Medieval History Exam

MEDIEVAL HISTORY 1. 14^th^ century Hungarian feudal society experienced the highest rise and flourishing. 2. Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa in the family of a weaver, in his youth he took part in sea voyages, was an experienced pilot and captain, read a lot, knew astronomy an...

MEDIEVAL HISTORY 1. 14^th^ century Hungarian feudal society experienced the highest rise and flourishing. 2. Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa in the family of a weaver, in his youth he took part in sea voyages, was an experienced pilot and captain, read a lot, knew astronomy and geography well. 3. According to Firdousi, Hephthalite king called Akhshunwar helped Peroz by providing him with an army. 4. After the death of Clovis, the Frankish state was divided between his sons. 5. Al-Andalus was famous for its science and culture. 6. An agreement was concluded between the Spanish kings and Columbus, according to which the great navigator was appointed viceroy of newly discovered lands, with the right to receive 10% of the income from newly discovered possessions. 7. An iron mask was sometimes worn not only to protect the face, but to intimidate the enemy. 8. As a result of exploration, countries in Europe became very wealthy. 9. At the end of 1235, regular hostilities began between the Mongols and the Russian principalities. 10. Bushido consists of a code of honor. 11. By the beginning of the XI century, the full power in Italian cities belonged to merchant guilds. 12. By the end of the XII century, the city communes turned into independent city republics with their own laws, courts, and armies. 13. Charles Martell went down in history, due to the victory over the Muslims at the Battle of Tours in 732. 14. Christopher Columbus mistook Cuba for one of the islands off the coast of Asia. 15. Church of St. Sophia was turned into a mosque. 16. Columbus believed that by sailing west from Spain, he could reach Asia. 17. During the Heian period, Japan's central government was relatively weak. 18. During the reign of Emperor Basil II, the territory of Byzantium reached its greatest extent. 19. During his first voyage (1492-1493), Columbus discovered the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola. 20. A Feudal Lord was a noble who owned land and controlled the people living on it. 21. From XI - until XII centuries, France breaks up into feudal principalities. 22. Genghis Khan recognized Khorezmshah as the ruler of the Eastern Muslim world. 23. Genghis Khan recognized Khwarazmshah on an equal footing with himself. 24. High Renaissance period includes the late 15th and early 16th centuries. 25. Historians note that Hungary was the name of one of the seven Magyar tribes. 26. How many centuries did the Reconquista last? 8 centuries. 27. How many legions were defeated during the Battle of Teutoburg? Three legions. 28. How many people were on the Grand Council of Italy? Several hundred people. 29. How many royal districts were created by Stephen I? Ten royal districts. 30. Hungarians belong to the family of Finno-Ugric languages 31. In 1234, the capital of the Jin Empire was taken by the joint efforts of Mongols and Jurchen tribes. 32. In 1238, an uprising of artisans and peasants broke out in Bukhara under the leadership of Burunduk. 33. In 1275, the Mongols captured a significant part of Vietnam. 34. In 1351, an uprising began in China, which was called the Red Turban Rebellion. 35. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang captured the Yuan capital Beijing and proclaimed himself emperor of the new Ming Dynasty. 36. In 1382, Tokhtamysh attacked Moscow and forced the Russians to pay tribute 37. In 1499, Shaybani invaded Transoxiana and captured Samarkand. 38. In 1500, Pedro Alvarish Cabral (1467-1520) landed on the coast of Brazil and declared this territory the possession of the Portuguese. 39. In 1521, Magellan reached the Philippines. 40. In 375, the Ostrogothic Union was defeated by the Huns. 41. In 410, after a long siege, the Visigothic king Alaric took Rome, plundered it, and then moved to Southern Gaul. 42. In 759, Pepin conquered Septimania from the Muslims. 43. In Italy, a Small council was created to monitor the activities of the Signoria. 44. In Italy, control over the counties of Italy is carried out by the Signoria. 45. In Italy, the executive power, including the court and the command of the city troops, belonged to the Signoria. 46. In the following decades of the XI century. Papal power increasingly depended on the will of the German emperors. 47. In the Frankish Kingdom, congresses of the nobility met irregularly. 