Midterm Itc-Rev PDF

INTRO TO COMP REVIEWER  Question 1 Programmable computing device that can process, store, and retrieve data. play an integral part in modern society by transforming the modern COMPUTER world  Question 2 processed according to the software's...

INTRO TO COMP REVIEWER  Question 1 Programmable computing device that can process, store, and retrieve data. play an integral part in modern society by transforming the modern COMPUTER world  Question 2 processed according to the software's instructions or commands. COMPUTER DATA  Question 3 originates as a word referring to someone who manually carried out calculations instead of an actual machine COMPUTER  Question 4 Large machines consisting of thousands of vacuum tubes were part of the early digital computers built in this period. These typically filled an entire room. 1940’s and 1950’s  Question 5 a sequential device that operates data one at a time. The data are represented in the binary format of “0” and “1”; a single transistor is used Digital to symbolize a binary digit. Computers  Question 6 The representation of data reflects the properties of the data being modeled in an ______ computer. For example, data and numbers may be represented by physical quantities such as electric voltage, whereas digital computers use a stream of binary digits to represent them. Analog Computers  Question 7 He did the early foundational work on analog computation Invented a wheel and a disc integrator used in mechanical analog devices. Worked with his brother Lord Kelvin James Thomson  Question 8 Detailed a general-purpose analog machine for integrating linear differential equations of any sequence. Built a tide predicting analog computer used at the Port of Liverpool. Tide-predicting machines are used to forecast tide patterns and their unsteady height variations Lord Kelvin  Question 9 He developed the first large-scale, general- purpose analog computer called the “Differential Analyzer.” Vannevar Bush  Question 10 weighed 100 tons, integration and differential equation problems to be quickly resolved. contained wheels, discs, shafts, and gears. contained up to 150 motors and lengthy wires. Differential Analyzer  Question 11 Analog computers were phased out shortly after _____ ___ __ WORLD WAR II  Question 12 These devices depended on the flow of electric current through a vacuum. Widely used in electronic devices such as televisions, radios, and computers until the invention of transistors. VACUUM TUBES  Question 13 The _____ generation of computers used thousands of bulky vacuum tubes, with several racks taking up an entire room. FIRST  Question 14 The _____ generation of digital computers used vacuum tubes such as the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) developed in 1942, Colossus in 1944, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) in the mid-1940s, Universal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I) in 1951; Whirlwind in 1951; and the IBM 701 in 1953. FIRST  Question 15 The vacuum tube used in the early computers was a three-terminal device consisting of a _______, ____, and _____. Cathode, Grid, and Plate.  Question 16 Fundamental building block in modern electronic systems for revolutionizing the field of electronics. Much smaller, cheaper, and more Transistor reliable based on functionality.  Question 17 Allows an electric switch to be created, which can be controlled by another electrical switch. Three-Terminal Transistor  Question 18 Three-terminal, solid-state electronic device that can control electric current or voltage between two terminals. It is achieved by applying an electric current or voltage to the third terminal. Transistor  Question 18 The ______ generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes, most evidently by the experiments by the University of Manchester. Second  Question 19 The result of their experiment on the transistor computer was one of the earliest transistor computers whose prototype machine appeared in 1953, with the full-size version commissioned in 1955. University of Manchester  Question 20 These consists of a set of electronic circuits on a small chip of semiconductor material smaller than a circuit made of independent components. Integrated Circuit  Question 21 He invented the integrated circuit in 1958. His idea to properly engineer a piece of germanium to act as several components simultaneously led to the birth of the first integrated circuit. Jack Kilby  Question 22 The use of semiconductors led to _____-generation computers, with significant advances in speed and efficiency. Users interacted with third-generation computers using keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system. Third  Question 23 It allowed the device to process several different applications simultaneously with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers became accessible to a broader audience as they became smaller and cheaper. Third  Question 24 This microprocessor was the world’s first microprocessor. It was the first semiconductor device that provided the functions of a computer at a chip level. It provided the basic building blocks for today’s microcomputers, including the arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) and the control unit. Intel P4004 1969  Question 25 The rise of microprocessors led to the ______ generation of computers with thousands of integrated circuits placed onto a single silicon chip. Fourth  Question 26 The rise