CRW2602 Past Paper June 2023 PDF

# CRW2602 JUNE 2023 ## 1. If a person who is terminally ill, asks his doctor to help him die instead of waiting to die from the illness the doctor commits: #randomize * Suicide * Assault * Assisted murder * Culpable homicide ## 2. Every case of theft pretence involves fraud, but every case of fra...

# CRW2602 JUNE 2023 ## 1. If a person who is terminally ill, asks his doctor to help him die instead of waiting to die from the illness the doctor commits: #randomize * Suicide * Assault * Assisted murder * Culpable homicide ## 2. Every case of theft pretence involves fraud, but every case of fraud does not involve theft by false pretence: * This statement is true * This statement is false * This statement does not make sense * This statement is partly true and partly false ## 3. Read the following facts and then choose the correct option: X forces Z to perform penetration upon Y by threatening to kill him (Z) if he does not execute the command, and Z, fearing for his life, does as he is instructed. * X will be guilty of assault. * X is not guilty of a sexual violation. * X is only guilty of attempted sexual violation. * X would be guilty of compelled sexual violation. ## 4. X removes his own property which is in the lawful possession of another and appropriates it. This is called. * Appropriation. * Embezzlement. * Theft of own property. * Arrogation of possession. ## 5. X is besotted with Y, an innocent 12-years-old girl who lives with her parents. X writes a letter to Y in which he declares his undying love to Y. Then X draws male and female genitalia depicting intercourse and writes underneath the picture: "we will enjoy ourselves as I have drawn". X includes R10.00 with the letter and mails it to Y's address. When Y receives the letter, she immediately shows it to her parents. * X does not commit defamation because the letter is not defamatory by nature. * X commits crimen iniuria but not defamation because there was not sufficient publication. * X commits defamation because the letter implies that Y will agree to sexual intercourse in exchange for money. * X commits crimen iniuria and defamation. ## 6. Read the following facts and then choose the correct option. X was involved in the commission of a serious offence which led to the death of a two-year-old. During questioning by the police X denies his involvement in a particular crime. The police subsequently find evidence linking X to the crime. The police want to lay a charge against X of attempting to defeat or obstruct the course of justice. * The false denial of liability by X when questioned by the police amounts to attempting to defeat or obstruct the course of justice. * The mere false denial of liability by X when questioned by the police does not in itself amount to attempting to defeat or obstruct the course of justice. * The fact that X made a false denial means that he can be charged not with attempting to defeat or obstruct the course of justice but with statutory perjury. * The fact that X made a false denial means that he can be charged not with attempting to defeat or obstruct the course of justice but with common law perjury. ## 7. What kind of intention is required for crime of abduction? * The intention to marry the minor or have sexual intercourse with him/her. * The intention to deceive. * The intention to defraud. * The intention to temporarily remove the minor to have sexual intercourse with her/him. ## 8. Read the following facts and then choose the correct option: X, whilst under the influence of alcohol, phoned the police and declared that he had kidnapped an unknown girl, and that he would kill her if a certain amount of money was not paid as ransom for her. Because of the call, the police conducted a search, and located X who informed them that the report was false; and that no girl was in fact kidnapped. In this case: * X cannot be charged with defeating or obstructing the ends of justice because he was under the influence of alcohol. * X can be charged with defeating or obstructing the course of justice because of the search the police has to conduct. * X can be charged with defeating or obstructing the course of justice because the wasting of the time of police officers, does interfere with the course of administration of justice. * X cannot be charged with defeating or obstructing the course of justice because the mere wasting of the time of police officers did not interfere with the course or administration of justice. ## 9. X, a South African citizen, works as a microbiologist in Germany. X secretly injects his girlfriend, Y, with a deadly virus that causes physical deformity, intense physical pain and eventual death. X knows the virus is highly contagious and that Y is coming to South Africa the next day to visit family. Upon her arrival in South Africa, Y unknowingly spreads the virus to members of the public and, within a month, more than 50 000 panicked civilians are