The German Epic - English Grade 10 Past Paper PDF

LESSON2–SECONDGRADI NG ENGLISH4–GRADE10 THEGERMANEPI C I ntr oduct ion Witht hefallofRome,Eur opes l ippedbac kwardalmos ti ntos avagery.Her eand thereweregr eatmen,...

LESSON2–SECONDGRADI NG ENGLISH4–GRADE10 THEGERMANEPI C I ntr oduct ion Witht hefallofRome,Eur opes l ippedbac kwardalmos ti ntos avagery.Her eand thereweregr eatmen,s ai nts,andmys t ics;butthemas soft hepeopl ewashel ples s bothagains tnat ureandagai nsttheiroppr ess ors,ther ai dings avages,ther oaming cri minals,t he domi neeri ng nobles.The ver y phys i calas pect of Eur ope was repel lent—ac ontinentofr ui nsandf ores t sdottedwi thrudeforts,mi s erablevil lages, ti ny,s c atteredt ownsj oi nedbyaf ew r oughroads ,betweenwhi chlaybac kwoods , areaswher et heinhabitantswereassavageast hoseinhabit ingCent ralAfr ica. TheseDarkAgesgavewayt ot heMi ddleAges,r epres entingthegr adualbut steadyandl abori ousprogres sofcivi l izati on.Litt lebyli ttl e,t hedar knessl ifted,and theGrec o-Romanc i vi li zat ionbegantor easser tits elf.Romanc i vi liz ationandc ul tur e hadnotc ompl etel yperi shed. How muchofitsurvived? Veryli ttl e.Thoughwhatc hannel sdiditsurvi ve?I t survi vedintheCathol icChurch,inthemonas t eri es.From ver yhumbl ebeginni ngs ,t he Churchroseintopowerandaut hori ty.Pr acti call yalli ntel l ec t ualpursui tsandac t ivit ies tookplacei nt hemonaster ies. Much oft he pr ogress oft he Middle Ages was educati onal.Uni versi ti es appearedli kebeac onsbeingl ift edonebyoneaf terablackout.TheUniver s ityof Sal ermowast hefirst,r apidlyfoll owedbyt heunivers iti esofBologna,Pari s,Ox for d, Cambr i dge,Salamanc aandHei delber g.Att hesamet i me,standardsofscholarshi ps ros ei nc ert ain monas tic orders.The learni ng and aest heti cs ensi bil i tyt hats ti ll sur vivedwerepr eservedint hemonas ter ies. Readi ngt heEpi c Theepicisamaj orl it erarytypei nanat i on’sli teratur e,itistheearl i estl i terary formt oappear.Theearl yepi cappear sinpr i sti nemor ni nglight.Ithasit sbas i si n prehis tory.The epi cisinsepar ablefrom the idea ofgr andeur,foritc ontains magnitudeoft heme,stor yli ne,andheroiccharact ers.Ofepicdeeds ,wari st hemos t obviousexampl e;so,anepi cc anpartl ybedes cri bedas“ anarrati veinversef ul lof warli keadventur es.” Fr om thisfundament ali deaofgr andeur,thefir stinferencetobedr awnisthat noman,pur elyasani ndivi dual,canbet hepropers ubjectofanepi c.Aheroremains anindivi dualalt houghher i sesabovet heaveragehumans t ature,butaherobecomes anepic,herowhenher epresentssomethinggreaterthanhi mself —anat i on,apeopl e, afaih.TheI t l i addoesnots i ngonl yoftheangerandt hewar l ikedeedsofAchil les.It rec all st hewhol e Troj an Wart hat,i nt heHomer icwor ld,wasan eventofgr eat magnit ude and import ance.The Aenei d,apar tfrom the wanderingsand warl ike advent uresofAeneas,opensanimpress iveprospectofthedes t inyofimperi alRome. TheSongofRol andnotonl ypi ctur estheprideandobs ti nac yofRolandbutisalso fi l ledwiththec rusadi ngz ealofamanwhor epresentsChri sti anit yagainstI sl am. I nEur ope,theMi ddleAgeswasanageofepi cs,theoldestoft hes eEur opean epicsistheEnglis hepi c,Beowul f.I trelat esinc i dent st hattookpl ac easear lyasA.D. 520.It sc hiefi nter es tl i esi nt hefactthatitgi vesusapi ctur eofas t ageofc ivil i zat ion earl ierthananyot