Mindanao Island History & Cultural Communities PDF

LESSON 2: Brief History of Mindanao Island  MINDANAO The name Mindanao derived from the Maguindanaos. Second larger Island in the Philippines after the Luzon. Mindanao is known for its rugged, faulted mountains, including Mount Apo, an active volcano and the highest peak...

LESSON 2: Brief History of Mindanao Island  MINDANAO The name Mindanao derived from the Maguindanaos. Second larger Island in the Philippines after the Luzon. Mindanao is known for its rugged, faulted mountains, including Mount Apo, an active volcano and the highest peak in the Philippines. Mindanao is home to diverse flora and fauna including the rare Philippine eagle.  MINDANAO Historically, Mindanao has been considered the country’s “pioneer frontier’’ due to its vast undeveloped fertile land. Agriculture plays crucial role in Mindanao’s economy. ✔ Corn, rice, abaca, bananas, pineapples, mangoes and coconuts, cotton, ramie, coffee, and cacao. The island is also rich in natural resources, including timber, gold, nickel, iron, and coal deposits.  MINDANAO HAS DISTINNCT CULURAL AND RELIGIOUS IDENTITY ISLAM being prominent religion. It is home to numerous mosques. The arrival of Austronesian peoples around 1500 BC led to the spread of Islam. Islamic culture is evident in the local traditions and brassware craftsmanship's, including the productions of the kris dagger. LESSON 3: CULTURAL COMMUNITY IN MINDANAO  LUMAD The Lumad, indigenous cultural communities (ICC). Approximetly their population is 10%. The “Lumad’’ a bisaya word meaning ‘’native or indegenous’’. They distinguish themselves from Christians and Muslim in the Regions. The Lumad are non-Muslim or Non- Christian.  LUMAD Historically, they have been pushed into the mountains and forest by lowlanders as towns and cities were established. Many ICC members do not poses money or private property and face widespread discrimination. Republic Act 6734, enacted during Corazon Aquino’s, to differentiate these ethnic communities from the Bangsamoro People.  COTABATO MANOBO Resided in the southwest highlands of Minadanao. Known as the Dulagan and Tudag. They have mostly embraced Christianity and assimilated into mainstream society resulting in the disappearance of their traditional culture.  COTABATO MANOBO In the past, Cotabato Monobo boys and girls would undergo a ceremony involving filing and blackening their teeth. Followed by ritual tasting of new rice to mark their transition into adulthood. COTABATO MANOBO  BAGOBOS Reside in the mountain region of Mindanao between the upper Pilangi and Davao rivers. They known as the Manobo, Manuvu, Obbo, and Obo.  BAGOBOS Bagobos are divided into two main groups: 1. COASTAL BAGOBO Influenced by Christianity and plantation culture and have assimilated to large extent. 2. UPLAND BAGOBO Practice slash-and burn agriculture Rely on hunting, gathering and fishing for about 25 percent of their food. Some upland Bagobo villages are small, consisting of only few families living a top hills. While othes are larger.  BAGOBOS Bagobos is characterized by strict incest, taboos, the formation of vengeance groups, and the production of long epic poems called tuwaang.  BILAAN OR B’LAAN People inhabit south-central Mindanao. Also Known as the Baluad, Baraan,Bilanes, Biran, Blann, Buluan, Buluanes, Tagalagad, Takogan, Tumanao, Vilanes. They Live in Scattered houses among garden and are ruled by datu. Traditionally Bilaan people wrap their dead in tree barks, suspending them from treetops. BILAAN OR B’LAAN  BUKIDNON PEOPLE Reside in the highlands of north-central Mindanao. Also known as the Binokid, Binukid, Higaonan, and Higaunen. They have historically been Farmers. ✔ Crops such as corn, rice, sweet potatoes, bananas, and coconuts.  BUKIDNON PEOPLE Water buffalo were used for plowing fields. Many Bukidnon have assimilated, and most are catholic. In past, they lived in communal houses with up to fifty families but now reside in single-family houses.  MANDAYA Are an Animist ethnic group residing along the Mayo River. In the past, Mandaya youth would file and blacken their teeth upon reaching puberty.  T’BOLI PEOPLE ‘’Tiboli’’ Live in the southern part of Cotabato province, particularly around Lake Sebu, west of General Santos City. T’boli practiced ‘’slash and burn’’ agriculture.  THE MUSLIMS Largest minority in the Philippines. They Follow Islamic Faith and possess a unique culture influenced by Islam. Islam entails complete submission to the will of Allah, which encompasses all aspects of a person’s life, including business, government, education, social life, arts and culture.  