Memory and Learning Presentation PDF

01/20 MEMORY AND LEARNING PRESENTATION  02/20 TABLE OF CONTENTS 01. 02. 03. INTRODUCTION LESSON CONCLUSION Types of memory, Memory techniques Memory Test me...

01/20 MEMORY AND LEARNING PRESENTATION  02/20 TABLE OF CONTENTS 01. 02. 03. INTRODUCTION LESSON CONCLUSION Types of memory, Memory techniques Memory Test memory and learning  03/20 01. MEMORY TEST Remember as many words as you can  04/20 SENSORY MEMORY First stage of memory brief storage system that takes in information from your senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) and holds it for just a fraction of a second before it either gets discarded or passed to short-term memory for further processing. Extremely short duration Iconic Memory (visual): ~0.5 seconds When you glance at a picture and can "see" it in your mind for a split second after looking away. Echoic Memory (auditory): ~3-4 seconds. When someone says something, and you ask, “What?” but then realize you actually heard them a moment later. Haptic Memory (touch): ~2 seconds. Feeling the texture of an object after touching it, even for just a second.  05/20 SHORT-TERM MEMORY second stage of memory: information is temporarily held for a short duration (about 15–30 seconds). It acts like a "workbench" for your brain (information is actively processed and either forgotten or transferred into long-term memory) lasts around 15–30 seconds unless actively rehearsed (e.g., repeating a phone number). STM can hold about 7 ± 2 items (5–9 chunks of information) at one time. Examples Remembering a Phone Number: You hear a phone number and repeat it to yourself until you dial it. Following Directions: When someone gives you verbal instructions (like “turn left, then right, then go straight”), STM helps you keep them in mind temporarily. Reading: STM helps you remember the words at the beginning of a sentence while processing the ones at the end.  06/20 LONG-TERM MEMORY Final stage of memory where information is stored indefinitely. It has an immense capacity and can hold information for a lifetime, making it essential for learning, personal experiences, and skills. Information can last from minutes to decades, depending on how well it’s encoded and retrieved over time. Two types Explicit Memory (Conscious) Episodic Memory: Personal experiences and events (e.g., your first day of school). Semantic Memory: General knowledge and facts (e.g., the capital of a country). Implicit Memory (Unconscious) Procedural Memory: Skills and tasks (e.g., riding a bike, typing). Emotional Conditioning: Memories tied to emotions, often formed unconsciously (e.g., fear of dogs after being bitten). Examples include learning a language, personal memories, skills, and facts LOGO COMPANY 04/20 07/20 MEMORY AND LEARNING What are some things you do to remember information for a test or homework? LOGO COMPANY 08/20 CHUNKING MNEUMONICS grouping related items using acronyms or rhymes together so that someone (e.g., “PEMDAS” for math can remember them more operations) easily Organizing a Shopping List: Making a “i before e except long shopping list will be easier to after c” remember if individual items are placed in categories such as dairy, fruits and veggies, meats, bakery and snacks.  09/20 MEMORY TEST Was this a word?  09/20 PART 2 Emotions, memory, and the Brain  03/20 THE HIPPOCAMPUS Essential for forming and organizing memories. Ex - It helps you remember what you studied for a test or where you placed your phone. Damage to the hippocampus can result in amnesia or difficulty forming new memories (e.g., the famous case of H.M., who lost the ability to form new long-term memories after surgery).  04/20 AMYGDALA processes emotions like fear, anger, and pleasure. Similar to the brain’s alarm system, alerting you to danger or exciting opportunities. Example: Why you might freeze up during a scary moment or feel joy when eating your favorite dessert. When overactive, the amygdala can contribute to anxiety or stress-related disorders. Triggers our “flight or fight” response.  05/20 PREFRONTAL CORTEX Helps with planning, reasoning, impulse control, and decision-making. It’s why humans can weigh the pros and cons of a decision or control impulses (like not eating all the cookies at once!). It’s not fully developed in teens, which explains why risk-taking behavior can be common.  06/20 BASICALLY... Your hippocampus stores the memories, your amygdala adds emotional value to them, and your prefrontal cortex helps you make decisions based on those experiences.  06/20 THE CASE OF H.M. H.M. (Henry Molaison): H.M. underwent surgery to treat severe epilepsy, which involved removing parts of his hippocampus. Surgery stopped his seizures but left him unable to form new long-term memories (anterograde amnesia). this occured because the hippocampus is crucial for converting short-term memories into long- term storage  06/20 TO PUT THAT INTO PERSPECTIVE... imagine waking up every day without remembering the previous day. How would this affect your ability to learn, form relationships, or plan for the future?