infected and develop unsightly deformities and experience severe pain. * X commits assault but not an act of terrorism because his conduct was perpetrated in Sweden. * X commits an act of terrorism, assault with the intent to do grievous bodily harm and culpable homicide. * X commits assault with the intent to do grievous bodily harm, an act of terrorism and murder. * X commits attempted murder, defamation, assault with the intent to do grievous bodily harm and an act of terrorism. ## 10. Intention is always an essential element of the crime of contempt of court. * This statement is true. * This statement is false. * This statement is party true and partly false. * This statement does not make sense. ## 11. The crime of common-law perjury: * Is committed by a witness who makes a statement under oath which is objectively true but which the witness subjectively thinks is false. * Consists of making two conflicting statement under oath in the course of a legal proceeding. * Is a crime against the community. * Can only be committed by a witness who makes a false declaration under oath. ## 12. The crime of public violence: * Is only committed if the action actually disturbed the peace or infringed the rights of another person. * Is committed by the mere placing of stones in a road at a spot where a group of people assemble. * Can be committed by an individual acting alone. * Is only committed if the action assumes serious proportions. ## 13. If in his effort to gain entry into the house through an open window, X shifts a flower pot which is placed on the windowsill to one side, his act: * amounts to "breaking in" * amounts to attempted "breaking in" * does not amount to a "breaking in" * is a form of malicious injury to property. ## 14. X, a teacher, threatens to not give the school principal's daughter, who is a learner in X's science class, the marks she deserves in the examination if the principal does not give him (X) a promotion. * Although X is threatening to harm a third person, namely the principal's daughter, he still commits extortion. * X does not commit extortion because the threat is couched in negative terms. * X commits corruption. * X commits assault by means of a theat. ## 15. The offence of public violence is usually defined in terms of the unlawful and intentional conduct of a group, which is intended to disturb the public peace and order by violent means, or to infringe the rights of another. However, the accused's liability depends on his: * Individual participation only. * Unlawful participation only. * Unintentional participation only. * Individual, unlawful and intentional participation. ## 16. The crime of corruption * Is a crime against property. * Is committed if the corruptor (the giver) only offers to give a gratification to the corruptee as inducement to act in a certain manner. * Is not committed if the corruptee (the receiver) only agrees to accept a gratification as inducement to act in a certain manner. * Is only committed if the gratification takes the form of tangible or patrimonial benefits. ## 17. Where a person (X) who acts as an agent for somebody else (Z), and who purchases drugs for Z's own use, X: * Is not guilty of any offence. * Can only be convicted of attempted possession or use of the drug and attempted dealing in the drug. * Performs an act in connection with the acquisition of drugs and an act relating to the supply or furnishing of the drugs. * Performs an act in connection with the acquisition of drugs and not an act relating to the supply or furnishing of the drugs. ## 18. Generally speaking, the courts accept that a caravan does qualify as a structure, even if the breaking in takes place at a time when nobody is living in it * This statement is true. * This statement is false. * This statement does not make sense. * This statement is partly true and partly false. ## 19. Robbery is committed even if there is no actual violence against Y. A threat of physical violence against Y if he does not hand over the property, is sufficient. * This statement is true. * This statement is false. * This statement does not make sense. * This statement is partly true and partly false. ## 20. The elements of forgery include: * Actual or potential prejudice for own benefit. * Unlawfully making false documents without prejudice. * Negligently making false documents without prejudice. * Unlawfully and intentionally making a false document to actual or potential prejudice of another. ## 21. Fraud, Forgery, Uttering and Theft by False Pretences are: * crimes against property. * crimes against the individual. * statutory crimes against the state. * common-law crimes against the state. ## 22. The crime of statutory occurs where conflicting statements are made and: * only where it is made under oath. * only if it is done by a police officer. * only if it commissioned by a commissioner of oaths. * irrespective of whether one or both oaths are in writing or oral. ## 23. X