ملخص الاشتقاق والازمنة في الانجليزية PDF

‫شادي الرمحي‬ DERIVATIONS ‫شادي الرمحي‬ The use of the verb, noun, adjective and adverb..‫الجدول التالي ليس للحفظ و إنما للفهم و التطبيق‬ - Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Help...

‫شادي الرمحي‬ DERIVATIONS ‫شادي الرمحي‬ The use of the verb, noun, adjective and adverb..‫الجدول التالي ليس للحفظ و إنما للفهم و التطبيق‬ - Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Help Help Helpful Helpfully Disorganise Disorganisation Disorganised *********** Intensify Intensity Intensive Intensively Enlarge Enlargement Large Largely Strengthen Strength Strong Strongly Succeed Success Successful Successfully Repeat Repetition Repeated repeatedly Educate Education Educational Educationally.‫ تكون حال‬ly ‫ أي كلمة تنتهي بــ‬.1.‫ من الحال ينتج صفة‬ly ‫ عند ازالة‬.2.‫( تكون فعل‬en) ‫( أو قد تبدأ أو تنتهي بـ‬ise, ize, fy, eed, ate) ‫ أي كلمة تنتهي بـ‬.3.‫ أي انه بدون اي اضافات‬,‫ الفعل هو جذر الكلمة‬.4.‫ يجب على الطالب أن يحدد نوع الكلمة من المالحظات السابقة‬.5 noun suffixes adjective suffixes -tion information -ful beautiful -sion television -less careless -ness fitness -able remarkable -ment government -ous serious -ance importance -y lucky -ence difference -ent different -se expense -ant important -cy fluency -ive expensive -ty possibility -ic scientific -ure future -al governmental -th health -en golden -sm criticism -ish childish -dom kingdom -ate accurate -age marriage -ite favourite -hood childhood -ing boring -ship relationship -ed injured 1  I. THE USE OF THE VERB 1. In the middle of a sentence after the subject. 2. After (to) as an infinitive. 3. After the modals 4. After verb to do 5. At the beginning of a sentence as an imperative 6. After (had better, would rather) 7. After (make, let, help) 8. After (Let’s) Examples: 1. Our teachers always us to get the highest marks. ……………………………………………………. (encourage, encouragement, encouraged) 2. We are not allowed to when the teacher gives us a lesson. …………………………………………………… (speech, speechlessly, speak) 3. We must the natural resources of our country. ……………………………………………………. (develop, development, developed) 4. Do you your mobile at school? ……………………………………………………. (use, useful, usefully) 5. my speech or else. ……………………………………………………. (consideration, considerable, considerably) 6. The manager had better them how to develop their skills. ……………………………………………………. (advice, advise, advisable) 7. My father made us his room. …………………………………………………… (decorated, decoration, decorate) 8. Let’s our skills by training. ……………………………………………………. (development, develop, developmental) II. THE USE OF THE NOUN 1. After (a, an, the) 2. After the adjective 3. After (’s ) or the adjective pronouns (my, his, her, their, our, your, its) 4. After the prepositions (in, on, of, at, into, for, from, under, with, without, about, against, between..etc ) 5. After phrases of quantity (much, many, any, little, some, no, enough, a few) 6. After the verb as an object. 7. After the determiners (this, that, these, those ) 8. After the gerund (v-ing) 9. After (be used to, due to, be committed to, look forward to) 2 Examples: 1. The which our teachers gave, has been helpful. ……………………………………………………. (encourage, encouragement, encouraged) 2. Marwa takes an ……………………………………………………. part in her school affairs. (act, active, actively) 3. Akram’s in three languages enabled him to find a job. ……………………………………………………. (fluent, fluently, fluency) 4. We should take into …………………………………………………….the environmental issues. (consider, consideration, considerable) 5. Our teacher gave us much about exams. ……………………………………………………. (advice, advise, advisable) 6. This game needs …………………………………………………….. (concentrate, concentrated, concentration) 7. This was made by wars. …………………………………………………… (destruction, destroy, destructive) 8. My father was used to giving …………………………………………………….to anyone needs it. (help, helpful, helpfully) III. THE USE OF THE ADJECTIVE 1. Before the noun. 2. After (find), (make) and (become) 3. After (verb to be) 4. After the following verbs (look, seem, feel, smell, taste, sound) 5. After (there is + noun) Examples: 1. Unemployment is falling as more people find work. …………………………………………………… (permanent, permanence, permanently) 2. The man was found …………………………………………………… , so he was sent to prison. (guilt, guilty, guiltily) 3. This table is. …………………………………………………. (move, movable, movement) 4. He looks …………………………………………………….After the death of his wife. (sad, sadness, sadly) 5. Our teacher gave us much …………………………………………………….about exams. (advice, advise, advisable) 3  IV. THE USE OF THE ADVERB 1. To describe the verb. 2. Before the adjective. 