MAPEH Study Guide PDF

YOHANNN KYLIE P. SOTTO 4- ONYX MAPEH 1\. The Indigenous Communities Our country is home to many indigenous people with their unique beliefs. Groups of Igorot, Mangyan, and Tagbanua of Luzon; the Ati and Negrito of Visayas; and the Bagobo, Manobo, and T\'boli of Mindanao are just some of the indig...

YOHANNN KYLIE P. SOTTO 4- ONYX MAPEH 1\. The Indigenous Communities Our country is home to many indigenous people with their unique beliefs. Groups of Igorot, Mangyan, and Tagbanua of Luzon; the Ati and Negrito of Visayas; and the Bagobo, Manobo, and T\'boli of Mindanao are just some of the indigenous peoples in the Philippines. They believe in a creator of the land, the seas, the forests, and the skies. They believe that there are gods or spirits who are one with Mother Nature. Music is an essential part of communicating with these spirits. Members of cultural communities sing to pray to their respective gods. They dance to please the good spirits they believe in to give them blessings in return. Sometimes, they play buzzing instruments to drive away bad spirits that may harm them. Just like many of us, the country\'s indigenous groups also have specific music for special occasions like birth, harvest, marriage, healing, and death. Musical instruments such as drums, gongs, and bamboo flutes are used in their rituals and ceremonies. These practices became traditions and were passed down from the elderly to their children, like teaching them how to use music when praying. What do your prayers include? What do you think of when you are praying? 2\. The Islamic Communities Many of our fellowmen believe in the Islamic faith. In Mindanao, indigenous Muslim groups include the Maranao, Tausug, and the Magindanaon, to name a few. Muslims also have music for religious purposes. They sing chants for prayers and play instruments as reminders of their holy hours. Rhythmic chants are used to recite religious messages, which areand sacred. Nevertheless, it has become a vocal tradition for them today. They also use drums and gongs to express their faith, such as the kulintang, which is sometimes played in their rituals and cultural events. 3\. The Christian Communities The Spaniards had a great influence not only on the cultural practices of the Filipinos but also on their religious beliefs. Sacred music is performed or composed for church gatherings and fellowships. Part of sacred music is liturgical music, which is music used for the mass. All liturgical music is sacred, but not all sacred music is liturgical. Devotional music, on the other hand, accompanies other religious observances. The other types of Catholic celebrations accompanied by sacred music are: a\. Pastores is a Christmas folk song and dance; it acts out how the shepherds came to visit Jesus the child in a manger. Theysing joyful songs that have a message about the people\'s common good. b\. Pasyon is sung during the Lenten season. It portrays events from the Old and New Testaments about the life, sufferings, and death of Jesus. Below is an excerpt from a Pasyon. Notice that the movement of the notes is in stepwise motion so that the chanters can easily predict the direction of the melody and sing it with much more ease. The Protestant religion has its own version of sacred music. When the Americans ruled the Philippines during the late 19th to early 20th centuries, European and American missionaries brought with them the Protestant religion and music, which were commonly written in the genre known as hymns. The reformers of the church based their songs\' lyrics on the Biblical psalms or other Bible passages. Protestant congregations were also encouraged to sing in the people\'s own language. For the Iglesia Ni Cristo, singing hymns is an integral part of its congregational worship services, the most important gathering of its members. Led by the choir, the hymns are manifestations of the church\'s utmost reverence for and faith in God. Those hymns not only honor and glorify God but also convey the church\'s teachings that are written in the Bible. The hymns may be in Tagalog or the vernacular, and English or other foreign languages. These are considered sacred in both the worship services for adults and children. Activity 3: \"Si Hesus\" For the Christians, sing along with this beautiful song. On the internet, type the keyword: \"Si Hesus Lyrics by Wawi and Kimi Music TV.\" Play it as your guide while you sing. Then, try to clap the syllables of the song to play its rhythm. Rhythm Have you ever found yourself stomping your feet to a song\'s beat? How about tapping in to the words of a song? If you do this, notice that some sounds are short while others are long. Combining short and long sounds will create rhythm. Rhythm refers to the flow or pattern of sound and silence arranged in music. It is the timing of short and long sounds. Sounds may pause or stop at some points, with silences that can also be short or long. Rhythm helps set the mood or feel of the music. If you try to tap, clap, or rap the notes of any popular song you know, then you are actually playing its rhythm. Each note or rest has a corresponding length called a beat. The number of beats guides you on how long or short a note or rest takes. The beat has a steady pulse that helps organize the timing of the rhythm. It guides singers, musicians, or even dancers in order to sing, play, or move on time or in sync with others.\ \ Study the following music symbols: bem asiloss\ A sheet of music with notes Description automatically generated A note indicates sound, while a rest indicates silence. Practice drawing each note and rest in your notebook. Then, watch and enjoy these online videos that feature games! They will surely make you learn rhythm in a very fun and easy way. 1\. \"Can You Beat Mozi in Clap the Rhythm!/Clapping Rhythm Game for Kids\" 2\. \"Rhythm Lesson\" by singtolearn 3\. \"Introduction to Rhythm Reading: Stage One\" 4\. \"Musical Fruits - Rhythm Syllables Clap-Along\" 5\. \"What Is Rhythm?