steals a cellphone from Y by using violence to retain the property. X can be convicted of the following crime: * Theft. * Robbery. * Theft and Assault. * Attempted Robbery. ## 24. An act which would otherwise amount to corruption, would not be unlawful if X or Y acted under compulsion. X or Y would then be entitled to rely on: * necessity as a ground of justification. * public good as a ground of justification. * fair comment as a ground of justification. * public interest as a ground of justification. ## 25. The difference between common-law and statutory is that: * statutory perjury involves the making of one statement that is untrue. * statutory perjury can be committed in the course of legal proceeding only. * common-law perjury involves the making of two conflicting statements. * common-law perjury can be committed in the course of a legal proceeding only. ## 26. Ten individuals, one whom is X, sit in X's garage and plan to go to a large stadium where soccer team is playing against a strong British team the next day. They plan to detonate bombs, damage the pavilions, disrupt the soccer game, and intimate the British supporters until all the spectators have left the stadium. The next day they execute their plan but are arrested any spectators have left the stadium. * X commits public violence because, although no spectators had left when they were arrested, their conduct was aimed at disturbing the peace and infringing the rights of others. * X commits an act of terrorism. * X does not commit public violence because ten individuals are too few for purposes of the crime. * X does not commit public violence because they planned their conduct in private. ## 27. X, a lazy millionaire, is the owner and editor of a newspaper. Unbeknown to X, one of the journalists working for the newspaper, writes an article entitled: "The pathetic ignorance and misguided political beliefs of Judge Z". Judge Z has recently presided in a very controversial political trial and gave a judgement with which Y strongly disagrees. * X does not commit contempt of court because he was ignorant about the publication and therefore had no intention. * X commits contempt of court because, as an editor, his culpability may consist of either intention or negligence. * X commits contempt of court but will succeed with the defence of "truth and public benefit". * X does not commit contempt of court because the trial has been concluded and the case is no longer pending. ## 28. Y is employed as a cleaner by X, the owner of a large retail company. Y has X's permission to enter his (X's) office during working hours to clean the office. One evening after everybody has gone home, Y enters X's office, unlocks a built-in safe inside the office and steals a firearm which X keeps in the safe. * Y commits malicious injury to property and theft. * Y does not commit housebreaking with the intent to steal because he had permission to enter X's office. * Y commits housebreaking with the intent to steal and theft. * Y does not commit housebreaking with the intent to steal because a safe does not qualify as a structure in respect of which this crime can be committed. ## 29. Regarding the making of a declaration for the crime of perjury at common law, the declaration; * must be in writing. * may be oral or in writing. * must be false and must be in writing. * must be false and may be oral or in writing. ## 30. Where X compels Z to have sexual intercourse with his (X's) wife Y without Y's consent: * this act amounts to coercion only. * this act amounts to sexual violation. * it is a valid defence for X to argue that a marital relationship exists or existed between him and Y. * it is not a valid defence for X to argue that a marital relationship exists and existed between him and Y. ## 31. Regarding the crime of defeating the course of justice; * the terms "defeating" and obstructing" are synonyms of each other. * the term "defeating" is less serious than "obstructing" the ends of justice. * the term "obstructing" is less serious than "defeating" the ends of justice. * the term "defeating" and obstruction are on equal footing with each other. ## 32. X, a cunning second-hand car dealer, asks Y to lend him (X) his car for the weekend and promises to return the car to Y after the weekend. Believing that he will receive his car back from X, Y lends his car to X. In reality X already has a buyer for the car. Purporting to be the owner of the car, X sells the car to Z during the weekend. X thereafter buys his wife, W, an expensive diamond ring with the proceeds of this sale. * X commits fraud and Z and W do not commit any crime. * X commits the crime of theft by false pretenses and W commits the crime of receiving stolen property. * X commits the crime of theft by false pretenses and Z commits the crime of receiving stolen property. * X commits the crime of theft and W commits the crime of receiving stolen property. ## 33. Crimes against property include: * Attempted and Conceived Theft. * Fraud and Corruption. * Housebreaking with Intent to Steal. * Robbery and Receiving Stolen Property. ## 34. The fact that Y receives money from X in a corrupt way with the aim of using the money to provide for his sick child affords X: * a defence because he does not have the requisite intention to commit corruption. * no defence even though he does not have the requisite intention to commit corruption. * defence in terms of the Prevention and Combating of Corrupt Activities Act 12 of 2004. * a defence since he accepts the gratification for the benefit of his child and not himself. ## 35. X removes a child, against the child's will, from the parents' or custodians' control without the consent of such parent or custodians and he then demands a ransom from the parents for the child's release. * X commits kidnapping and extortion. * X commits theft. * X commits abduction and kidnapping. * X commits kidnapping against the child and the parents. ## 36. In a decided case, the court held that graffiti: * is art. * is beautiful for the environment. * constitutes damage, even where the original structure of the property is not changed, for instance, painting a statue. * does not constitute damage, where the original structure of the property is not changed, for instance, painting a statue. ## 37. For intention to be proven in the crime of dealing in drugs, X. * must be aware that the substance is a substance as described in the Act, that his conduct amounts to "dealing in" the substance and that his conduct is unlawful. * need not be aware that the substance is a substance as described in the Act, or that his conduct amounts to "dealing in" the substance or that his conduct is unlawful. * must be aware that the substance is a substance as described in the Act, but he need not be aware that his conduct amounts to "dealing in" the substance or that his conduct is unlawful. * need not be aware that the substance is a substance as described in the Act, or that his conduct amounts to "dealing in" the substance but he must be aware of the fact that his conduct is unlawful. ## 38. Read the following facts and then choose the correct option: X tells Y that an earlier act of infidelity by her against her husband will be revealed to her husband if she does not submit to intercourse with him (X), Y, not wanting her husband to know about the infidelity, submits to the intercourse, Y's submission: * cannot be construed as valid consent. * is a valid consent as this involves a third party. * can be construed as a valid consent since there was emission of semen. * cannot be construed as a valid consent since there was no emission of semen. ## 40. X, the owner of a large retail company, threatens to lay a false charge against the one of his employees, Y, if Y does not consent to intercourse with him (X). Y is the only breadwinner in the family and does not want to go to prison. She therefore agrees and has intercourse with X. * X commits sexual assault but not rape because Y agreed to the sexual penetration. * X commits rape and extortion. * X commits attempted extortion and assault. * X commits sexual assault and extortion. ## 41. Where a police official arrests a person and suggests that if the arrestee pays him (the official) money he may arrange to free him. * The police official cannot be charged with extortion because the threat was not explicit. * The police official cannot be charged with extortion because the threat was not carried out. * The police official cannot be charged with extortion because he claims that he was joking. * There is an implied threat that non-payment will result in further detention and therefore the police official can be charged with extortion. ## 42. The financing of terrorist activities whether this occurs inside or outside the Republic, amounts to an act of terrorism. * This statement is true. * This statement is false. * This statement does not make sense. * This statement is partly true and partly false. ## 43. The court in S v Mshumpa 2008 (1) SA 126 (Ε) * Did not extend the definition of murder to include the intentional causing of the death of an unborn foetus. * Confirmed that a foetus of 6 month's gestation can be the victim of murder. * Held that the victim of murder can be a living human being or any unborn foetus. * Extended the definition of murder to include the intentional causing of the death of an unborn foetus. ## 44. If X meets Y and Y is selling stolen goods to X, but X merely inspects and touches the stolen goods: * X will still be found guilty of theft. * X will still be found guilty of a crime of receiving stolen goods. * X cannot be found guilty of a crime of receiving stolen goods. * X will be found guilty as an accomplice to the crime of receiving stolen goods. ## 45. Protest action of passive resistance or other forms of non-violent protest are not unlawful for purposes of the commission of public violence, even if it