3. Before (p.p) 4. After (very, too, so, quite, a bit, more, less) 5. Between (as …………….as) to describe the verb. 6. At the beginning before the comma. 7. Between to and the base verb. Examples: 1. She passed all her exams. ………………………………………………… (succeed, successful, successfully) 2. Though they are brothers, they are different. ……………………………………………………. (completely, completion, complete) 3. The conference was organized. ……………………………………………………. (careful, care, carefully) 4. Laila drives very …………………………………………………….. (careless, carelessly, care) 5. Omar behaves as …………………………………………………….as his father. (politeness, polite, politely) 6. , she was survived. ……………………………………………………. (Luck, Lucky, Luckily) 7. He wants to ……………………………………………………announce for his campaign. (comprehensively, comprehensive, comprehension) ###########################################################  My grandfather is used to …………………………………………………… by complementary medicine. (treat, treatment, treated)  Complementary medicine is used to …………………………………………………… ailments. (treat, treatment, treated) 4 EXERCISE A: 1. The ………………………………………………… system must be linked with the requirements of social and economic development for the country. (educate, educational, educationally) 2. The …………………………………….…………. system must be linked with the requirements of social and economic development for the country. (educate, education, educationally) 3. Jordan has a ……………………………………………………. of being a friendly and welcoming country. (repute, reputed, reputation) 4. Many advertisements are usually presented in an …………………………………………………….manner. (attract, attraction, attractive) 5. Markets have different types of food which are …………………………………………………….prepared from animal products. (artificially, artificial, artifice) 6. The new projects use recycled water which helps the …………………………………………………of the environment. (sustain, sustainable, sustainability) 7. Taha Hussein is one of the most writers of the 20th century. …………………………………….…………. (influence, influential, influentially) 8. Imagination is the source of …………………………………………………….. (creative, create, creation) 9. Bank customers can …………………………………………………. their checking accounts instantly through the electric system. (access, accessible, accessibility) 10. Another way of saying that something could be successful is to say it is ……………………………. (viable, viably, viability) 11. Artists usually meet to discuss ideas and ……………………………………………… each other’s work. (criticize, critic, critical) 12. Madaba has a …………………………………….…………. as a fascinating place to visit. (reputation, reputational, reputationally) 13. Khaled has received an …………………………………. letter from the manager for his hard work. (appreciate, appreciation, appreciatively) 14. Manal always presents her ………………………………………………… work in literature clearly. (create, creative, creatively) 15. Hospitals have a …………………………………….…………. to provide the best medical care. (commit, committed, commitment) 16.…………………………………. , the process of producing rugs and bags is done by hand. (Tradition, Traditional, Traditionally) 17. When a person has an …………………………………. disease, he is usually isolated. (infect, infectious, infectiously) 18. Scientists around the world are working to ………………………………………………… a cure for cancer. (discover, discovery, discoverably) 5  ‫شادي الرمحي‬ TENSES ‫شادي الرمحي‬ I. THE SIMPLE PRESENT  THE FORM OF THE VERB a. base : I, They, We, You, ‫اسم جمع‬: work , go , carry. b. base + s, es, ies : He, She It, ‫اسم مفرد‬: works, goes, carries.  