/Music Lessons for Kids\" **Tempo** What is tempo? We mentioned earlier that beats and rhythm can be fast or slow, and this is what we call tempo. Tempo is the speed of the beat in music. It lets the musicians know how fast or slow they should sing or play. How do you see tempo on a music sheet? Tempo is written on a music sheet using tempo markings. Tempo marks are written at the beginning of a musical piece. The speed and mood of a musical composition are indicated by Italian words. The common tempo markings are:  B. Religious Theater and Dance Religious theater and dance existed in the Philippines before the Spanish colonizers came. In the mountains and islands where many Filipino tribes live, music performances are played as part of rituals and ceremonies. Songs and dances are used to communicate with spirits, worship gods, heal the sick, or ask for blessings. Theater forms, which are accompanied by music, show religious beliefs and practices. People are not only entertained, but their faith becomes stronger through the things that they see and hear in stage performances. The Senakulo is a Lenten theater play that shows biblical events in the life, sufferings, and death of Jesus Christ. When performed on stage, it uses solemn music with a mellow rhythm and a slow tempo. When performed on the streets, it uses faster and livelier beats. The moro-moro, also known as komedya, is the earliest known theater in the Philippines and was created by Spanish priests. It is a folk drama about the wars between the Christians and Muslim Moros in the country. Classical music is used to accompany its performance. Fast rhythms are played by wind and percussion instruments during battle scenes to depict action and excitement. In Bulacan, the Obando fertility dance is a prayer dance for people who hope to bear a child. It originated from a babaylan ritual dance, from which the Spanish created their version to convert natives into Catholics. It includes playing instruments made from bamboo, and its beat and tempo are based on street-dance rhythm. In Palawan, the Pagdiwata is a Tagbanua feast dance to thank the nature deities for a good harvest, mend warring factions, drive away harmful spirits, and prevent illnesses. Its music includes singing chants and playing bamboos, gongs, and drums made of animal skin that play rhythms and beats. In Mindanao, the Sagayan is a Maguindanao and Maranao war dance that shows Prince Bantugan\'s heroism. Warrior-like dancers carry shields with shell noisemakers and swords. They dance to the rhythmic beats of the tagunggo or gong ensemble. Its tempo fits dance steps like stomping, jumping, rolling, kicking, sweeping arms, and curving hands. Music instruments include drums made from indigenous materials and animal skin. Rhythm and Repetition When there is a repetition of lines, shapes, and colors, there is pattern and rhythm in an artwork. Examples of patterns are the repetition of shapes of boxes or flowers in either a straight line from left to right or from top to bottom. Patterns are useful in decorating dresses, bags, shoes, and many more. Rhythm creates a kind of structure for an artwork. It makes artwork more visually interesting. It also shows a sense of movement. What are the common art designs of popular religious festivals? Costumes and Mask Designs in Philippine Religious Festivals 1. Ati-Atihan The festive events include traditional dances, colorful and stylish costumes, and vibrant music. Pictures and statues of the Sto. Niño are part of the properties at the festival. 2. Sinulog  The participants are dressed in their colorful and attractive attires. The skirt and sleeves are wavy, so they move in such a way that they look like waves of water when participants dance. 3. Dinagyang A page of a book with pictures Description automatically generated Marked with traditional dancers in colorful costumes. Colorful masks are made of beads, sequins, and feathers. 4. Santacruzan  Colorful pageant parade representing religious figures. This summer activity is especially marked by parades of men and women in their best Philippine-inspired attires. Another symbol of this festivity are the grand bamboo arches filled with colorful fresh or paper flowers and ribbons that are hand-carried by the participants.\ \ What is a Family? A family is a group of people who are related to each other. The relationship can be by blood or adoption. Each of these individuals in a family is called a family member. Every person is a member of or part of a family. The family is considered the basic unit of society. This is why parents teach their children how to behave in society. Parents teach the members of the family to take care of, to love, and to support each other. The goal is to have a happy and healthy family. Characteristics of a Healthy Family 1\. A healthy family respects its members\' opinions and has healthy boundaries. Respect means treating someone in a polite way or showing high regard for something or someone. Here are some ways on how to show respect to family members: Being polite and courteous Helping family members without being asked Being kind and thoughtful Listening to the family's advice\ \ In a family, setting boundaries is important to having a healthy relationship. Setting healthy boundaries wil help build trust and respect among family members. Boundaries can be physical, emotional, time-related, or material. Physical Boundary Personal space Setting who can touch you Setting where, when, and how they may touch you\ \ Time Boundary Having time for yourself without distraction How much time you\'ll spend on an activity Emotional Boundary Learning how to say \"No!\" Allowing time to cool off Expressing how you feel in an honest and respectful way. Expressing your discomfort clearly Material Boundary Setting limits on what you can share with others Setting limits on what you can accept from others 2\. A healthy family enforces clear, fair, and age-appropriate rules. A healthy family has rules. These rules serve as a guide for family members to know what behavior is right or wrong. This will also develop discipline and respect, making the relationship healthy. Here are some examples: **House Rules** Observe a 30-minute playtime. Go straight home after class. Observe 1-hour TV time. Make bed upon waking. Finish homework before playing. Wash dishes after eating. 3\. A healthy family communicates openly. Family members in a healthy family share feelings, thoughts, and experiences with each other. Through this, children and other family members can express their needs, wants, feelings, and concerns for each other. Open communication among family members is necessary. This will strengthen the bond between family members, leading to a more loving and trusting feeling in the family. Even with distance, family members can always communicate with the use of technology. 