48. In the Kingdom of Hungary, after the death of the king, the throne was inherited by his eldest son. 49. In the XI century, demographic growth in Italian cities accelerated: by the beginning of the XIII century, the population in many of them increased from an average of 10,000 to 50,000 people. 50. In the XI century, many large cities began a period of rapid economic growth. 51. In the XI-XIII centuries, Italy was the main arena of the struggle between the papacy and the Holy Roman Empire. 52. In total, Suleyman I led his army on thirteen major campaigns. 53. In which city of the Khorezm Empire was Genghis Khan\'s trading caravan arrested and his merchants killed? Otrar 54. In 1205, the Mongols attacked the western regions of Khwarezm 55. Istanbul used to be: Constantinople 56. Jalaliddin Manguberdi was a Sultan 57. Jaloliddin Manguberdi defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Parwan 58. On November 23, 1221, a decisive battle took place between Genghis Khan and Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu 59. One of the greatest sculptural works of the early Renaissance  was David 60. Polytheism is The belief in many gods 61. Samurai swords were made by skilled blacksmiths 62. Samurai were members of Japan\'s warrior class. 63. Suleyman I is known in the East as Kanuni Sultan Süleyman. 64. Suleyman I is known in the West as The Magnificent. 65. The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic peoples who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th to the 11th centuries. 66. The artist who painted the Mona Lisa is Leonardo da Vinci. 67. The battle of Adrianople was a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Byzantine Empire in 1389. 68. The Battle of Ankara delayed the end of the Byzantine Empire to the 15th century. 69. The Battle of Ankara is a significant battle between the Ottoman Empire and the Timurid Empire in 1402. 70. The Battle of Legnano was a victory of the Lombard League over Frederick Barbarossa in 1176. 71. The Battle of Mohacs was a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Kingdom of Hungary in 1526. 72. The Battle of Tours was a significant victory for the Franks over the Muslim armies in 732. 73. The Byzantine Empire reached its peak during the reign of Justinian I. 74. The Capetians wanted to establish a strong nation controlled by a central government. Over three centuries they accomplished this by gradually expanding their territory and consolidating their power. 75. The Chagatai Khanate covered the territory of Central Asia, including parts of modern-day Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Xinjiang. 76. The construction work of the Church of St. Sophia was carried out for nearly a century. 77. The defeat of the Ottomans and the victory of Amir Temur were assessed by the European powers as a setback for Islamic expansion into Europe. 78. The diameter of the Kalon minaret is 15 meters. 79. The Ephthalites were first mentioned in written sources from the 5th century AD. 80. The famous "Baburnoma" shows the history of the Mughal Empire. 81. The final collapse of the Ottoman Empire came at the end of World War I. 82. The first European to sail around the world was Ferdinand Magellan. 83. The German monarch Henry IV declared the Pope a heretic. 84. The Golden Horde covered the territory of Eastern Europe and Western Siberia. 85. The height of the Kalon minaret is 46.5 meters. 86. The homeland of the Germans was Central Europe. 87. The Hundred Years\' War was a struggle between England and France. 88. The Ilkhanate covered the territory of Persia, Iraq, and parts of Anatolia. 89. The Italian city-states were very rich because of their trade and commerce. 90. The last Merovingian kings were almost completely removed from political affairs by the Carolingian mayors of the palace. 91. The mapping of new lands led to the development of cartography. 92. The mausoleum of Ismail Samani was built in Bukhara. 93. The Mongol conquest of Central Asia lasted several decades. 94. The Mongol conquest of the territory of modern China lasted about a century. 95. The Moors were Muslims of North African and Iberian origin. 96. The name Japan comes from the Chinese word, which means \"land of the rising sun\". 97. The period from the IV century to the VII century entered the history of Europe as the era of the Great Migration. 98. The teenage years of Amir Temur\'s life coincided with the Mongol invasion of Central Asia. 99. The term \"Revival (Renaissance)\" is associated with the flowering of culture in Europe, which started in the 14th century. 100. The word Renaissance means \"rebirth\". 