Midterm - Philippine Indigenous Communities PDF

LET'S TALK ABOUT PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES PRESENTED BY: CHARISSE CABARLES, LPT THE PHILIPPINES The Philippines were claimed in the name of Spain in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer sailing for Spain, who named the islands after King Philip II of Spain. The Philippines h...

LET'S TALK ABOUT PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES PRESENTED BY: CHARISSE CABARLES, LPT THE PHILIPPINES The Philippines were claimed in the name of Spain in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer sailing for Spain, who named the islands after King Philip II of Spain. The Philippines has a democratic government, a constitutional republic with a presidential system. The ten most depicted traits were the following: pakikisama, hiya, utang na loob, close family ties, bahala na, amor propio, bayanihan, hospitality, ningas cogon, and respect for elders. These traits are analyzed from a social-psychological viewpoint. The Philippines is made up of more than 7,107 islands. And on every island, there is a paradise to be found, unique food to eat, a singular culture to experience, and new people to meet. THE PHILIPPINES Our culture even 100 years ago was already a mix —of Malay, Chinese, Hindu, Arab, Polynesian, and Spanish, with maybe some English, Japanese, and African thrown in. List of Regions in the Philippines Region I – Ilocos Region Region II – Cagayan Valley Region III – Central Luzon Region IV‑A – CALABARZON Region IV‑B - MIMAROPA Region Region V – Bicol Region Region VI – Western Visayas Region VII – Central Visayas THE PHILIPPINES Region VIII – Eastern Visayas Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula Region X – Northern Mindanao Region XI – Davao Region Region XII – SOCCSKSARGEN Region XIII – Caraga NCR – National Capital Region CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region BARMM – Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao  CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION AND LUZON INDIGENOUS GROUPS CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION CORDILLERAS - (CAR) As a physical region, the Cordillera — Gran Cordillera Central, to be complete — is a row of great mountain ranges occupying half of Northern Luzon in the Philippines. Its rugged mountainous backbone contains many peaks exceeding 2,000 meters in height, with rolling hills and stretches of river valleys along its flanks. Around 230 km long and 120 km wide, with an irregular shape, the mountainous region's estimated total area is about 17,500 square km. Thus, the Cordillera is both the highest and the single largest mass of mountains in the entire Philippine archipelago. SIX PROVINCES AND A CITY This region comprises six provinces: Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Kalinga, Ifugao, Mountain Province, and the Chartered City of Baguio. Igorot is the mainstream, collective name of several of the tribes in the Cordilleras (the political name of the area is the Cordilleras Administrative Region or CAR). ABRA Tinggian (Itneg, Binongan) Otherwise known as Itneg or literally, Itineg, which means people living near the Tineg River  ABRA Music is an important aspect of Binongan Tinguian culture. Singing is a normal occurrence in the KALALENT/ GANGSA community and KALALENG KULINTANG in the work fields. (GUITAR)  ABRA Traditional religion is based on beliefs in the spirits or anitos, locally called "sasairo" who are natural deities, leader spirits (good or bad), and ancestral spirits. Spirits are revered and feared. They have adopted certain measures to protect themselves and their property. They conduct ceremonies, offer food and drinks, and perform magical acts to ill-disposed spirits to ensure good harvests. APAYAO Isneg (Isnag, Apayao) The Isneg, also Isnag or Apayao, live at the northwesterly end of northern Luzon, in the upper half of the Cordillera province of Apayao.  APAYAO The spiritual world of the Isneg is populated by more than 300 anito (spirits), who assume various forms. There are no gods or hierarchical deities in the otherworld of the Isneg— only good or bad spirits. The chief spirits are Anlabban, who looks after the general welfare of the people and is recognized as the special protector of hunters; Bago, the spirit of the forest; and Sirinan, the river spirit. Some spirits can bring hardship into the life of the Isneg. One such spirit is Landusan, who is held responsible for some cases of extreme poverty.  APAYAO The Isneg house is called binuron. It is regarded as the largest and among the most substantially constructed houses in the Cordilleras. The binuron is a multifamily, one-room, rectangular dwelling supported by 15 wooden piles, with a clearance from the ground of about 1.2 meters. It measures about 8 meters long, 4 meters wide, and 5.5 meters from the ground to the roof ridge.  