herEur opeanepi c.Thet ypeofl i fedes cri bed,t hedisorgani zed worldoft ri bals tates,t her aidingparti es,andt hegal lantc hi efsaremuc hli kewhatar e foundint heHomer i cepi c s. TheEuropeancountr iesproduceds everalepics ,butonl yf ourst andoutas maj orepics.Thes earefrom Ger many,t heNi belungenl i ed;fr om Fr anc heSongof e,t Rol and;fr n,El om Spai Cid;andfr om Ital y,theDi vineComedy. TheGer manLi ter atur e Germanl iterat urecompr i sest he wr itt en wor ks of t he Ger man-s peaki ng peopl esofc entralEurope.Ithass hared thef ateofGer man pol i ti csand hi st ory: fragment ation and di s conti nuity.Ger manydi d notbec omeamoder n nat ion-state until1871,andt hepr i orhist oryoft hevariousGer mans t atesismar kedbywar f are, reli gioust urmoil,andper i odsofec onomi cdec li ne.Thi sfragmenteddevel opments ets Ger man literat ur e apartfrom t he nat i onalliteraturesofFr anceand Engl and,f or i ns tance,whi chenj oyeduninter rupt edbr i ll i anc efrom t heMi ddl eAgest othemoder n era.Never t heless ,Germanl i teratur ehasex perienced t hreeper i odsofes tablis hed great ness :t hehi ghMi ddleAges( c.1160–c.1230) ,thet urnoft he18t htot he19t h cent ury(t he“ ageofGoet he”) ,andt het urnofthe19t htot he20th. TheThr eeOut standi ngGer manWr iter s J OHANNWOLFGANGVONGOETHE Johann Wol fgang von Goet he was one of t he rar e gi ants of wor l d l iteratur e.Throughoutal ongandf ull l ife, he demons trated hi s pr olifi c genius i n many di fferent ar eas. Goet hec ompos edl iterarywor ksand establ i shed ar tisti c pr i nc i ples t hat had a pr ofound i nfl uenc e on hi s cont empor ar ies throughoutEur ope, and whi ch ares tilllooked t o as model s.Thepos it ionhehol dsint he devel opment of Ger man l iter at ure and t hought i s l ike t hat whi ch Shakes peare has i n t he Engl i s h- speaki ngc ountries. Goethe wasbor n August28, 1749,in Frankfurt- am-Main,Ger many,t o aweal t hy,middle-c las sfamil y.Hewas educatedathomebyhi sfatherandtutorsuntil1765,whenhewass entt oLeipzi gt o st udylaw,hi sfather' spr ofessi on.Goethehads hownhisli terar ytalentevenasac hil d. WhileatLeipzi ghebegant owr i tebri ll iantlyr icpoetryandc ompl et edhisfir sttwoful l -l engthplays,althoughthes ewer enotpr oducedunt i lsomeyearslater. Aft era s er ious i l lness and an ext ended convales cence athome,Goet he res umed hislegalstudi esatSt r asbour g and completed the c oursein 1771.He conti nued hi sli ter aryac t ivi ti est her eand becameac quai nted wit hs ever alofthe youngerGermanpoetsandcrit ics. Byt het i meofhi sdeath,Goet hehadat t ainedapos i ti onofunpr ecedented est eem int heli teraryandi nt ell ec tualcir cles.Hiswor ksandopini onsmadeadeep i mpr ess iononmos toft hewr i tersandpoet soft heear l y19thc entury.Hisgreat work,Faust ,iss t il ldeemed t hemos timpor t antmas terpi eceofGer man liter ature. Becauseoft hebr eadthofhi st hought ,hisc ompr ehensi onofhumannat ureand opti misti cfait hint hehumans piri t,andhi sintui ti vegr aspofuniver s altr uths,Goethe i sregardedbymanyast heoutstandi ngpoetoft hemoder nworl d.Hedi edonMar ch 22,1832,buthiswor kl ivesini tsmeani ngandval uef ormoderndayr eaders. GRI MM BROTHERS  German fol kl ori sts and l ingui sts bes t known f or t rKi hei nder -und Haus märchen(1812–22; als o cal ledGrimm’s Fairy Tales) ,whi chled tot hebirthoft hemoder ns tudyoff olkl or e.Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm (b.J anuary 4,1785,- September20,1863, )andWi lhelm Car lGrimm (b. February24,1786-d.Dec ember16,1859)t oget herc ompiledot herc ol lect ionsoffolk mus i candf olklit erature,and Jacob in parti c ul ardi dimpor tantwor kinhistor ical l inguist icsand Ger manicphil ology,whichi ncluded t hefor mulat i on ofGr i mm’slaw. Theywer eamongt hemos timpor t antGer mans cholarsoft heirtime.t heypubli shed theircol lectedtalesast heKinder-undHaus mär chen,i mpl yingi nt hetit lethatthe stori eswer emeantf oradult sandc hil drenalike. Inc ont ras ttot heex travagantf ant asyoft heRomant ics chool ’ spoet i calf air y tales,t he200s t ori esoft hisc oll ecti on( inc l udi ng,amongt hemos tendur i ng,“ Snow Whi t e,”“ LittleRedRi di ngHood, ”“Sleepi ngBeaut y, ”and“ Rumpel st iltskin”)aimedat conveyi ngt hes oul ,imagi nat i on,andbel iefsofpeopl et hrought hec ent uri es—orata genui ner epr oduc ti onoft het eller ’swor dsandways.Mos tofthes torieswer et aken from or als our ces ,though a f ew wer ef rom pr i nted s ources.The gr eatmer itof Wi lhel m Gr imm i st hathegavet hef airyt alesar eadablef orm wi thoutc hangingt heir folkloricc har act er.Ther esultswer et hreef old:t hec oll ec ti onenj oyedwi dedi st ribut i on i nGer manyandevent uallyinal lpar tsoft heglobe;i tbec ameandr emai nsamodel fort hec ollec t ingoff olktalesever ywher e;andt heGr i mms ’notest ot het al es,al ong wi t hot heri nves t i gations ,formedt hebas isforthes cienc eoft hef olknar rati veand evenoff olklor e.Tot hisdayt het alesr emaint heear l i es t“scienti f i c”c oll ectionof folktales. ANNEFRANK Annelies Mar i e Fr ank, ( bor n J une 12, 1929,Frankfur t am Mai n, Germany—di ed February/Marc h 1945, Bergen- Belsenconcentrationc amp,nearHannover ) , Jewish gir lwhos ediaryofherf amily’ stwo years i n hiding dur ing t he Ger man oc c upation oft he Net herl andsbec ame a classi cofwarlit er ature. Earl y in theNaz ir egime ofAdol f Hitl er, Anne’s fat her,Otto Fr ank a Ger man busi nessman, took hi s wi f e and t wo daughterstolive i nAms t erdam.I n 1941, aft er Ger man f orc es oc cupied t he Netherl ands ,Annewasc ompell edtot r ansfer fr om apubli cschooltoaJ ewishone. OnJ une12,1942,s hereceivedar ed- and- whi t eplaiddiaryforher13t hbi rt hday.That days hebeganwr i tinginthebook:“ IhopeI wi l lbeabletoc onfi deever ythi ngt oyou,asI haveneverbeenabl etoc onfi dei nanyone,andIhopeyouwi l lbeagr eats our ceof comf ortands uppor t.”Annewr otefait hfull yinherdiary,recounti ngday- t o- dayl i fein hidi ng,f r om or di nary annoyancest ot he fearofc apture.She di scussed t ypical adoles c enti ssuesaswel lasherhopesf orthefuture,whi chincl udedbec omi nga j ournal i storawr i ter.Anne’slastdiaryent r ywaswr i ttenonAugus t1,1944.Thr ee daysl atertheannexwasdi scoveredbyt heGes t apo,whi chwasac t i ngonat ipf r om Dutchi nformer s.I twases t ablis hedbyt heDut chgover nmentt hatbot hAnneand Margotdi edinat yphusepidemi cinMar ch1945,onlyweeksbef or et hel i berationof Bergen- Belsen. Friendswhos earchedt hehi di ngplac eaftert hef amil y’scapturelatergave OttoFrankt hepapersleftbehindbyt heGestapo.Amongt hem hefoundAnne’ sdiary, whichwaspubl ihedasAnneFr s ank:TheDiaryofaYoungGi rl( ori ginall yinDut c h, 1947).I ni tshewr ote,“Isti llbeli eve,inspiteofeverythi