101. The Yuan dynasty ruled over China. 102. Under the rule of Suleyman I, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. 103. Vespucci\'s hypothesis was finally confirmed as a result of Magellan\'s circumnavigation of the globe. 104. What agricultural products were produced in Italy in the Middle Ages? Grapes, olives, wheat, and various vegetables. 105. What are the main causes of political fragmentation in France? Feudalism, dynastic struggles, and regional identities. 106. What city was the mother of Russian cities? Kyiv. 107. What did the Muslims call the Iberian Peninsula? Al-Andalus. 108. What does Genghis Khan mean? \"Universal Ruler\". 109. What does the word \"Bushido\" mean? \"Way of the Warrior\". 110. What does the word \"samurai\" mean? warrior 111. What does the word \"shogun\" mean? general 112. What happened after the death of Charlemagne\'s son Louis? The Carolingian Empire was divided among his three sons, leading to a period of decline. 113. What is a Benefice? A grant of land or income given by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service. 114. What is a Fief? A piece of land granted to a vassal by a lord. 115. What is a Wergeld? A system of compensation paid to the victim\'s family in case of injury or death. 116. What is Bushido? The code of honor followed by the samurai. 117. What is History? The study of past events. 118. What kind of reform was carried out in the Kingdom of Hungary during the reign of Bell IV? Administrative, economic, and military reforms were carried out. 119. What percentage of land in Japan is suitable for agriculture? Approximately 12% of land in Japan is suitable for agriculture. 120. What period includes the Middle Ages in Soviet and Russian historiography? The period from the 5th to the 15th century is considered the Middle Ages in Soviet and Russian historiography. 121. What period is estimated as the time of the highest flowering of Byzantium? The 6th century under the reign of Justinian I is estimated as the time of the highest flowering of Byzantium. 122. What products were produced in Al-Andalus? Agricultural products like olives, citrus fruits, and silk, as well as manufactured goods like textiles, ceramics, and metalwork were produced in Al-Andalus. 123. What religion spread in the Middle Ages? Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism spread during the Middle Ages. 124. What role did the great geographical discoveries play in the world? The great geographical discoveries led to increased global trade, cultural exchange, and European colonization. 125. What tactics did Ephthalites use against Iranian ruler Peroz? The Ephthalites used hit-and-run tactics and ambushes against Iranian ruler Peroz. 126. What tactics did Peroz use against the Ephthalites? Peroz relied on traditional cavalry tactics and pitched battles against the Ephthalites. 127. What was called the standoff  between forces of the Great Horde and Grand Principality of Moscow? The standoff between forces of the Great Horde and Grand Principality of Moscow was called the \"Standing on the Ugra River\". 128. What was Charles Martel\'s nickname? Charles Martel\'s nickname was \"The Hammer\". 129. What was Genghis Khan\'s real name? Genghis Khan\'s real name was Temujin. 130. What was made of iron plates to repel sword strikes in medieval Japan? O-yoroi armor was made of iron plates to repel sword strikes in medieval Japan. 131. What was the advice of Vizier Al-Khivaki and Prince Jaloliddin? unite against the Mongol threat. 132. What was the capital of the Golden Horde? Sarai Batu was the capital of the Golden Horde. 133. What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire? Constantinople (later Istanbul) was the capital of the Ottoman Empire. 134. What was the famous work of Pahlavan Mahmud? \"Kutadgu Bilig\" was the famous work of Pahlavan Mahmud. 135. What was the main reason for strengthening royal power in France? was to unify the country and centralize authority. 136. What was the main reason for the conquest of the Timurid Empire by Sheibani Khan? The main reason for the conquest of the Timurid Empire by Sheibani Khan was to expand his territory and gain control over Central Asia. 137. What was the main reason for the decline of Kievan Rus? internal strife, Mongol invasions, and economic decline. 138. What was the main reason for the decline of the Ottoman empire? The main reason for the decline of the Ottoman empire was a combination of factors, including economic decline, political corruption, and military defeats. 