Middle English Period 1100-1500 PDF

MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD 1100 – 1500  THE NORMAN AND CENTRAL FRENCH INFLUENCE 1.the state administration terms: government, minister, state, nation, crown X words of Anglo-Saxon origin: king, lord, earl  Lexical level 2. military terminology...

MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD 1100 – 1500  THE NORMAN AND CENTRAL FRENCH INFLUENCE 1.the state administration terms: government, minister, state, nation, crown X words of Anglo-Saxon origin: king, lord, earl  Lexical level 2. military terminology: war, peace, enemy, officer 3. legal terms: justice, crime , penalty, prison; 4. religious terminology: service, pray, virgin, X words of A – S origin: god, heaven  Lexical level 5. past time activities & art: architecture, palace, poet, paint, chapter, beauty, sport, 6. cookery terms: roast, toast, sauce, boil, supper; X words of A – S origin: cook, breakfast...  Lexical level  kinds of meat are Norman: veal, beef, pork, mutton, venison BUT  names of domestic animals remained Anglo-Saxon: calf, cow, pig, lamb, ram, deer CENTRAL FRENCH INFLUENCE NORMAN CENTRAL FRENCH captain chieftain catch chase ward guard  GRAMMATICAL CONSEQUENCES - derivational morphemes: - age, - able, - ment, -fy, - analytical tendencies in the language = simplification (decay of inflections) STYLISTIC CONSEQUENCES SYNONYMOUS WORD PAIRS: LOWER STYLE HIGHER STYLE Anglo – Saxon Norman hearty cordial child infant might power wish desire  EARLY MORDERN ENGLISH 1500 - 1750  invention of printing (William Caxton);  formation of standard language  renewed interest in classical literature  GREACO-LATIN INFLUENCE IN THE AGE OF NEW LEARNING 1. Humanities: allegory, history, include, individual, nervous, picture, rational, summary, temporal - bookish words (written L)  Latin Loans  Natural sciences: tract, ulcer, acid, hydrogene, atom, nucleus, proton, radium, vertebrates, mammals, fungi, bacteria.  LATIN VIA FRENCH 1. PERFECTION MidE parfit > Lat. perfectus > ModE perfect 2. ADVENTURE MidE aventure > Lat. adventura > ModE adventure  STYLISTIC CONSEQUENCES - bookishness - abstractness and depersonalisation A-S NORMAN LATIN rise mount ascend time age epoch holy sacred consecrated  The Dutch Loans  lively political and commercial contacts LEXICAL LOANS 1. maritime terminology – deck, dock, yacht 2. drawing and painting – landscape, easel  The Italian Loans  lively business and cultural contacts LEXICAL LOANS 1. music – violin, soprano, alto; 2. architecture – fresco, balcony 3. business – risk, bankrupt, lottery 4. food – pasta, salami  The Spanish Loans 1. military terms – embargo, barricade, tank 2. agriculture – tobacco, banana, cocoa 3. meteorological phenomena – hurricane, tornado 4. other lexical loans: guitar, sombrero, sherry, cargo  Loans from other languages  Arabic: algebra, zero, alcohol  Turkish: coffee, kiosk, yoghurt  Russian: vodka, sputnik  German: kindergarten, sauerkraut  Czech/Slovak: robot