ng,thatpeopl earer eally goodathear t.”TheDiary,whichhasbeent ranslat edintomor ethan65l anguages ,is themos twidelyreaddiaryoftheHol ocaus t. TheNi belungenl i ed Summary I nBur gundyl i vesamai denpr i ncessnamedKr i emhi ldwhoi sknownf arand wide f or her beaut y and c har m. Kr iemhil d i s the sist er of r enowned kingsGunther,Gernot,andGi selher,whorulef r om Wormsbes idetheRhi neandare servedbymanypr oudknight s.Asagi rl ,Kriemhil ddeci dest oforeswearlove,si ncei t usuall ybri ngss orr owal ongwit hhappi ness. Far t herdown t he Rhi ne,i nthe Net herlandsc it y ofXant en,a handsome, valorouspr incenamedSi egfr iedhasr ecentlybeenkni ghted.Siegfr iedhear sabout Kriemhildanddec ideshewant stowooher.Heal sowant st ogainlandsandcastl es forhims elf.Het ravelstoWormswi thabandofs tal wartc ompanions.WhenSiegfri ed arri vesi nBur gundy,Gunther’ svas s al,Hagen,r ecognizeshim ast hemightysl ayerof theNi belungpr i ncesandpos s es s oroft hei rmas s ivetreasure.Si egfri edisal sovirt uall y i nvi nci ble,havingbat hedi nadr agon’sblood. WhentheBur gundianki ngsandt hei rwar r ior sgreetSiegfr ied,heannounces hisint enti ontowr estalltheirposses sionsf r om them.Theki ngspersuadehimt o sett lethematt erhonor ably,shari ngthei rr i chesincommon.Siegfri edspendsthenext yearintheBurgundiancour t ,secret lypini ngf orKri emhi ld,al thoughhehasyett olay eyesonher. Whenf orei gnkingst hr eatentoi nvadeBur gundy,Siegfr iedof f erstogot owar onGunt her ’sbehalf.Heleadst heBurgundi anf orcestoanover whel mingvictor yand takes many prisoners.Kri emhi l d,who har borss ecretaffection forSiegfri ed,is deli ghtedtolearnhei sunharmedandvi ct or i ous.Sixweeksaftert hebattl e,amas s ive vict oryfest ivalensues,andKr i emhil d’sbr others ,desi ri nganal l iance,arr angef orthe twot ofi nal lymeet.Si egfri edandKr iemhi l ds pendt i met ogetheri npubli cthroughout thefesti val ,andt hei rloveforoneanot hergr ows. Meanwhi l e,Gunt herbeginst opi nef oranI cel andicqueennamedBr unhil d, whoi sbothbeaut if ulandi nc redi blys tr ong—t owi nherlove,aknightmus tdefeather i nt hreeat hl eticcontests ,orel selosehi shead.Inex changef orSiegf ried’ shelpi n thes econtests,Guntherswear st ogi vehim Kriemhil d’shandi nmarri age.Themens ai l toIc el and,alongwi thHagenandhi sbr otherandf el lowvas sal ,Dancwart.Beforethey disembar k,Si egf r iedcautionsthegr oupt hattheymus tl etBr unhi ldbeli evethathei s Gunt her’ svas sal. Br unhi l d pr ovest o beaf ormi dabl eopponent.Whi l eGunt hermer elygoes thr oughthemot i ons,Siegfri edput sonhismagi calinvi sibi l itycl oak,whi chgiveshim ext rastr engthtohur lajavel in,thr ow aboulder,andl eapevenf ar thert hanBr unhi l d does.When she thi nksGunt herdefeatsher( notknowi ng itwasSiegfri ed who accompl ishedal lofthosefeats),Br unhil disf urious ,butsheagreestomarryhi m. Whent hepar tyarrivesbac ki nBur gundy,Si egfr iedr emi ndsGunt herofhi s oat h,and Si egfri ed and Kr i emhild ar e duly mar ri ed.Dur i ng t he mar riage f eas t, Br unhil dweepswhens hes eesKriemhi l ds i tti ngnex ttoSi egf ri edi nt hes eatofhonor. WhenGunt heras ksBr unhildwhatt hemat teris,s heex plainst hats hei sgr ievedt o seeKr i emhi l ddegr adedbymar ri aget oamer eliegeman.Gunt herevadest hei ssue, andBr unhi l ds ayss hewon’ tconsummat ehermar r i agewi thGunt herunt i ls heknows thef ul