139. What was the main reason for the decline of the Tang Dynasty? The main reason for the decline of the Tang Dynasty was a combination of factors, including rebellions, economic problems, and political instability. 140. What was the main reason for the emergence of the Khorezmshah state? The weakening of the Seljuk Empire and the rise of local dynasties was the main reason for the emergence of the Khorezmshah state. 141. What was the main reason for the end of the Mongol invasion of Europe? The death of Genghis Khan and internal struggles within the Mongol Empire were the main reasons for the end of the Mongol invasion of Europe. 142. What was the main reason for the Great Migration of Peoples in Europe? A combination of factors, including climate change, economic pressures, and political instability, 143. What was the main reason for the political fragmentation in France? Feudalism and the power of local lords were the main reasons for the political fragmentation in France. 144. What was the main source of information about socio-economic and legal relations among the Franks? The Salic Law was the main source of information about socio-economic and legal relations among the Franks. 145. What was the main support of the Normans in Italy? The support of the local population and the Pope was the main support of the Normans in Italy. 146. What was the most greatness building of the IX-X centuries in Bukhara? The Poi Kalon Complex was the most greatness building of the IX-X centuries in Bukhara. 147. What was the name of the ancient Uzbekistan? Sogdiana and Khwarezm were the names of the ancient Uzbekistan. 148. What was the name of the battle between the Russian principalities and the Golden Horde? The Battle of Kulikovo was the name of the battle between the Russian principalities and the Golden Horde. 149. What was the nickname of Lorenzo de\' Medici? Lorenzo de\' Medici was nicknamed \"The Magnificent\". 150. What was the reform of the Samanids in Central Asia? The Samanids carried out administrative, economic, and cultural reforms in Central Asia. 151. What were the main reasons for the collapse of the Samanid state? Internal strife, external pressures from the Ghaznavids and Karakhanids, and economic decline were the main reasons for the collapse of the Samanid state. 152. What were the main reasons for the decline of the Ilkhanate? Internal strife, economic problems, and the rise of rival powers were the main reasons for the decline of the Ilkhanate. 153. What were the main reasons for the decline of the Yuan ulus? Economic problems, rebellions, and the rise of the Ming Dynasty were the main reasons for the decline of the Yuan ulus. 154. When did Charlemagne die? Charlemagne died in 814 AD. 155. When did Genghis Khan die? Genghis Khan died in 1227 AD. 156. When did Granada fall? Granada fell in 1492 AD. 157. When did Ismail defeat the Safavid state? Ismail defeated the Safavid state in 1501 AD. 158. When did Jaloliddin Manguberdi die? Jaloliddin Manguberdi died in 1231 AD. 159. When did Mongols take the capital of Song-Lin'an(Hangzhou)? The Mongols took the capital of Song-Lin'an(Hangzhou) in 1279 AD. 160. When did Peroz ascend to the Iranian throne? Peroz ascended to the Iranian throne in 484 AD. 161. When did Sheibani invade Transoxiana and capture Zarafshan and Bukhara? Sheibani invaded Transoxiana and captured Zarafshan and Bukhara in 1500-1501 AD. 162. When did the Battle of Mohacs take place? 1526 ad 163. When did The Hundred Years War take place? 1437 1453 ad 164. When did the king of the Ephthalites Akhshunvar subdue Chaganiyan, Tokharistan and Badakhshan? 484 AD 165. When did the Mongols take the city of Baghdad? 1258 ad 166. When did the Mongols take the city of Kiev? 1240 ad 167. When did the Mongols take the city of Merv? 1221 AD 168. When did the Mongols take the city of Otrar? 1219 Ad 169. When did the Mongols take the city of Samarkand? 1220 Ad 170. When did the Reconquista end? 1492 Ad 171. When did the Renaissance in Central Asia begin? 15^th^ century 172. When did The Wars of the Roses take place? 1445 1487 AD 173. When the title \"tsar\" (czar) became official in Kievan Rus? 980 AD 174. When was Amir Temur born? 1336 Ad 175. When was Genghis Khan born? 1162 Ad 176. When was Jaloliddin Manguberdi born? 1162 Ad 177. When was Joan of Arc burned? 1431 Ad 178. When was Kiev demolished? 1240 AD 179. When was Suleyman I born? 1494 Ad 180. When was the famous book "Baburnama" translated into English? 1589 AD 181. When was the Magna Carta signed? 1215 Ad 182. When was the powerful fortress of Fiesole destroyed? 1125 AD 183. When was the Principality of Antioch created? 1098 Ad 184. When was the Treaty of Verdun signed? 