4\. A healthy family manages conflict effectively. A healthy family tries to manage conflicts as they arise. It doesn\'t allow conflicts to destroy the relationships between family members. Here are some ways in which conflict can be managed in the family: Managing Conflicts in the Family Take a time-out. This allows you to relax. Listen to your parents\' advice. Keep calm. Manage your emotions. Accept your mistake. Be forgiving. 5\. A healthy family finds time together and makes social connections. Members of a healthy family always find time to be together. They bond together by going to picnics or by doing physical activities. Importance of Promoting a Healthy Family It develops the positive self-concept of members. It makes members feel secure and loved. It helps in the healthy development of children. To promote a healthy family, each member has roles and responsibilities. Roles and Responsibilities of Family Members in Promoting Family Health What is the importance of promoting a healthy family? 1\. Parent/s or Guardian/s Parents are the ones expected to set exar and be models for their children. They are the responsible for modeling positive behaviors suc healthy eating habits, doing regular physical acti building good relationships, and healthy bound They are responsible for ensuring that their chi grow up healthy in all aspects.\ \ 2. Child/Children Children are expected to do the following: Treat their parents and other members of the family with respect. Help with household chores, as this develops a sense of responsibility. Observe and set healthy boundaries. Learn to communicate openly and honestly with family members to ensure a healthy relationship. Participate in physical activities to promote physical health. 3\. Other Family Members Other family members, such, as grandparents, help in developing a healthy family by interacting with each other in loving and responsible ways. They also provide support and guidance by sharing their wisdom and life experiences to promote the overall well-being of the family. Physical Activity Participation in Improving Family Health Aside from good family relationships, physical health is also important for improving family wellness. Family members can do simple exercises or games together. Doing these activities is a good chance to bond, which can promote healthy habits. Regular physical activity participation as a family can improve physical health, mental well-being, and social interaction. This can enhance overall family health and well-being. Benefits of Physical Activities on Family Health Here are some benefits of physical activities: improves sleep forms healthy habits increases energy level improves mental well-being prevents diseases amore family members strengthens bonds and overall relationship between family members - serves as a fun and healthy way to relax and spend time together with family members Now that you know the benefits of physical activities in promoting family wellness, you will learn more skills and games that will help you perform physical activities. The movements shown in the pictures are examples of locomotor and manipulative skills. They are also called physical foundational skills that lead to a more complex physical activity. Therefore, participating in physical activities can help and attain health and wellness. Foundational Movements and Skills What are the fundamental movements and skills? Are you aware of the movements of your body whenever you work or play? For example, when you do household chores such as washing the dishes or sweeping the floor, you need to move your hands, arms, and feet to accomplish these tasks. Likewise, when you play a game, you also need to move the different parts of the body in a correct and proper manner. Learners like you move a lot---be it alone, with a classmate, or in a group using fundamental movements. These fundamental movements and skills can be categorized as: Non-locomotor skills: Movements where the body remains in place but moves around its horizontal and vertical axes. Swaying Bending Twisting Swinging Curling Stretching Locomotor skills: They refer to movements such as running, jumping, hopping, and galloping. Object control: These are the skills that include catching, throwing, kicking, dribbling, and striking. All movements that take place in relation to the environment, other people, or an object is called movement relationship.\ \ 3. Chasing: This is done when the tagger tracks and chases down the runner. The runner must anticipate and outwit the tagger. Game Concepts What are invasion games? What games do you play? Do you play alone, or in groups? Do you run, jump, or just sit while playing? Invasion games, also called territory games, are activities in which the players show the ability to move, occupy the opponents\' space, and defend their base in order to score a goal. This game includes skills such as defending and attacking or invading. This game needs teamwork to stay in control and keep possession of the players\' territory. Teamwork is also needed to be able to, move into a scoring position, and prevent the opposing team from scoring. Following the rules of the game is also important in order to have \"fair Playing invasion games is fun and helps in promoting a healthy and active lifestyle, especially for young learners who are active and full of energy. Games help in developing interactive skills such as leading, following, and making decisions; and cooperative skills such as following directions and accepting individual differences. Philippine Traditional Games What are Filipino invasion games? Filipino invasion games, also called \"Laro ng Lahi.\" Some of the Filipino invasion games are the following: 1\. Patintero is a game composed of two opposing teams-one team is called the defenders, while the other team is called the attackers. The skills involved in the game are running, tagging, and crossing while in play. This game develops agility, balance, coordination, and speed. 2\. Agawan base is an invasion game that is played by two teams. The objective of the game is to protect each member of the team from being captured by the opposing team. This game involves running, chasing, and tagging. This game also develops agility, balance, coordination, and speed.