محاضرة 8 مدخل إلى الصيدلة PDF

‫راﻧﯾﮫ اﻟﺣﻣوي‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺟﺳﺗﯾر ﺻﯾدﻟﺔ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرة اﻟﺛﺎﻣﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟواﺣدات اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺻﯾدﻟﺔ‬ ‫واﺣدات اﻟطول واﻟوزن واﻟﺣﺟم‬  :‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪات اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﯿﺪﻟﺔ‬ Measures of Length ‫ واﺣدات اﻟطول‬-ً‫ أوﻻ‬ :‫ أﺟزاء اﻟﻣﺗ...

‫راﻧﯾﮫ اﻟﺣﻣوي‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺟﺳﺗﯾر ﺻﯾدﻟﺔ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرة اﻟﺛﺎﻣﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟواﺣدات اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺻﯾدﻟﺔ‬ ‫واﺣدات اﻟطول واﻟوزن واﻟﺣﺟم‬  :‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪات اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﯿﺪﻟﺔ‬ Measures of Length ‫ واﺣدات اﻟطول‬-ً‫ أوﻻ‬ :‫ أﺟزاء اﻟﻣﺗر‬ (١-١٠) 1 decimeter (dm) = 0.100 meter (٢-١٠) 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.010 meter (٣-١٠) 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.001 meter (٦-١٠) 1 micrometer (μm) = 0.000,001 meter (٩-١٠) 1 nanometer (nm) = 0.000,000,001 meter  ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪات اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت‪:‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ ً‪ -‬واﺣدات اﻟﺣﺟم ‪:Measures of Volume‬‬ ‫ واﺣدة اﻟﺣﺟم اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﻠﯾﺗر‪.‬ﺗﻣﺛل ﺣﺟم ﻣﻛﻌب طول ﺿﻠﻌﮫ ‪ ۰.۱‬ﻣﺗر = ‪۱‬‬ ‫دﯾﺳﯾﻣﺗر ﻣﻛﻌب‪.‬‬ ‫ أﺟزاء اﻟﻠﯾﺗر‪:‬‬ ‫‪(١-١٠) 1 deciliter (dm3) = 0.100 liter‬‬ ‫‪(٢-١٠) 1 centiliter (cm3) = 0.010 liter‬‬ ‫‪(٣-١٠) 1 milliliter (ml=mm3) = 0.001 liter‬‬ ‫‪(٦-١٠) 1 microliter (µL) = 0.000,001 liter‬‬  ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪات اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت‪:‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ ً‪ -‬واﺣدات اﻟوزن ‪:Measures of Weight‬‬ ‫ واﺣدة اﻟوزن اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧظﺎم اﻟواﺣدات اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﻐرام‪ ،‬واﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﺎدل وزن‬ ‫‪ ۱‬ﺳم‪ ۳‬ﻣن اﻟﻣﺎء ﺑدرﺟﺔ ﺣرارة ‪⁰ ٤‬م‪).‬اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻛون ﻋﻧدھﺎ ﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﺎء أﻛﺑر ﻣﺎﯾﻣﻛن(‪.‬‬ ‫ أﺟزاء اﻟﻛﯾﻠو‪:‬‬ ‫‪1 kilogram (kg) = 1000. grams‬‬ ‫‪1 dekagram (dag) = 10. grams‬‬ ‫‪1 hectogram (hg) = 100. grams‬‬ ‫‪1 centigram (cg) = 0.010 gram‬‬ ‫‪1 decigram (dg) = 0.1000 gram‬‬ ‫‪1 milligram (mg) = 0.001 gram‬‬ ‫‪1 microgram (µg or mcg) = 0.000,001 gram‬‬  :‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ Convert 2.525 liters to microliters ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬ 2.525 L = 2525 mL = 2,525,000 µL Convert 9876 milligrams to grams ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬ 9876 mg = 9.876 g, Convert 85 micrometers to centimeters ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬ 85 µm = 0.085 mm = 0.0085 cm  ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ اﻟوﺻﻔﺔ‪prescription‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم اﻷرﻗﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾر ﻣﻛوﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﺣﺿﯾرة اﻟﺻﯾدﻻﻧﯾﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﻌﺗﻣد واﺣدة اﻟﻐرام وأﺟزاﺋﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﻋن اﻟوزن‪.‬ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺗﻣد واﺣدة اﻟﻣﯾﻠﯾﻠﯾﺗر وأﺟزاﺋﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﺣﺟم‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻣﺛﺎل‪Dextromethorphan HBr 320 mg + Guiafenesin 3.2 g and Cherry Syrup to :‬‬ ‫‪make 100 mL‬‬ ‫ ﻋﻧد إﺿﺎﻓﺔ أو طرح ﻛﻣﯾﺎت ﻣن اﻟﺗﺣﺿﯾرة اﻟﺻﯾدﻻﻧﯾﺔ ﻻﺑد ﻣن ﺗوﺣﯾد اﻟواﺣدات اﻟوزﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣواد اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺣﺟﻣﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣواد اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ Example: Add 1 kg, 250 mg, and 7.5 g. Express the total in grams:‬‬ ‫‪ 1 kg = 1000. g , 250 mg = 0.25 g , 7.5 g = 7.5 g‬‬ ‫‪1007.75 g or 1008 g‬اﻟوزن اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﺣﺿﯾرة‬  : ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ A capsule contains the following amounts of medicinal substances: 0.075 g, 20 mg, 0. 5 mg, 4 mg, and 500 µg. What is the total weight of the substances in the capsule? 0.075 g = 0.075 g 20 mg = 0.02 g 0. 5 mg = 0.0005 g 4 mg = 0.004 g 500 µg = 0.0005 g Answer: 0.1 g or 100 mg  :‫ واﺣدات إﺿﺎﻓﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺻﯾدﻻﻧﯾﺔ‬- ً ‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬ Equivalents of Length 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 meter (m) = 39.37 in Equivalents of Weight: 1 pound (lb) = 454 g 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 lb (pound)  :‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻠﺤﻞ‬ An effervescent tablet has the following formula: Acetaminophen 325 mg Calcium Carbonate 280 mg Citric Acid 900 mg Potassium Bicarbonate 300 mg Sodium Bicarbonate 465 mg  Calculate the total weight, in grams, of the ingredients in each tablet.  How many tablets could be made with a supply of 5 kg of acetaminophen?  ‫طرق اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﺗرﻛﯾز‬ ‫وﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﻨجد اﻟواﺤدات اﻟتﺎﻟ ﺔ‪mg/L. g/ml. :‬‬ ‫‪-1‬اﻟﺗرﻛﯾز اﻟﻐراﻣﻲ‪ :‬ﻋدد ﻏراﻣﺎت اﻟﻣﺎدة ﻓﻲ ﻟﯾﺗر واﺣد غ‪/‬ل‪.‬‬ ‫‪mg/ml ….