843 Ad 185. Where is Mausoleum of Sultan Ala ad-Din Tekesh located? In Samarkand 186. Where is the mausoleum of Ismail Samanid located? In Bukhara 187. Where was Amir Temur born? In kesh 188. Which cities in France began to flourish in the X century? Paris Orleans Rouen 189. Which city was an important trade intermediary between East and West in Italy? Venice 190. Which city was the center of arms production in Italy? Milan 191. Which city was the center of fine fabric production in Italy? Florence 192. Which city was the center of leather production in Italy? Florence 193. Which institution was the highest legislative body of Italy in the Middle Ages? The parliament 194. Which port was formed on the Tyrrhenian Sea coast in the 10th century? Pisa 195. Who blocked the way across the Bosphorus by building a fortress in Europe? The Byzantine Emperor. 196. Who declared Brazil the possession of the Portuguese king? Pedro Alvares Carbal 197. Who defeated the Emperor Valens? The Huns 198. Who defeated the Hungarians in the battle of the Lech River near Augsburg? 199. Who defeated the Leonese king and united the west of Christian Spain under his rule in 1037. 200. Who destroyed the city of Kiev? Batu Khan 201. Who invented the gunpowder? Chinese alchemist 202. Who ordered to kill the ambassador of Genghis Khan and to cut off the beard of other members? 203. Who was the founder of the Timurid Empire? Timur 204. Who was the founder of the Safavid dynasty? Ismail I 205. Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire? Babur 206. Who was the founder of the Ottoman Empire? Osman I 207. Who was the first Mughal Emperor? Babur 208. Who was the first Ottoman Sultan? Osman I 209. Who was the last Mughal Emperor? Bahadur Shah Zafar 210. Who was the last Ottoman Sultan? Mehmed VI 211. Who was the last ruler of the Timurid Empire? Babur 212. Who was the last ruler of the Safavid dynasty? Sultan Husayn 213. Who was the first President of the United States? George Washington 214. Who was the first Russian Tsar? Ivan III 215. Who was the last Russian Tsar? Nicholas II 216. Who was the first Prime Minister of India? Jawaharlal Nehru 217. Who was the first President of India? Rejendra Prasad 219. Who was the first President of France? Louis Napaleon Bonaparte 220. Who was the first President of Russia? Boris Yelstin 221. Who was the first President of China? Li Xiannian 222. Who was the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom? Robert Walpole 223. Who was the first Chancellor of Germany? Otto Von Bismarck 224. Who was the first President of South Korea? Syngman Rhee 225. Who was the first President of North Korea? Kim II sung 226. The Bayt al-Hikmah reached its peak of greatness during the reigns of **Harun al-Rashid** and his son, **Al-Ma\'mun**. 227. Amir al-mu\'minin means \"Commander of the Faithful\" in Arabic. It is a title historically used by the caliphs of Islam, signifying their leadership over the Muslim community. 228. Buddha is a title used to refer to Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. It is a Sanskrit word that means \"awakened one\" or \"enlightened one.\" 229. According to the testament of Amir Timur, the heir to the throne was supposed to be his grandson Pir Muhammad. 230. According to the will of Amir Temur, the youngest son Shahrukh inherited the territories of Khurasan and Transoxiana. 231. After the death of Mirzo Ulugbek, Ali-Kushchi left Samarkand and moved to Herat. 232. After the establishment of the Abbasid dynasty in power, the last Umayyad caliph Marwan II managed to rule the west of the caliphate for two years. 233. Al-Andalus was famous for its cultural and scientific achievements. 234. All parts of Arabia gradually came under the control of Muslims during the two-year reign of Umar ibn al-Khattab. 235. Al-Ma\'mun paid great attention to translation work, in some cases, giving them gold in the amount equal to the weight of the translated manuscripts. 236. Amir Temur is known in Europe as Tamerlane. 237. Amir Temur spent his childhood in his hometown of Kesh. 238. Amir Temur spent the acquired wealth on the improvement of urban development and infrastructure. 239. Amir Temur was wounded in his right arm and leg in the battle of Ankara. 240. Amir Temur's spiritual mentor was Mir Said Baraka. 241. An agreement was concluded between the Spanish kings and Columbus, according to which the great navigator was appointed viceroy of newly discovered lands, with the right to receive a tenth of all revenues from newly discovered possessions. 242. An iron mask was sometimes worn not only to protect the face, but also to intimidate opponents. 