegarao. The line is expected to be around 308 km (191 mi) long PNR North Long Haul Route Alignment Source: PPP Center  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PNR SOUTH (PNR BICOL PNR CALAMBA (LOS + PNR BATANGAS SPUR BANOS) + PNR SORSOGON SPUR) a 56-km Segment a 639-km railway system will run from Manila to Legazpi, with nineteen (19) Albay and Matnog, Sorsogon, with a spur line to Batangas station connecting City, Batangas. It is seen to reduce travel time from 13 hours to the NSCR (Tutuban- just 6 hours, once completed. As of July 2020, the project is Malolos Alignment). 18.56% complete, and the contract for the delivery of new Forming the NSCR trains have already been signed. Partial operations of the Alignment from railway line will commence in 2022. Clark New City, Clark International Airport to Calamba. PNR Calamba Route Alignment Source: JICA PNR South Route Alignment Source: PPP Center  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING On-going and Planned Rapid Transit Lines in VisMin  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING CEBU RAILWAY SYSTEM MINDANAO RAILWAY SYSTEM was initially proposed to be a MRT system with the proposed proposed inter-city rail system in Mindanao. The system will route to be divided into several phases taking demand and be constructed as a network of at least 1,533 km long in its construction cost into account. The draft spatial plan in 2015 present form, totaling 2,278 km (1,415 mi) of track, with the includes the following MRT lines: center piece being a circumferential mainline that connects some of the major cities of the island. An east-west radial ü MRT North Line (Danao City - Liloan) mainline shall also be built to the Zamboanga Peninsula, and ü MRT Central Line (Consolacion - Talisay City) a number of other radial lines will serve as branch lines. ü MRT South Line (Minglanilla - Carcar City) ü MRT Mactan Line (Cebu City - Lapu-Lapu City) Proposal for Cebu Railway Lines Source: JICA Mindanao Rail Network Source: DOTr  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PORTS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILIPPINES + taken from “The Study on the Master Plan for the Strategic Development of The National Port System in the Republic of the Philippines”  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PORTS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILIPPINES + taken from “The Study on the Master Plan for the Strategic Development of The National Port System in the Republic of the Philippines”  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PORTS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILIPPINES + taken from “The Study on the Master Plan for the Strategic Development of The National Port System in the Republic of the Philippines”  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PORTS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILIPPINES + taken from “The Study on the Master Plan for the Strategic Development of The National Port System in the Republic of the Philippines”  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PORTS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILIPPINES +Major Container Ports  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PORTS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILIPPINES +Major Container Ports  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PORTS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILIPPINES +Major Government Ports  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PORTS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILIPPINES +Major Government Ports  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PORTS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILIPPINES +Roll-on/Roll-off (RO/RO) Ports  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PORTS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILIPPINES +Major Private Ports (Private-Commercial)  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PORTS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILIPPINES +Major Private Ports (Private-Commercial)  Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING References v https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/2019%20DPWH%20ATLAS/06%20Road%20WriteUp%202019.pdf v History as a Tool for Sustainable Transport Planning in Cities - Aloc & Regidor, 2018 v Railway Engineering and Management - Profillidis, 2014 v Various Urban Transportation Plans and Studies by JICA v Philippine Urbanization Report by World Bank v Department of Transportation v Department of Public Works and Highways v Images from Google and Wikimedia Commons v riles.upd.edu.ph