‬‬ ‫‪-2‬اﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺋوﯾﺔ)‪Percentage( %‬‬ ‫ﻣن اﻟﺗﻌﺎﺑﯾر اﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺻﯾدﻻﻧﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬وﯾﻘﺻد ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺋوﯾﺔ ﻋدد اﻷﺟزاء ﻣن اﻟﻣﺎدة ﻓﻲ ‪ ۱۰۰‬ﺟزء ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺑر ﻋﻧﮭﺎ ﺑﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺷﻛﺎل‪ :‬ﻣﺛﺎل‪ :‬ﺧﻣﺳﯾن ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺋﺔ ﯾﻌﺑر ﻋﻧﮭﺎ ب‪:‬‬ ‫‪-1‬طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻛﺳر ‪٥۰/۱۰۰ :‬‬ ‫‪%50 : Percentage -2‬‬ ‫‪-3‬اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺷرﯾﺔ ‪۰.٥ : Decimal Expression‬‬ ‫ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻣﺻطﻠﺢ اﻟﺗرﻛﯾز اﻟﻣﺋوي أو اﻟرﻣز ‪ %‬دون ﺗﺣدﯾد أي ﺷﻛل ﻣن اﻷﺷﻛﺎل اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻛون اﻟﻣﻘﺻود ﻣﻧﮫ‪:‬‬ ‫ ‪:w/v %‬‬ ‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻧﺗﺣدث ﻋن ﺗرﻛﯾز ﻣﺎدة ﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﺿﻣن ﻣﻌﻠﻖ أو ﻣﺣﻠول )ﺷﻛل ﺳﺎﺋل(‪.‬وﻋن ﺗرﻛﯾز اﻟﻐﺎزات ﺿﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻠول‪ :‬ﯾﻌﺑر‪ %‬ﻋن ﻋدد ﻏراﻣﺎت اﻟﻣﺎدة ﻓﻲ ‪ ml ۱۰۰‬ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول‪...‬ﻣﺛل ﺗرﻛﯾز ﺳﯾﺗﺎﻣول ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷراب‪:‬‬ ‫‪ 16g/100ml = 0.16g/ml = 160 mg/ml‬ﯾﻛون اﻟﺗرﻛﯾز‪16% w/v :‬‬ ‫ ‪: v/v %‬‬ ‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻧﺗﺣدث ﻋن ﺗرﻛﯾز ﺳﺎﺋل ﺿﻣن ﻣﺣﻠول أو ﺳﺎﺋل ﻣﻣدد‪ :‬ھﻲ ﻋدد ﻣﯾﻠﻲ ﻟﯾﺗرات اﻟﻣﺎدة اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪ ml ۱۰۰‬ﻣﺣﻠول‪.‬اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻟﯾل اﻟﻛﺣوﻟﯾﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﻌطرﯾﺔ‪....‬ﻣﺛل ﻛﺣول ‪%۷۰‬ح‪/‬ح‬ ‫ ‪:w/w %‬‬ ‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻧﺗﺣدث ﻋن ﺗرﻛﯾز ﻣواد ﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﺿﻣن ﻣزﯾﺞ ﻟﻌدة ﻣواد ﺻﻠﺑﺔ أو ﻧﺻف ﺻﻠﺑﺔ‪.‬ﺗﻌﺑر ﻋن ﻋدد‬ ‫ﻏراﻣﺎت اﻟﻣﺎدة اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻲ ‪ g ۱۰۰‬ﻣن اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺻﯾدﻻﻧﻲ ‪.‬ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻋﺎدة ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﺗراﻛﯾز اﻟﻛرﯾﻣﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﻣراھم‪.....‬‬  :‫أﻤثﻠﺔ‬ How many grams of dextrose are required to prepare 4 L of 5% solution? 4000 mL of solution=4 L 5% = 0.05 4000 × 0.05 = 200 g. :‫ وﻣﻧﮫ‬،‫ ﻣﺎدة‬g ٥ ‫ ﻣﺣﻠول ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ml ۱۰۰ ‫ أو ﻛل‬.‫غ‬۲۰۰ =X.‫ ﻣﺎدة‬g x ‫ ﻣﺣﻠول ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ml ٤۰۰۰ ‫ﻛل‬ How many grams of potassium permanganate should be used in this following prescription? Potassium Permanganate 0.02% Purified Water ad 250 ml. 250 mL represents 250 g of solution 0.02% = 0.0002 250 × 0.0002 = 0.05 g.  :‫أﻤثﻠﺔ‬ - What is the percentage (w/v) of a solution of urea, if 80 mL contains 12g?.‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﺎدة‬g ۱۲ ‫ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ml ۸۰ ‫ ﻛل‬. %15 = 80 / 12 × 100 = X :‫ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺎدة‬x g ‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ml ۱۰۰ ‫ ﻛل‬ Peppermint spirit contains 10% v/v of peppermint oil. What volume of the spirit will contain 75 mL of peppermint oil?.‫ ﻣن زﯾت اﻟﻧﻌﻧﻊ‬ml ۱۰ ‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ml ۱۰۰ ‫ ﻛل‬.‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول‬X = 75 × 100 / 10 = 750ml :‫ﻣن زﯾت اﻟﻧﻌﻧﻊ‬ml ۷٥ ‫ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬x ml ‫ ﻛل‬ If 1500 g of a solution contains 75 g of a drug substance, what is the percentage (w/w) of the solution? ‫ ﻣﺎدة دواﺋﯾﺔ‬g ۷٥ ‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول ﯾﺣﺗوي‬g ۱٥۰۰ ‫ ﻛل‬.% 5 = 1500 / 75 × 10=X :‫ ﻣﺎدة دواﺋﯾﺔ‬x g ‫ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول ﯾﺣﺗوي‬g ۱۰۰ ‫ ﻛل‬  ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ How many grams of a drug substance should be added to 240 mL of water to make a 4%‬‬ ‫?‪(w/w)solution‬‬ ‫‪ = %96 w/w‬ﻣﺎء ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول‪.‬‬ ‫ اﻟﻣﺎء ﻛﺛﺎﻓﺗﮭﺎ = ‪ ← ۱‬وزﻧﮭﺎ = ﺣﺟﻣﮭﺎ ←‪ml 240= g۲٤۰‬‬ ‫ اﻟﻣطﻠوب ﻛل ‪g ۱۰۰‬ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ‪ g ٤‬ﻣﺎدة دواﺋﯾﺔ و‪ g ۹٦‬ﻣﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ اﻟﺣﺟم اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺣﻠول ﯾﺣﺗوي ‪ x g‬ﻣﺎدة اﻟدواﺋﯾﺔ و‪ g ۲٤۰‬ﻣﺎء وﻣﻧﮫ‪ :‬ﻣﺎدة دواﺋﯾﺔ‪ ۱۰=۲٤۰/۹٦ × ٤ =X‬غ‪.‬‬ ‫?‪ If 5 g of boric acid is added to 100 mL of water, what is the percentage (w/w) of the solution‬‬ ‫اﻟوزن اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺣﻠول ‪g۱۰٥ = ٥ + ۱۰۰‬‬ ‫ ﻛل ‪ ml ۱۰۰‬ﻣن اﻟﻣﺎء وزﻧﮭﺎ ‪g.۱۰۰‬‬ ‫ ﻛل ‪ g ۱۰٥‬ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول ﻓﯾﮫ ‪ g ٥‬ﺣﻣض اﻟﺑورﯾك‪.‬‬ ‫‪%٤.۷٦ =۱۰٥ /٥ × ۱۰۰=X‬‬ ‫ ﻛل ‪g ۱۰۰‬ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﻠول ﻓﯾﮫ ‪ x g‬ﺣﻣض اﻟﺑورﯾك وﻣﻧﮫ‪:‬‬  :‫ﻤثﺎل أﺨیر‬ Progesterone, micronized 4g Glycerin 5 mL Methylcellulose Solution (1%) 50 mL Cherry Syrup ad to 100 mL What is the percentage concentration (w/v) of progesterone in the prescription? What is the percentage concentration (w/v) of methylcellulose in the prescription? What is the percentage concentration (v/v and w/v) of glycerin (Density=1.25) in the prescription?  ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ اﻟﺣﺟم اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺷﻛل اﻟﺻﯾدﻻﻧﻲ ‪ ، ml۱۰۰‬و‪ ml۱۰۰‬ﻣن اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺻﯾدﻻﻧﻲ ﯾﺣﺗوي ‪ g ٤‬ﻣن اﻟﺑروﺟﺳﺗرون‬ ‫ اﻟﺗرﻛﯾز ﻟﻣﺎدة اﻟﺑروﺟﺳﺗرون‪w/v %٤ :‬‬ ‫ ﻣﺣﻠول اﻟﻣﯾﺗﯾل ﺳﻠﻠوز اﻟﻣوﺟود ﻓﻲ اﻟﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺗرﻛﯾز ‪:۱%‬‬ ‫ ﻋدد ﻏراﻣﺎت اﻟﻣﯾﺗﯾل ﺳﻠﻠوز اﻟﻣوﺟود ﻓﻲ ‪ ml ٥۰‬ﻣن ﻣﺣﻠول اﻟﻣﯾﺗﯾل ﺳﻠﻠوز = ) ‪g 0.5 = 50 × (100 ÷ 1‬‬ ‫ ‪۱۰۰ ml‬ﻣن اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺻﯾدﻻﻧﻲ ﯾﺣﺗوي ‪ g ۰.