THE MUSLIMS The muslims’ creed is straightforward: ‘’There is no god but Allah and Mohammed is His Mssenger.’’ Their holy scripture is the Al-Qur’an (Koran). Philippine Muslim Consist of various subgroups:  MAGUINDANAO Reside in Pulangi area Maguinadanao originated from ‘’people of flooded plain’’ Largest Muslim Group in the Philippines. th They converted to Islam between the 15 th and 16 centuries.  MARANAO Reside around lake Lanao. Known as ‘’ People of the lake’’ Maranao culture blends Islamic principles with traditional beliefs, often referred to as "folk Islam."  MARANAO They form the largest Muslim community and cultural minority in the country. Maranao families are traditionally large and closely knit, and some individuals from ancestral "royalty" maintain political prominence.  TAUSUG They are known as "people of the current" or "brave people." The Tausug are spread across the Sulu Islands and have also influenced other areas, including Tawi-Tawi, Palawan, Basilan, Zamboanga, and Sabah.  SAMA The Sama people, including the sub-group Badjao, are scattered throughout the Sulu Archipelago. They are often referred to as sea-gypsies due to their close connection with maritime activities.  SAMA Their traditional lifestyle involves constant movement among the islands and living on water. Sama communities rely on fishing and engage in trade with northern Bornço cities.  YAKAN The Yakan people primarily reside in Basilan, south of Mindanao. They integrate Islamic principles with traditional beliefs, referred to as "folk Islam.“ The Yakan have remained separate from other ruling authorities, except those of their own sultanates and datus.  IRANUN The Iranun people are considered the origin of ethnic groups in Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao areas. Historically, they fought under the Maguindanao sultanate, and many Maguindanao sultans were of Iranun descent.  KOLIBUGAN The Kolibugan people, also known as "half-breeds," have a culture influenced by intermarriage with Muslim communities. They are originally from the Subanon tribes but have adopted Islam through intermarriage. The term "kolibugan" is also used to refer to all individuals who accepted Islam through intermarriage.  SANGIL The Sangil people inhabit Balut Sarangani, parts of South Cotabato, and Davao Del Sur provinces. They originated from the Sanghe Islands in Indonesia, giving rise to their name. The Sangil were already Muslims before arriving in the Philippines They are known for boat-making skills and have been associated with buccaneering activities against Spanish territories.  KALAGAN The Kalagan people are primarily found in the Davao provinces. They embraced Islam through the influence of the Maguindanao and Tausug communities. However, after the departure of the Maguindanao sultanate and Tausug, the Kalagan faced marginalization and limited social development.  MUSLIM INHABITANTS OF PALAWAN The Muslim populations in Palawan, including Batarasa, Quezon, Brooke's Point, Espanola, Narra, Roxas, Taytay, and Aborlan, were Islamized through the influence of the Sulu sultanate. Tausug individuals played a role in introducing Islam to the local people.  JAMA MAPUN The Jama Mapun people are concentrated on Cagayan de Sulu Island. They lead a land-based existence and engage in maritime trade, focusing on copra and forest products. They maintain a political structure revolving around the Sultanate, and their music and dance are influenced by Southeast Asia.  BADJAO The Badjao, known as the "Sea Gypsies," inhabit coastal areas of Tawi-Tawi, Sulu, Basilan, and some municipalities of Zamboanga del Sur. They are skilled fishermen, divers, and navigators, living on houseboats and relying solely on the sea for their livelihood. The Badjao engage in barter trade with shore communities for agricultural produce and supplies. Their cultural rituals are cantered around their relationship with the sea.  SUBANUN The Subanun people are animist slash-and-burn agriculturists residing in the forested areas of southern Mindanao. They differ significantly from the Muslim and Christian lowlanders surrounding them. Historically, they faced exploitation and enslavement by coastal Muslim communities.  SUBANUN Subanun settlements are widely dispersed, and they practice manual farming without plows or hoes. They rely on forest products, hunting, fishing, and gathering for sustenance. Gender roles within the Subanun society are equally divided between men and women. ThanK You