of microprocessors led to the ______ generation of computers with thousands of integrated circuits placed onto a single silicon chip. Fourth  Question 27 It is the physical part of the machine Hardware  Question 28 It is a set of instructions that commands the computer what to do. Software  Question 29 It is not just a single device operating independently. It consists of various components with specific functions and features to support the entire system Computer System  Question 30 A computer system responds to the instructions it receives from the users and uses an input unit to acquire those instructions. It take user commands in the form of data and convert them into a digital language format sent to the processing unit for the next step. Input unit  Question 31 The data from the input unit proceeds to the processing unit before it is executed. It understands the command and how it can be achieved. It converts the data accepted in human language into machine language for computers to interpret. Central Processing Unit  Question 32 When data reaches the processor from input devices, this part saves it immediately. It is where all the information becomes available, and bits and bytes (8 bits) are used to measure data size. Responsible for storing data from input devices and storing the result data from output devices. Memory unit  Question 33 This manages the computer device functions and is the central component of the CPU. Once the data is in the memory, it processes it for execution. It is where the data conversion from human language to machine language. This unit maintains a data flow inside the system and transfers the commands to the arithmetic-logic unit. Control unit  Question 34 This processor is responsible for mathematical calculations and issues the computer system deals with while functioning. It is also used for data comparison and decision-making. Features to accomplish different mathematical solutions like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Arithmetic-Logical Unit  Question 35 When the input and central processing unit processes are accomplished, the data is fed to the output unit, where the result is shown. A computer monitor is one of the primary output devices that displays the results to the user. Output Unit  Question 36 Collection of software programs and commands that control computer hardware to make it usable. It allows the computing power of the hardware available to the computer users and manages the hardware to attain good system performance. Operating Systems (OS)  Question 37 Allow users to hide details of hardware by creating an abstraction. Abstraction  Question 38 Allow users to hide details of hardware by creating an abstraction. Abstraction  Question 39 Users may lose all the contents stored in the computer system whenever an issue occurs. Volatility  Question 40 offer an environment where users may execute programs or applications. Executable programs  Question 41 OS software is costly for small organizations, which can cause an additional financial burden. Expensive  Question 42 provides the computer system with easy-to- use format resources. User-friendly  Question 43 It is never secure, as threats can happen anytime. Unpredictable  Question 44 It is a family of graphical operating systems created by Microsoft. The original Windows 1.0 OS was introduced in 1985 as a graphical operating system shell to compete with Apple’s GUI OS in 1984. Currently, Microsoft Windows wins the personal computer and laptop market with over Microsoft 90% market share. Windows  Question 45 It is the desktop operating system created by Apple Inc., designed to work for Macintosh computers. Mac OS provides several different features, such as a graphical user interface, multitasking, and memory security. Mac OS  Question 46 It is a mobile operating system developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance designed for touchscreen smartphones and tablets. The first Android smartphone was released in late 2008, and Android remains the most widely used mobile operating system. Android  Question 47 It is a mobile operating system for Apple’s smartphones and tablets. It was developed from the MAC OS/X operating system in 2007. Multitasking for iOS was introduced in 2010 with the release of iOS version 4.0. iOS  Question 48 By the end of 1990, he had the first Web server and browser running at CERN while developing the code for his Web server on a NeXT Computer. To prevent it from being accidentally switched off, he put up a hand-written label in red ink that says "This machine is a server. DO NOT POWER IT DOWN!!" Tim Berners-Lee  Question 49 It is a network of web pages that are found using a link address. It is called the “___" based on its interconnected nature, designed to easily get various resources. Web  Question 50 The web allows access to an array of documents that are interconnected through hypertext or hypermedia links, i.e., hyperlinks and electronic connections that link similar pieces of information, allowing the user to smoothly transition from one page to another. Web  Question 51 He is a British scientist who invented the Web, also called World Wide Web (WWW), in 1989 while working at CERN. He wrote the first proposal for the Web in March 1989 and the second in May 1990. By November 1990, it was formalized as a management proposal with the help of Robert Cailliau, a Belgian systems engineer. Tim Berners-Lee  Question 52 The first web page went live on ____________, addressed as http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html. It contained links to the WWW project itself, including a description of a hypertext, technical information on the web server creation, and links to other web servers once they become available. August 6, 1991  Question 53 In March 1991, the WWW software became available to colleagues that use CERN computers. By August 1991, Burners-Lee announced his work on Internet newsgroups, making the interest in the project Extension and Going Global spread across the world.  