٥‬ﻣﯾﺗﯾل ﺳﻠﻠوز أي اﻟتر یز ﻟمﺎدة ﻣﯾﺗﯾل ﺴیﻠﻠوز ‪w/v %٠.٥‬‬ ‫ ﻟﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺋوﯾﺔ ‪ v/v‬ﻟﻠﻐﻠﯾﺳرﯾن‪v/v %5 :‬‬ ‫ ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺋوﯾﺔ ‪ w/v‬ﻟﻠﻐﻠﯾﺳرﯾن‪ :‬ﺣﺳﺎب ﻏراﻣﺎت اﻟﻐﻠﯾﺳرﯾن‪ :‬اﻟﺣﺟم × اﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ=‬ ‫‪ ← g 6.25 = 1.25 × 5‬ﯾﻛون اﻟﺗرﻛﯾز ‪w/v %6.25‬‬  :‫ﺗﻣﺎرﯾن ﻟﻠﺣل‬ 1. Are the terms mcg/mL and mg/L equivalent or not equivalent? 2. A low-strength adult aspirin tablet contains 81 mg of aspirin per tablet. How many tablets may be prepared from 1 kg of aspirin? 3. A liquid contains 0.25 mg of a substance per milliliter. How many grams of the substance will 200 ml contain? 4. The total inhalations in an aerosol contains 225 mg of metaproterenol sulfate, the inhalator is sufficient for 300 puffs. How many micrograms of metaproterenol sulfate would be contained in one puff? 5. Norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol tablets are available containing 0.5 mg of norgestrel and 50 µg of ethinyl estradiol. How many grams of each ingredient would be used in making 10,000 tablets? 6. How many grams of digoxin would be required to make 25,000 tablets, each containing 250 mcg of digoxin? 7. If an injectable solution contains 25 µg of a drug substance in each 0.5 mL, how many milliliters would be required to provide a patient with 0.25 mg of the drug substance?  ‫اﻟواﺣدات اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺟرﻋﺔ اﻟدواﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪Teaspoon & Tablespoon‬‬ ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﺟرﻋﺎت اﻟدواﺋﯾﺔ ﯾﻘﺑل اﻟﺻﯾدﻻﻧﻲ اﻋﺗﺑﺎر ﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ اﻟﺷﺎي ‪ ml ٥‬وﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ اﻟطﻌﺎم ‪، ml ۱٥‬‬ ‫ﻟﻛن ﯾﺟب اﻷﺧذ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر أن اﻟﺣﺟوم اﻟﻣذﻛورة ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻣﻼﻋﻖ اﻟﻌﯾﺎرﯾﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﯾن ﻣﻼﻋﻖ اﻟﻣﻧزل ﻣﻣﻛن أن‬ ‫ﯾﻛون ھﻧﺎك ﻣﺟﺎل ﻟﺳﻌﺎﺗﮭﺎ‪.‬ﻓﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ اﻟﺷﺎي ﻣﻣﻛن أن ﺗﺗراوح ﺳﻌﺗﮭﺎ ﻣن ‪ ۳‬إﻟﻰ ‪ ml ۷‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﯾن ﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطﻌﺎم ﻣﻣﻛن أن ﺗﺗراوح ﻣن ‪ ۱٥‬وﺣﺗﻰ ‪. ml۲۲‬‬ ‫)‪5 mL=1 teaspoonful (tsp.‬‬ ‫)‪15 mL = 1 tablespoonful (tbsp.‬‬  If a liquid medicine is to be taken three times daily, and if 180 mL are to be taken in 4 days, how many tablespoonfuls should be prescribed for each dose? ml 180 = Total quantity doses 12 = 4 ×3 ← day / 3 = Number of doses. tablespoon 1 = ml 15 = 180/12 = Size of dose The adult dose of a liquid medication is 0.1 mL/kg of body weight to be administered as a single dose. How many teaspoonful should be administered to a person weighing 220 lb.? ‫ ﻛﻎ‬۱۰۰ = ۲۲۰ / ۲.