alters the flow of traffic or disrupts police operations since. * this is considered faction fighting. * this is considered rioting. * there is no element of violence regardless of the disruption to, inter alia, the flow of traffic or the disruption to police operations. * even though there is an element of violence there is very little disruption to, inter alia, the flow of traffic or the disruption to police operations. ## 46. Prejudice for a conviction of Fraud must: * be patrimonial in nature. * be proprietary or non-proprietary in nature. * relate to the value of money only. * None of the above answers. ## 47. In the crime of common-law abduction: * The removal of a minor must be forcible. * The removal of a minor need not be forcible. * The removal of minor must include the possibility of a threat. * The removal of a minor must include an aspect of violent force. ## 48. In a decided case, the Court held that a handbag snatcher commits: * Theft. * Assault. * Robbery. * Robbery and Theft. ## 49. X can only be found guilty on a charge of defeating the ends of justice: * where it is proven that an innocent person was wrongfully convicted. * where it is alleged that an innocent person was wrongfully convicted. * where it is proven that X had a personal vendetta against the convicted person. * where it is alleged that X had a personal vendetta against the convicted person. ## 50. Read the following facts and then choose the correct option: During the sentencing of an accused found guilty of the rape and murder of a minor, a newspaper publishes an article whereby the newspaper complains that the sentence imposed by the court are too light and crimes of this nature are deserving of higher sentences: * Newspapers cannot complain. * Newspapers do not have a defence to such comments. * These complaints by the newspaper where they are made bona fide, in reasonable terms and in the interests of the proper administration of justice do not amount to fair comment. * These complaints by the newspaper where they are made bona fide, in reasonable terms and in the interests of the proper administration of justice amount to fair comment. # CRW2602 Nov 2022 ## 1. Criminal defamation * Always involves at least three parties or more * Involves only the recipient of the act and the perpetrator * Sometimes involve two or more parties * involves just the perpetrator of the unlawful conduct ## 2. Where X eats Y's food without Y's consent (consumes the property of Y), X commits * an act of greed which amounts to an act of theft * theft in the form of arrogation of possession * an act of consumption * theft in the form of appropriation of property ## 3. The Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007: * Defines the conduct element in the crime of sexual assault as *“sexual penetration”* * Introduces new statutory sexual offences that are not gender-neutral. * Provides an age prescription for the crime of rape so that rape may be committed only by a person of a certain age. * The conduct element in the crime of sexual assault entails sexual violation. ## 4. Read the following facts and then choose the correct option: X, who bears a grudge against her previous boyfriend, Y, lays a false charge of rape against Y at the police station. X can be charged with the crime of: * making a false declaration. * making a false declaration under oath. * unlawfully and intentionally defeating or obstructing the course of justice or attempting to do so. * unlawfully but unintentionally defeating or obstructing the course of justice or attempting to do so. ## 5. It is a requirement of the current rape law that: * the crime can only happen between a male and a female. * the crime may be committed even though X had not used any real violence. * the crime can be committed only of the victim yells loudly for the perpetrator to stop. * for a conviction of rape to be successful the intercourse should have taken place violently. ## 6. Regarding the crime theft: * an intention to acquire a benefit is a requirement for the crime of theft. * a specific form of intention to acquire a benefit is a requirement for the crime of theft. * both intention and negligence to acquire a benefit is a requirement for the crime of theft. * intention is not a requirement for the acquisition of a benefit for the crime of theft to occur. ## 7. As far as the crime of rape is concerned, in terms of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007: * a person cannot be raped by a part of an animal's body. * a person cannot be raped by anything other than a penis. * it no longer matters whether it is the vagina or the anus which is penetrated, whether the perpetrator is male or a female, or whether the penetration is by a penis or by a finger. * it no longer matters whether it is the vagina or the anus which is penetrated, whether the perpetrator is male or a female, but the type of penetration matters as some types will not amount to penetration