Question 54 It was evident that the small team at CERN could not handle all the work, so he launched a plea for developers to join. By 1993, the (NCSA) released versions for PC and Macintosh environments. National Center for Supercomputing Applications  Question 55 It is a massive interconnection of networks connecting millions of computers globally, thus forming a network wherein any computer can communicate with other computers connected to it. Internet  Question 56 It is also a network of physical cables including copper telephone wires, TV cables, and fiber optic cables. Internet  Question 57 It is also a network of physical cables including copper telephone wires, TV cables, and fiber optic cables. Internet  Question 58 Process of Internet Connection The process of internet connection starts with entering a website. The computer then sends a request over the wires to a server where websites are stored, and once the request arrives, the server recovers the website and sends the retrieved data back to the computer.  Question 59 In 1962, computer scientist Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider, started an idea for a global computer network. Works by Leonard Kleinrock, Thomas Merrill, and Lawrence G. Roberts on packet-switching theory pioneered the world’s first wide-area computer network The 1960s  Question 60 Roberts then published a plan for (ARPANET), making it a standard for all military computer networking Advanced Research Projects Agency Network  Question 61 In 1982, the PhoneNet system was founded which is both connected to the ARPANET and the first commercial network, Telenet. It broadened internet access allowing email communication between various nations in the world. 1980’s  Question 62 Paul Mockapetris, Jon Postel, and Craig Partridge developed the ___________________ to control the increasing number of users on the internet using domain names Domain name system Question 63 What is the first domain? symbolics.com  Question 64 ARPANET was decommissioned in the 1990s. Tim Berners- Lee and his colleagues at CERN (HTML) and the (URL), giving birth to the first version of the World Wide Web. Microsoft launched Windows 95. Online businesses like Amazon, Yahoo, and eBay followed suit, and Java is created 1990’s  Question 65 What does HTML and URL stands for? hypertext markup language (HTML) and the uniform resource locator (URL)  Question 66 The rise and the burst of the dot-com bubble or the Internet bubble. It is the period between 1995-2000 when investors financially supported Internet-based startups hoping they would all turn massive profits. Google’s meteoric rise and emergence of Wi-Fi. 2000’s  Question 67 The 2000s also saw Google’s meteoric rise to domination in the search engine market, besting Yahoo!, and MSN Search. This decade saw the emergence of Wi-Fi, a wireless Internet 2000’s Communication.  Question 68 Summarize the difference between Web and Internet. The web is an application built on the internet. The internet is the infrastructure that connects computer networks, while the web is a system of information accessible through the Internet.  Question 69 Sending an email is possible, regardless of the web or a web browser, as it uses SMTP which is a secure email relay service. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol  Question 71 Messages sent via mail can take days up to weeks to arrive, but with the use of email and social media sites, easier and instant communication has become available. It is instant as it is destructive. Thoughts can be communicated quicker, making misunderstanding a risk. Re-think messages concerning the other person. Communication  Question 72 Traditional books still exist, but so are the problems with accessibility. The web and the internet gave the world access to various information resources, from old books to newly published books in an e-book format. Access to general information is also made possible through search engine sites like Google. Downside of this is the false information, or “fake news” being spread with barely any fact-checking. Information  Question 73 Aims to deceive and create an alternative truth by twisting facts for someone else’s favor. Misinformation  Question 74 Far from the limited disk and cassette players and expensive channels in cable networks, the entertainment industry has been one of the most impacted areas of the web and the internet. Facebook and Twitter, the emergence of gaming has risen rapidly plus streaming services, where absence and lack of real human connection and interaction is present. Entertainment  Question 75 Video conferencing tools were effective for online classes, while online learning platforms such as the NEO eLMS portal were utilized to assess student skills remotely. One of the effects it created reflects on how students became too reliant and too comfortable Education  GOOD LUCK ON YOUR EXAMS, IT!