ls tory.Ac cor di ngly,whenGunt hertri estot akehervi rginitythatni ght ,s hef l ies i nt oar age,t ieshi m up,ands us pendshi mf rom anai lont hewal l.WhenGunt her conf i deshi shumi liat ion to Siegfried thenex tday,Si egf ried pr omi sest os ubdue Gunt her’sf ormidabl ewi f ef orhim.Wear i nghisinvi si bili tyc loak,hewr estlesBr unhild i nt os ubmi s s ion,t hought heynear lykilloneanot herint hepr oc ess.Gunt herf i nal l y sleepswi thhi swi fe,afterwhi chBr unhild’ svasts t rengt hleavesher ,ands he’sj ustlike anyor dinar ywoman.Notl ongaf ter,Siegfri edandKr i emhi l dr eturnt oSi egf r ied’s nat i veNet herlands ,whereher ul esaski ngfortenyear s. Allthisti me,Br unhil dc onti nuestof r etoverSi egf ri ed’smar r iagetoKriemhil d. She begs Gunt hert oi nvi tet hem to a mi dsummerf es tival ,s o he di spatches messengerst oXanten.Whent hemes sengersreturnwithnewsoft hei racc eptance, theyshow offthegener ousgi f tsSiegf riedgavet hem,prompt i ngHagent ojealousy oftheNibelungtreasure. Thes ummerf es t i vals t artsof fhappi lyenough,butoneeveni ng,Kr i emhi l d provokesBr unhildwi thr emarksaboutSi egfr ied’ sequali tytoGunt her,andt het wo queensbegi nf ighting.Lat er,shepoi ntedlyentersthec athedralbef oreBrunhild, whichwoul d bet aboo f oral iegewoman.I nthec r owning ins ul t,Kr i emhil dc alls Brunhil dSi egfri ed’spar amour ,allegi ngt hatSiegfri edtookhervi rgini ty,notGunt her. WhenBr unhil dt ell sGunt heroft hischarge,hei sevasi veandl etsSiegf r iedoffthe hookwi thoutaf ormaloat h.Lat er,whenHagenandt heot hervas sal sl earnofthis, theybegi nplotti ngt okillSiegfried,withHagenar gui ngt hatBr unhil d’shonori sat stake.Guntherreluctantlygoesal ongwi t ht hem. TheDeat hofSi egf ri ed Af terlear ningoffhandedl yf r om Kr i emhil dt hatSi egfr iedhasavul nerablespot betweenhiss houlder -blades,Hagens uggest st hatthemengoonahunt i ngt rip. Aft eranenj oyabledayofs port ,Siegfr iedstoopsatas pr ingtotakeadr i nk,and Hagen seiz est heoppor tuni tytos tab hi mt hrough thevulner abl espot.Siegf ried qui c kl ydies. Backin Worms,Hagen hasSiegf ri ed’scor pse pl aced on t he t hreshol d of Kr iemhil d’sapar tment.WhenKr i emhil ddiscover shisbody,sheimmedi atel yplunges i ntowi l dlament,and,s us pect ingthetr uthaboutwhat’ shappened,begi nst ot hi nkof vengeance.Atthefuneral,Hagen’ sguil tisprovenwhenhes t andsnexttothebier , causi ngSiegfr ied’ swoundst omi r acul ousl ybleedanew. Threeandahal fyearslater ,Kr i emhildhass ti llnots pokent oGunt herbecause ofhisroleinHagen’ splot,ands herefusestos eeHagen.Hagenenc our agesGunt her tomakepeac ewi thhissist er,suggestingthats hemi ghtagr eetobr i ngt heNibelung treasur e,heri nher i tance,bac kto Bur gundy.Hedoess o,and s oon t hemas si ve treasur eist r ans port edt oWor ms.WhenKr iemhildlavisheshert reasur eonr i chand poor,nativeandf or eigneralike,Hagenj ealouslyseizespos ses sionofi tanddumps theremainderi ntot heRhinef orsafekeeping.Theki ngsl etthi ss li de,butKr i emhi l d nursesresentmental lt hemor e. Kr iemhi l d’sRevenge Thir teenyear slater ,apagan,wi dowed,Hungar i ankingnamedEt zelbecomes i nteres tedint akingKr iemhil dashi swif e.Hi svassal,Rüdiger ,margraveofPöc hl arnin Aus t ria,offerst ojourneyt oWor msasEt z el’senvoy.WhenRüdi gerrel aystheki ng’ s propos al,Kriemhi l dr efus es,saying she cannotl ove anotherman and