like the penetration of someone's finger and not their penis. ## 8. X takes Y, a minor girl to his house, with Y's permission he has sexual intercourse with her but then immediately thereafter takes her home: * X is guilty of common assault. * X and Y can be found guilty of assault. * The temporary removal of a girl from her home in order to have sexual intercourse with her is not considered abduction. * The removal of a girl from her home, even temporarily, in order to have sexual intercourse with her amounts to abduction. ## 9. X, a male, has a surgically constructed or reconstructed penis which he inserts into the anus or mouth of Y, another male. In terms of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007, this would: * amount to sexual penetration. * not amount to sexual penetration. * amount to compelled sexual penetration. * amount to attempted sexual penetration. ## 10. It is possible for a person to commit contempt of court though an act of negligence. * No, it is not possible. * Yes, it is possible if it relates to the media; * Yes, but where the media is not involved. * No. because the form of culpability required is always intention. ## 11. Regarding the crime of perjury, it is: * possible to convict a person of perjury at statutory law if, under oath and in the course of a legal proceeding, he speaks the truth while believing that he is telling a lie. * possible to convict a person of perjury at common law if, under oath and in the course of a legal proceeding, he speaks the truth while believing that he is telling a lie. * not possible to convict a person of perjury at common law if, under oath and in the course of a legal proceeding, he speaks the truth while believing that he is telling a lie. * possible to convict a person of perjury at common law but not perjury at statutory law if, under oath and in the course of a legal proceeding, he speaks the truth while believing that he is telling a lie. ## 12. Corruption in: * any form is completed only once the benefit has been handed over. * its active form is completed only once X has given a benefit to another. * its inactive form is completed only once X has given a benefit to another. * its active form is completed even if X has only offered or agreed to give something to Y. ## 13. If, as a result of violence or threats thereof, Y decides simply to acquiesce in his or her sexual violation, there is, in the eyes of the law: * consent if Y did not suffer actual bodily harm. * consent if Y did not shout loudly enough to be heard. * consent if there was no actual violence involved. * not consent, because there is a substantial difference between mere submission and real consent. ## 14. Otherwise, unlawful injury to property may be justified: * through intention. * by official capacity. * by the perpetrator if he was looking for food. * by the common law provision giving X the right to destroy, wound or catch trespassing animals. ## 15. The purpose of the prohibition of incitement to commit a crime is to discourage: * terrorist activities. * people from making loud noises. * people from seeking to influence others to commit crimes. * people from making false claims against the administration of justice. ## 16. Read the following facts and then choose the correct option: X plants a bugging device in Y's flat with Y's consent, and then listen to his private conversation. * X can be convicted of defamation. * X can be convicted of invasion of privacy. * X is guilty of a minor infringement of privacy. * X cannot be convicted as no crime has been perpetrated. ## 17., Where a police official arrests a person and suggests that if the arrestee pays him (the official) money he may arrange to free him: * The police official cannot be charged with extortion because the threat was not explicit. * The police official cannot be charged with extortion because the threat was not carried out. * The police official cannot be charged with extortion because he claims that he was joking. * There is an implied threat that non-payment will result in further detention and therefore the police official can be charged with extortion. ## 18. X throws a rock at a police vehicle. However, the mere fact that X threw a rock at the police vehicle is not sufficient to convict X of public violence. * This statement is true. * This statement is false. * This statement does not make sense. * This statement is party true and partly false. ## 19. According to the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007, sexual violence can be the victim's fault if he dresses sexy, leads someone on, or says "no" after saying "yes" * This statement is true. * This statement is false. * This statement does not make sense. * This statement is partly true and partly false. ## 20. If X unknowingly receives proceed of the stolen property he can be convicted of the following crime: * Theft. * Receiving stolen property. * X cannot be convicted of a crime. * An accomplice