243. As a result of exploration, countries in Europe became very wealthy. 244. At the end of 1235, regular hostilities began between the Mongol Empire and the Golden Horde. 245. At the very beginning of Uthman's reign, he relied almost exclusively on people from his own tribe, the Ottomans. 246. Bayt al-Hikmah included a library, an observatory, and a translation bureau. 247. Bayt al-Hikmah means \"House of Wisdom\". 248. Bayt al-Hikmah was the first research institute in the Islamic world. 249. Bedouin derived from the Arabic word \"badw,\" meaning \"desert\". 250. Bedouins are nomadic Arab people. 251. Bedouin\'s lifestyle was distinguished by their nomadic lifestyle and reliance on camels. 252. Before the arrival of Islam, the Arabs lived as nomadic tribes. 253. Bushido consists of a warrior code of ethics. 254. By the beginning of the XI century, the full power in Italian cities belonged to wealthy merchant families. 255. By the end of the XII century, the city-communes turned into independent city republics with their own laws, courts, and armies. 256. Abu Nasr Farabi was known as the Second Teacher. 257. Ibn Sina was known as Avicenna. 258. Caliph means \"successor\". 259. Central Asian merchants were skilled traders and diplomats. 260. Charles Martell went down in history, due to the victory over the Muslim armies at the Battle of Tours. 261. Christopher Columbus mistook Cuba for one of the islands off the coast of Asia. 262. Church of St. Sophia was turned into a mosque. 263. Columbus believed that by sailing west from Spain, he could reach Asia. 264. Ctesiphon was the capital of the Sassanid Empire. 265. During the Heian period, Japan's central government was relatively weak. 266. During the reign of Al-Ma\'mun, large books were brought to Bayt-al-Hikmah from Constantinople. 267. During the reign of Emperor Basil II, the territory of Byzantium reached its greatest extent. 268. During this first voyage (1492-1493), Columbus discovered the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola. 269. Early Islamic philosophy began in the 9th century. 270. Egyptians developed a form of picture or symbol writing known as hieroglyphics. 271. Feudal Lord was a noble who owned land and controlled the people who lived on it. 272. For what purposes was the caravanserai used? Caravanserais were used as inns and resting places for travelers and merchants. 273. From XI - until XII centuries, France breaks up into feudal domains. 274. Genghis Khan recognized Khorezmshah as the ruler of the Khwarazmian Empire. 275. Genghis Khan recognized Khwarazmshah on an equal footing with himself. 276. High Renaissance period include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. 277. Hijrah means migration. 278. Historian Hilda Hookham noted the importance of women in Mongol society. 279. Historians note that Hungary was the name of one of the Seven Magyar tribes. 280. Reconquista last for nearly 800 years. 281. Three legions were defeated during the Battle of Teutoburg. 282. There are eight paths of Buddhism. 283. There were 1,200 people on the Grand Council of Italy. 284. The Chinese exchanged 100 pieces of silk with the Uighurs for one horse in the second half of the VII century. 285. Stephen I created 10 royal districts. 286. Qutayba ibn Muslim took out hundreds of thousands of slaves from the Central Asian region. 287. There are four noble truths of the Buddha. 288. Qutaybah ibn Muslim paid the people who came to pray a dirham per person. 289. The traders spent 15 days to get from Kyat (Khorezm oasis) to Bukhara. 290. Hungarians belong to the Uralic language family. 291. In 1093, the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus turned to Europe and the Pope for help against the Seljuk Turks. 292. In 1127, the Second Crusade began. 293. In 1234, the capital of the Jin Empire was taken by the joint efforts of the Mongols and the Song Chinese. 294. In 1238, an uprising of artisans and peasants broke out in Bukhara under the leadership of Burundukhan. 295. In 1275, the Mongols captured a significant part of Vietnam. 296. In 1351, an uprising began in China, which was called the Red Turban Rebellion. 297. In 1355, Amir Temur married the younger sister of Tughluq Timur. 298. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang captured the Yuan capital Beijing and proclaimed himself emperor of the new Ming Dynasty. 299. In 1380, Tokhtamysh captured the Golden Horde and killed Mamai with the support of the great conqueror Amir Temur. 300. In 1382, Tokhtamysh attacked Moscow and forced the Russians to pay tribute. 