Mod 11 - Facets of Personality - Rotter (Student) PDF

PSYC – 1130 Psychology for Social Service Workers Locus of Control, Sensation Seeking, Learned Helplessness, Optimism/Pessimism, Positive Psychology, and Happiness and Success Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition ...

PSYC – 1130 Psychology for Social Service Workers Locus of Control, Sensation Seeking, Learned Helplessness, Optimism/Pessimism, Positive Psychology, and Happiness and Success Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition  Chapter Outline 1. Julian Rotter 2. Marvin Zuckerman 3. Martin E. P. Seligman 4. Positive Psychology Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Image Source: http://www.learninginfo.org/locus-of- control.htm Julian Rotter: Locus of Control Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Life of Rotter  1916 – 2014  Born in Brooklyn  Family lived comfortably until the depression in 1929  Influenced by Adler to study psychology  Advanced social-learning approach to personality Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Image Source: http://www.learninginfo.org/locus-of- Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. control.htm All rights reserved. Approaches to Example Theorists personality development Psychoanalytic Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud Neo-psychoanalytic Neurotic Needs & Trends: Karen Horney Individual Psychology: Alfred Adler Behavioural Reinforcement Theory: BF Skinner Cognitive Cognitive Theory: Aaron Beck Humanistic Self-Actualization Theory: Carl Rogers Positive Psychology: Martin Seligman Genetics (Trait) Five-Factor Theory: McCrae & Costa Sensation Seeking: Marvin Zuckerman Social-Learning Locus of Control: Julian Rotter What is Social Learning Theory? Three core concepts: 1. People can learn through observation 2. Internal mental states are an essential part of the process 3. Just because something has been learned, it does not mean that it will result in a change in behaviour  Social Learning Theory continued…  People learn within a social context  Behaviour is an interaction between environment and internal factors  Therefore: behaviour & personality can be explained by looking inside and outside the organism  Behavioural Potential = Expectancy + Reinforcement Value Likelihood Likelihoo The extent an behaviour d individual values will be behaviou the expected performed r will be reinforcement of reinforce action d Image Source: http://www.examiner.com/article/do-you-feel-empowered  Internal vs. External Control of Reinforcement Internal Locus External Locus of Control of Control  Belief that  Belief that reinforcement is reinforcement under the is brought control of other about by our people, fate, or own behavior luck Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Assessment of Locus of Control  Self report inventories  Internal-External scale (I-E)  Children’s Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External scale Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Example of the I-E Scale 1. Question a. Many of the unhappy things in people’s lives are partly due to bad luck. b. People’s misfortunes result from the mistakes they make 2. Question a. One of the major reasons why we have wars is because people don’t take enough interest in politics b. There will always be wars, no matter how hard people try to prevent them.  Research  Age & gender differences  Racial & socioeconomic differences  Behavioral differences  Physical health differences Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Developing Locus of Control in Childhood  Learned in childhood  Relates to parental behavior Internal External Supportive parents No male role model Offered praise Many siblings Independence Depressed mother encouraged Single mother Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Reflections Strong relationship between locus of control & Bandura’s self-efficacy (Note: we didn’t study Bandura so don’t worry about this point) Locus of control can be generalized; self- efficacy is situation specific Rotter’s research is highly rigorous Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  If you are interested in hearing a BBC radio broadcast about Julian Rotter….  http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01gf5sr Image Source: http://www.learninginfo.org/locus-of-control.htm