woul d be disgrac edbymar r iaget oaheat hen.Shec an’thelpc oveti ngEt z el’ sri ches,however, andr eali zess hemi ghthavet hepowert oex actvengeanc eonHagenatl ast.She fi nall yc onsentsanddepar tsBurgundyf orforei gnl ands. KriemhildandEt zelc el ebrateal avi shweddinginVi ennabef oresettli ngi n Etzel’ sfortressatEtzel nburg.Thoughs hef i ndshimtobeevenr i chert hanSiegfri ed, Kr i emhil dc ont i nuestogrieveinpr i vateforherfall enfi rsthusband.Sevenyear slat er, she has amas sed much powerand r enown in Hungary and given bi rt ht oa son,Or t li eb.Des pit eallthis,herdesir ef orrevengeisunabated,ands hes t il lresents beingputi napos it iontomar r yaheat hen.Sheeasil ypersuadesEtzelt oinvit eher kinsment oami ds ummerf esti val ,givinghert heoppor t unity,shehasdes i redf or manyyear s. WhenGunt her ’scourtrecei vestheinvi tat ion,Hagensensesatrap,butGis elher shameshi mi ntomakingt hejourneyanyway.Duringthejourney,Hagenencounter s somewater-f air ieswho pr edictthe doom of vi rtual lyt he enti re Burgundian entour ageinHungary.Thepar tyenjoyst hewar m hospit ali tyofRüdigerinPöchl ar n, andheescort sthem toEtzelnburgaswell. Ass oonast heBurgundi ansenterEt zel’ slands,LordDi etr ichridesouttowar n them t hatKr i emhildiss ti l lgr ievi ng Siegfried’sdeath and meanst o har m t hem. Kriemhi l dwelcomest heBur gundiansc ol dly,refusestogr eetHagen,anddemandst o know t helocat ionoft heNibelungt reasure.Twi cethatday,s hes endshervassalsto attackHagen,butbot htimest heyarei nt imidat edbyHagenandVol ker.Thenextday, Etzel ’s br ot her,Lord Bloedeli n,i nsti gates s avage f i ghting among t he knight s. Meanwhi l e,Kri emhi l dhasOr t li ebbr oughtt ot hef es taltable,andwhenHagenhear s thatt heBur gundianshavebeen at tacked,hes wif tl ybeheadst heyoung boy.A t erri blebatt leens ues ,andt heHunnishkni ghtsareslaughtered.Byevening,20,000 moreHunshavebeenki l led,andtheBurgundi ansas kEt z elforat r uce.Kri emhi l d i nter venes,sayi ngs hecan’tshowmercyaslongasHagenr emai nsal ive.Herbrot hers r efusetosurrenderHagen,s oKri emhil ddrivest hem allbackins i dethehallands et s t hebuildi ngonf ir e.Sixhundredmensurvi veahorri fyi ngni ghttrappedinthehall. Rüdigersurveysthemas s acr et hathasbeenper petratedonal lsidesandf i nds himsel fc aughtbet weenhisvow ofs ervi cet oKriemhildandt hetiesofhos pi tali tyby whichhehasboundhi mselftoGunt herandhi smen.Wi thgr eatestr el uctance,he fi nall yt akesuphi sswor dagains tt heBur gundians,andaf terfiercef i ght i ng,heand Gernotc utoneanot herdownatal mos tthes amemoment.Everyonei sgrief -str icken. WhenDi etr ichhearsofi t ,hes endsHi ldebrandandhi sotherment oi nvesti gate,and Volkerpr ovokesthem t ofight—abat t let hatendsup t aking thel ivesofal lbut Hil debr and,Hagen,and Gunt her.A gr i eving Diet rich goes t of ac e Hagen and successful lywoundshi m,thent akeshim boundt oKriemhild,whoi shappyatl ast.He soondoest hesamewi thGunther ,t houghheadvi sesKr i emhi l dt os parebot hwar r iors ’ l ives. Kriemhild,however ,get shervengeanc eatl as t.Shegi vesHagen onel as t chancetor eturnhertr easure,thenhasGunt herbeheadedandf i nall ystri kesdown Hagenwi thherownhand.Bef oreshec anreveli nhert r iumph,shei ssl aini nt ur nby Hil debrand.Onl yhe,Di etr ich,andEtzelremainali ve,weepingfortheirsl ainki nsmen andvassals,“ asjoymusteverturntosorrowintheend.”