in a crime of receiving stolen property. ## 21. Z was aware of the possibility that the property might be stolen, despite this decides to receive the stolen property. * Z must not be aware that the property has been stolen. * Z cannot be convicted of the crime of receiving stolen property for another. * Z can only be convicted only if he has satisfied himself that the property is stolen. * A person who commits an offence of receiving stolen property renders himself guilty of being an accessory after the fact. ## 22. Read the following facts and then choose the correct option: X quickly and unexpectedly snatches Y's handbag, which she is clutching under her arm, and runs away with it without Y offering or being able to offer any resistance, X can be convicted of: * Theft. * Assault. * Robbery. * Attempted Assault. ## 23. Read the following facts and then choose the correct option: X is an American citizen, but a permanent South African resident. X belongs to the Al Quaeda militant group. X finances, plans and executes various car bombings in America, but does so whilst residing in South Africa. The bombs not only killed people, it injured many others and caused extensive damage to property. * X cannot be found guilty of terrorism in South Africa because he is not a citizen of South Africa. * X can be found guilty of terrorism activity since according to the elements of the crime of terrorism there was a nexus between the terrorists acts committed or the accused and South Africa. * X cannot be found guilty of terrorism in South Africa because there was no direct involvement with the act of terrorism. * X cannot be found guilty of a terrorist activity in South Africa since according to the elements of the crime of terrorism there was no nexus between the terrorist acts committed or the accused and South Africa. ## 24. For a conviction of fraud, a causal link between the * misrepresentation and the prejudice is not required * misrepresentation and the prejudice is required * commission and the intent is required * omission and the intent is required ## 25. For the crime of theft, the requirement of an act of appropriation is satisfied once X * commits the act of theft itself * deprives the lawful owner or possessor of her property * exercises the rights of an owner in respect of the property * deprives the lawful owner or possessor of her property and exercises the rights of an owner in respect of the property ## 26. Where X does not exercise control over the drug in order to keep it for herself, but merely to look after it (temporarily or otherwise) on behalf of somebody else, X: * can be found guilty of "use" of drugs. * can be found guilty of attempted possession. * is nevertheless guilty of possession for the purposes of the Act. * cannot be found guilty of possession as the definition does include "temporary possession" ## 27. Which of the following is a form of terrorism? * Biological warfare * Organised crime * Extremism * Trafficking ## 28. Prejudice for a conviction of Fraud must: * be patrimonial in nature. * be proprietary or non-proprietary in nature. * relate to the value of money only. * None of the above answers. ## 29. The immediate consequence of the requirement of violence or a threat thereof in the crime of public violence means that the mere participation in ... * lawful protest or protected strike renders the participants guilty of public violence. * an unlawful protest or unprotected strike renders the participants guilty of public violence. * an unlawful protest or unprotected strike may render the participants guilty of public violence. * in an unlawful protest or unprotected strike does not render the participants guilty of public violence. ## 30. If X takes Y away from her home and locks her up in a room in his house, demanding that a ransom be paid by her husband for her safe return, X may: * be convicted of kidnaping as well as extortion * Only be convicted of kidnapping * be convicted of kidnapping as well as attempted extortion * Only be convicted of extortion ## 31. Regarding crimes against bodily integrity it: iniuria; whilst an iniuria against another's reputation (fama) is punished as criminal defamation. * includes the crime of scandalising the court. * is an iniuria committed against another's dignitas (dignity) is punished in our law as crimen. * is an iniuria committed against another's dignitas (dignity) is punished in our law as criminal defamation; whilst an iniuria against another's reputation (fama) is punished as crimen iniuria. ## 32. For the crime of abduction: * The perpetrator must physically accompany the unmarried minor when he or she leaves the parental home. * The perpetrator should have the intention of removing the unmarried minor for a substantial period of time. * Forcible removal is a requirement. * The perpetrator must have the intention that he himself should have intercourse with or marry the minor. ## 33. For the crime of robbery: *