USES: 1. Things that happen as a routine in the present. ‫التحدث عن عادة‬ always, usually, often, normally, generally, frequently, repeatedly, sometimes, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, hardly ever, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, annually, occasionally, at weekends, from time to time, ( on + ‫ ) اسم األيام جمع‬,( every + ‫ ) زمن‬. once twice day, week, fortnight, three times + a + month, season, year several times decade, century many times 2. Something that is true in the present / Things are always true. ‫التحدث عن حقيقة‬.‫جملة الحقيقة ال تحتوي على دالئل زمنية و تتحدث عن فكرة عامة معروفة لمعظم الناس‬ 3. Scheduled fixed events in the future. ‫التحدث عن جدول زمني ثابت‬.‫الخ‬... ‫عند التحدث عن حركة المواصالت و دوام الدوائر الرسمية و البنوك و المدارس و الجامعات والسينما‬ 4. To describe the state of people. ‫وصف حالة الناس‬.‫عند التحدث عن مكان السكن أو البلد األصلي أو نوع العمل أو الدراسة‬ 6  II. THE SIMPLE PAST  THE FORM OF THE VERB ‫التصريف الثاني من الفعل‬ To talk about something in the past or a routine in the past.  KEY WORDS: yesterday, ( last +‫ )زمن‬, (‫ زمن‬+ ago), (in + ‫) سنة في الماضي‬, in the past, ( the previous +‫)زمن‬ III. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS  THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ is, are, am + V-ing ]  KEY WORDS: 1. To talk about something that is happening at the moment. now, nowadays, at the moment, at this minute, at the present 2. To describe something temporary. Look!, Listen!, Be careful!, Watch out!, Hurry up!, Be quiet!, Don’t + base. 3. For actions that happen repeatedly in the present. We use it with "always.".‫( عند التحدث عن فعل متكرر و مستمر في نفس الوقت‬always) ‫يتم إستحدام‬ 4. The future, where something has been planned. ‫التحدث عن مستقبل مخطط له‬ ‫عند التحدث عن الرحالت و الحفالت و المناسبات‬ 7  IV. THE PAST CONTINUOUS  THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ was, were + V-ing ]  KEY WORDS: V.2 while , as (was, were ) + V-ing (was, were) + V-ing when V.2 This time + ‫أحد مؤشرات الماضي البسيط‬ ( was , were ) + V-ing ‫ أحد مؤشرات الماضي البسيط‬+ ‫تحديد الزمن‬ ( was , were ) + V-ing V. THE PRESENT PERFECT  THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ have,has + p.p ] since, for, ever, never, recently, lately, finally, lastly, at last, before, up to now, up to present, yet, so far, already, just, today, this (‫)زمن‬, all (his) life..‫يتم استخدام المضارع التام عند التحدث عن ماضي غير محدد‬.‫يدل المضارع التام على فعل بدأ في الماضي وانتهى قبل وقت قريب جدًا‬.‫ ( تدل على تكرار منفي فنستخدم مضارع بسيط‬never ) ‫اذا كانت‬.‫ ( تدل على فعل منتهي فنستخدم مضارع تام‬never ) ‫اذا كانت‬ VI. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS  THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ have, has + been + V-ing ] (for, since) + ‫ أحد مؤشرات المضارع المستمر‬, all + ( ‫ ) زمن‬, every + ( ‫ ) زمن‬+ this + ( ‫) زمن‬ (for, since) +‫دليل من الجملة على عدم انتهاء زمن حدوث الفعل‬ )ً‫يتم استخدام مضارع تام مستمر وذلك اذا كان أثر الفعل واضحاً (باقيا‬ :‫الكلمات التالية تدل على أثر الفعل‬ red eyes, watery eyes, tired, exhausted, out of breath, bleeding, late, dirty, wet, covered with..‫ يفضل استخدام مضارع تام مستمر‬,‫( و ال يوجد فيها مؤشرات‬since, for) ‫أي جملة يوجد فيها‬ 8  VII. THE PAST PERFECT  THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ had + p.p ] V.2 after had + V.3 had +V.3 before V.2 by + ‫أحد مؤشرات الماضي البسيط‬ had + p.p by the time +sub + V.2 had +p.p VIII. THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS  THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ had + been + v-ing ] V.2 after had + been + v-ing had +been+ v-ing before, when V.2 by + ‫أحد مؤشرات الماضي البسيط‬ had + been + v-ing by the time + Sub. + V.2 had + been + v-ing since, for, every ‫حيث يوجد في الجملة‬ IX. THE FUTURE SIMPLE  THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ will, shall + base ]  KEY WORDS: 1. We can use it with: tomorrow, (next + ‫) زمن‬, in the future, (the coming + ‫ ) زمن‬, ( the following + ‫) زمن‬, soon , later , (in + ‫)سنة في المستقبل‬, perhaps, probably, may be, 2. We use it to express spontaneous decisions: ‫قرارات عفوية‬ so 3. Predicting without evidence: ‫تنبؤات بدون دليل‬ I think, I hope. 9  X. THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS  THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ will, shall + be + v-ing ]  KEY WORDS: This time + ‫أحد مؤشرات المستقبل البسيط‬ will be + V-ing in + ( ‫ )عدد‬+ (‫ ) زمن‬+ time. will be + V-ing XI. THE FUTURE PERFECT  THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ will, shall + have + V.3 ]  KEY WORDS: by + ‫أحد مؤشرات المستقبل البسيط‬ will have + p.p by the time +sub + V.1 will have + p.p in + ( ‫ )عدد‬+ (‫ ) زمن‬+ time will have + P.P by the end of this + ‫ زمن‬+ will have + p.p XII. FUTURE WITH GOING TO 1. Future plans. can use it with: ‫مستقبل مخطط له‬ 2. Predictions that are based on evidence: ‫تنبؤ مع دليل‬ Auxiliaries: * Modals + base * Do + base * Have + V.3 * Be + V-ing 10  ‫كيفية دراسة األزمنة‪:‬‬ ‫‪Present‬‬ ‫‪Simple:‬‬ ‫تكرار‬ ‫‪Fact‬‬ ‫جدول زمني‬ ‫وصف حالة‬ ‫ثابت في‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫‪Continuous:‬‬ ‫فعل وقت‬ ‫حدث مؤقت‬ ‫مستقبل مخطط‬ ‫مستمر و‬ ‫الكالم‬ ‫له‬ ‫متكرر‬ ‫‪Perfect:‬‬ ‫فعل بدأ في الماضي و انتهى‬ ‫ماضي غير محدد‬ ‫قبل وقت قريب جدا‬ ‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫فعل بدأ في الماضي و ما زال‬ ‫أثر فعل‬ ‫‪continuous:‬‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫‪Past‬‬ ‫‪Simple:‬‬ ‫حدث في الماضي‬ ‫‪Continuous:‬‬ ‫زمن طويل ‪ ،‬زمن قصير‬ ‫زمن ماضي ‪This time +‬‬ ‫‪Perfect:‬‬ ‫حدث أول ‪ ،‬حدث ثاني‬ ‫زمن ماضي ‪By +‬‬ ‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫حدث أول ‪ ،‬حدث ثاني‬ ‫زمن ماضي ‪By +‬‬ ‫‪continuous:‬‬ ‫‪Future‬‬ ‫‪Simple:‬‬ ‫حدث في المستقبل‬ ‫قرار عفوي‬ ‫تنبؤ بدون‬ ‫دليل‬ ‫‪Continuous:‬‬ ‫زمن مستقبل ‪This time +‬‬ ‫‪ + time‬زمن ‪ +‬عدد ‪In +‬‬ ‫‪Perfect:‬‬ ‫زمن في المستقبل ‪By +‬‬ ‫‪ + time‬زمن ‪ +‬عدد ‪In +‬‬ ‫‪Be going to:‬‬ ‫مستقبل مخطط له‬ ‫تنبؤ مع دليل‬ ‫كيفية تصحيح الفعل‪:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬نعتمد على الفعل المساعد‬ ‫‪.2‬نعتمد على المؤشرو الفعل المساعد‬ ‫‪.3‬نعتمد على المؤشر‬ ‫‪.4‬نعتمد على أدوات الربط‬ ‫‪11‬‬ EXERCISE B: 1. The government has ………………………………………………… hard to raise the citizen’s awareness of human rights. (being worked, been working, be working) 2. Will you ………………………………………………… your homework by seven o’clock? (be doing, been doing, have done) 3. By the time we arrived, they had ………………………………………………… for an hour. (being talked, been talking, be talking) 4. Next month, our family ………………………………………………… in this house for a year. (will have lived, will be lived, will have living) 5. Eid Al Adha is a celebration that ………………………………………………… on the 10th of Thu-Al- Hujjah according to the Islamic Calendar.. (begin, begins, began) 6. This time next year, student will ………………………………………………… for the final exams. (be preparing, been preparing, have prepared) 7. The students in my class ………………………………………………… about their achievements in science when the bell suddenly rang (was talking, were talking, are talking) 8. Ibn Rushd who ………………………………………………… in Cordoba is a famous Islamic polymath. (is born, will be born, was born) 9. Ali had ………………………………………………… about his friend when he received an email from him. (being thinking, been thinking, be thinking) 10. The workers ………………………………………………… at the moment. They are on a break. (don’t work, wasn’t working, weren’t working) 11. By the time we arrived, they had ………………………………………………… for an hour. (being talked, been talking, be talking) 12. Look at the black sky! It ………………………………………………… to rain. (go, is going, was going) 13. The children ………………………………………………… in the yard for two hours. (has been playing, is playing, had been playing) 14. By the end of this month, we ………………………………………………… in this house for a year. (have lived, lived, will have lived) 15. Look! The plane ………………………………………………… to take off. (go, was going, is going) 16. Fatima …………………………………………………her work for two hours before she left the house. (is doing, have been doing, had been doing) 12