۲ = ‫ وزن اﻟﻣرﯾض ب ﻛﻎ‬ ml 10 = 0.1 × 100 = :‫ وﻣﻧﮫ‬kg / ml ‫ ﺟرﻋﺔ اﻟﻣرﯾض = وزن اﻟﻣرﯾض ب ﻛﻎ × ﺟرﻋﺔ اﻟﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ teaspoon 2 = 5 ÷ 10 = Dose :‫ ﯾﻛون‬،ml 5 = teaspoon ‫ ﺑﻣﺎ أن‬ How many capsules, each containing 250 mg of clarithromycin, are needed to provide 6.25 mg/kg/day for 10 days for a person weighing 176 lb.? kg۸۰ = ۲.۲ ÷۱۷٦ = ‫ وزن اﻟﻣرﯾض ب ﻛﻎ‬ mg٥۰۰۰ = ۱۰× ۸۰ × ٦.۲٥ = ‫ أﯾﺎم‬۱۰ ‫ ﻛﻣﯾﺔ اﻟدواء اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺣﺗﺎﺟﮭﺎ اﻟﻣرﯾض ﺧﻼل‬ mg ۲٥۰ ‫ ﻛﺑﺳوﻟﺔ ﺗﺣﺗوي‬۱‫ ﻛل‬ capsules 20 = 250 ÷ 5000 = X :‫وﻣﻧﮫ‬ mg.٥۰۰۰ ‫ ﻛﺑﺳوﻟﺔ ﺗﺣﺗوي‬x ‫ ﻛل‬ If the recommended dose of tobramycin for a premature infant is 4 mg/kg/day, divided into two equal doses administered every 12 hours, how many milligrams of the drug should be given every 12 hours to a 2.2-lb. infant? kg/m۲ = ۲÷٤ = (‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬۱۲ ‫ اﻟﺟرﻋﺔ اﻟواﺟب أﺧذھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣرة اﻟواﺣدة )ﻛل‬. mg۲ = ۲ × ۱ = ‫ﺟرﻋﺔ اﻟطﻔل = وزﻧﮫ × اﻟﺟرﻋﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺻﯾﻠﯾﺔ‬ kg = 2.2 ÷ 2.2 = 1 kg.‫ ووزن اﻟرﺿﯾﻊ ب‬  ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺮة ‪ Drop‬ﻛوﺣدة ﻟﻠﻘﯾﺎس‪:‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻘطرة ﻟﻘﯾﺎس اﻟﺣﺟوم اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة ﻣن اﻟﺳواﺋل‪.‬ﻻ ﺗﻣﺛل اﻟﻘطرة ﻛﻣﯾﺔ ﻣﺣددة ﻷﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺣﺟم ﺑﺎﺧﺗﻼف اﻟﻘطﺎرة وﺑﺎﺧﺗﻼف اﻟﺳﺎﺋل‪.‬وﻟﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ واﺣدة ﺣﺟﻣﯾﺔ ﻋﯾﺎرﯾﺔ ﺣدد‬ ‫دﺳﺗور اﻷدوﯾﺔ اﻷﻣﯾرﻛﻲ ﺷﻛل اﻟﻘطﺎرة اﻟﻣﻌﯾﺎرﯾﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﺗﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﻣﺧرج ﻗطره ‪mm۳‬‬ ‫ وﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗوﺿﻊ ھذه اﻟﻘطﺎرة ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﻣودي ﻓﺈن ﻛل ‪ ۲۰‬ﻗطرة )ﻣن اﻟﻣﺎء( ﺗﺷﻛل ‪ml ۱‬‬ ‫ وﻣﻧﮫ ﻓﺎﻟﻘطرة اﻟﻌﯾﺎرﯾﺔ ﺣﺟﻣﮭﺎ ‪. ml۰.۰٥‬‬ ‫ وﻟﻛن ﺑﺳﺑب ﺑﺎﺧﺗﻼف ﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻟﯾل اﻟدواﺋﯾﺔ وﻟزوﺟﺗﮭﺎ ﺗﺑﻌﺎ ﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﯾﺧﺗﻠف ﺣﺟم اﻟﻘطرة‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟرﻋﺔ اﻟدواﺋﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎﻧت ﻣﻘدرة ﺑﻌدد اﻟﻘطرات ﻟذﻟك ﯾﺟب اﻟﺗﻘﯾد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘطﺎرة اﻟﻣدرﺟﺔ اﻟﻣرﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟدواء‪.‬‬  If a pharmacist counted 40 drops of a medication in filling a graduate dropper to the 2.5-mL mark, how many drops per milliliter did the dropper deliver? Drops ٤۰ ‫ ﻣن اﻟدواء ﺗﺷﻛل‬ml ۲.٥ ‫ ﻛل‬ Drops X ‫ ﻣن اﻟدواء ﺗﺷﻛل‬ml ۱ ‫ ﻛل‬ Drops 16 = 40/2.5 = X