BENGUET There are various indigenous groups: Kankana-ey Iyaplay Bontoc Ibaloi (Ibaloy, Nabaloi) Karao (Karaw)  BENGUET Kankanaey In cultural terms, they comprise a very distinct group. They occupy the area drained by the Amburayan rivers. They are divided into two groups – the Northern and Southern Kankanaey. Both groups practice swidden and wet rice agriculture, fish, hunt and forage. The Kankanaey have their own language called Mankayan, which is closely related to the languages of the lfugao and the Bontok, two groups with which the Kankanaey share geographical borders. Bakun-Kibungan, Guinzadan, Kapangan, and Mankayan-Buguias are classified as dialects of the Kankanaey language.  BENGUET Kankanaey Gold mines have always been known to exist in the Cordilleras and were the primary reason why the Spanish colonizers attempted to conquer it. The Kankanaey gold miners traded with the lowlanders for Ilocano blankets, Pangasinan salt, and livestock, as well as for prestige items like Chinese porcelain jars, beads, cattle, pigs, and other livestock to be slaughtered for their extravagant feasts.  BENGUET Kankanaey Because of the long years of missionary presence in the Kankanaey areas, the people have been Christianized. Although many have professed faith in Christ, most of them still engage in pagan practices as shown in many of their rituals during weddings, rites of passage, planting and harvest, medicine and others. KALINGA The Kalinga people are mainly found in Kalinga province. Among the multifarious sub-tribes that exist in the area, the Kalinga people are its most prominent: an indigenous collective of traditional rice farmers and craftsmen which, throughout its vast history, has successfully avoided colonization. The Kalinga people have a reputation for being “the strong people of the Cordilleras.”  KALINGA Virtually all of the tribal groups living in the Philippines are farmers. Some of the tribes have been heavily influenced by plantation agriculture. Others living in the mountainous areas are still primarily hunters and gatherers. In the past, they gained leadership and respect through headhunting, along with other skills at which an individual excelled.  KALINGA The Kalingas are a proud people and are well known for their intricate hand-woven textiles and beautiful and colorful beaded jewelry. Every celebration incorporates dance and traditional music as a form of thanksgiving and cultural preservation. The process of tattooing is known amongst the Kalinga people as batok, and the resulting designs are symbolic of strength and power – to the extent that dinuras were typically viewed as imperfect, and shamed.  KALINGA For the men of the tribe, tattoos represent courage and the stages of being a Kalinga warrior, while for women they symbolize maturity, fertility, and beauty. For females, tattooing could begin as early as nine or ten years old, and is undertaken by the highly revered tattoo artist (mambabatok) via a painful process: “The mambabatok traces a template of the design on the skin using a rice or bamboo stalk before using the gisi, the tapping instrument where the needle is anchored, to tap the ink into the skin,” explains Sugguiyao. APO WHANG-OD IFUGAO Ifugao - Banaue Rice Terraces The word Ifugao is said to have come from ipugo, which means “from the hill.” The tribes’ main source of living is agriculture because they are surrounded by mountain ranges. Their great irrigated rice terraces and an abundant amount of sweet potatoes form the staple diet of the poor class. Pigs and chickens are also raised, primarily for the numerous rituals and sacrifices. IFUGAO About half of all Ifugaos have embraced Christianity but their animist beliefs have been absorbed into their Christian beliefs. The Ifugao have traditionally believed their lives were ruled by spirits called “anitos”. Ifugao and Ilocano women have traditionally worn short, tight-fitting, hand-woven skirts with colorful horizontal stripes, with a white short-sleeve blouse and loose striped jackets. They have traditionally gone barefoot and sometimes tied a colored band around their head.  MOUNTAIN PROVINCE The Bontoc are found in the Mountain Province of the Cordillera mountain ranges in the upper Chico River region. They use dams, diverted streams and wooden troughs to irrigate agricultural land. Bontoc villages are organized in wards called “ato”. Each village has between six and 19 ato and each ato has 14 to 50 houses.  MOUNTAIN PROVINCE Traditional religion remains strong among the Bontoc, especially spirits associated with the dead. These spirits, known as “anito”, and Lumawig is the supreme deity. OTHER INDIGENOUS GROUPS LIVING IN LUZON AETA /AGTA indigenous people who live in the mountains of Luzon, particularly in the provinces of Zambales, Bataan, Tarlac, Pampanga, and Nueva Ecija. They are known for their hunting and gathering skills and their knowledge of the forest. GADDANG Ga-dang. They live in Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela Provinces DUMAGAT-REMONTADO Indigenous community in Rizal, and along the Sierra Madre mountain ranges IVATAN The Ivatan people are an Austronesian ethnolinguistic group native to the Batanes and Babuyan Islands of the northernmost Philippines. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!