301. In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral (1467-1520) landed on the coast of Brazil and declared this territory the possession of the Portuguese Empire. 302. In 1521, Magellan reached the Philippines. 303. In 375, the Ostrogothic Union was defeated by the Huns 304. In 410, after a long siege, the Visigothic king Alaric took Rome, plundered it, and then moved to Southern Gaul. 305. In 650, under the leadership of Uthman, the Arab Caliphate spread to Central Asia. 306. In 759, Pepin conquered Septimania from the Umayyad Caliphate. 307. In Bayt-al-Hikmah, scholars were mandated to gather and translate all of the world\'s classical works into Arabic. 308. In Hebrew, Arabs are ערבים. 309. In Italy, a Small council was created to monitor the activities of the Signoria. 310. In Italy, control over the counties of Italy is carried out by the Signoria. 311. In Italy, the executive power, including the court and the command of the city troops, belonged to the Signoria. 312. In the following decades of the XI century. Papal power increasingly depended on the will of the Holy Roman Emperor. 313. In the Frankish Kingdom, congresses of the nobility met in the field. 314. In the Kingdom of Hungary, after the death of the king, the throne was inherited by his eldest son. 315. In the XI century, demographic growth in Italian cities accelerated: by the beginning of the XIII century, the population in many of them increased from an average of 10,000 to 50,000 people. 316. In the XI century, many large cities began a period of rapid economic and cultural development. 317. In the XI-XIII centuries, Italy was the main arena of the struggle between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor. 318. In total, Amir Temur managed to unite most of Central Asia, the Middle East, and parts of Russia, India, and China. 319. In total, Suleyman I led his army on 13 major military campaigns. 320. In which cities were Amir Temur squares built? Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva. 321. In which city of the Khorezm Empire was Genghis Khan\'s trading caravan arrested and his merchants killed? Otrar. 322. In 1205, the Mongols attacked the western regions of China. 323. Islam is a monotheistic religion. 324. Istanbul used to be: Constantinople. 325. Jahilliyah means \"Age of Ignorance\". 326. Jalaliddin Manguberdi was a Sultan of Khwarazm. 327. Jaloliddin Manguberdi defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Parwan. 328. Jizya: A tax imposed by Islamic rulers on non-Muslim subjects. 329. Kalon Minaret was built in Bukhara. 330. Kharaj: A land tax imposed by Islamic rulers. 331. Kukaldash Madrasah was built in Tashkent. 332. Many participants of the children\'s crusade died from disease, starvation, and attacks by locals. 333. Mir Arab Madrasah was built in Bukhara. 334. Mirzo Ulugbek compiled astronomical tables with a description of 994 stars. 335. Mirzo Ulugbek ruled in Transoxiana for 17 years. 336. Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi, Axmad al-Farghani, Abu Mansour, Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi and Al-Abbas al-Jawhariy and other scholars from Central Asia worked at the Bayt al-Hikma during the reign of Harun al-Rashid and Al-Ma\'mun. 337. On November 23, 1221, a decisive battle took place between the Mongols and the Khwarazmian Empire. 338. One of the greatest sculptural works of the early Renaissance was David by Michelangelo. 339. Papyrus is a plant that grew in ancient times on the banks of the Nile River. 340. People of many professions worked for the maintenance of trade caravans as caravaneers, guards, cooks, and doctors. 341. Polytheism is the belief in or worship of multiple deities. 342. Pre-Islamic period called Jahiliyyah. 343. Qabus ibn Vashmgir offered al-Beruni the position of court astrologer. 344. Qutaybah ibn Muslim almost completed the conquest of the southern part of the Central Asia region in a short period of time. 345. Samurai swords were made by skilled blacksmiths. 346. Samurai were members of Japan's warrior class. 347. Siddhartha Gautama was a prince who was kept isolated inside a beautiful palace and not allowed to see suffering, old age, and death. 348. Silk used as a fabric and a currency. 349. Since the reign of Harun ar-Rashid (786-806), Transoxiana was mainly ruled by Samarid dynasty.. 350. Tang dynasty ruled in China from 618 to 907. 351. The Anglo-Saxons were a Germanic people who migrated to Britain in the 5th century. 352. The artist who painted the Mona Lisa is Leonardo da Vinci. 353. The battle of Adrianople was a decisive victory for the Ottoman Turks over the Byzantine Empire. 354. The Battle of Ankara delayed the end of the Byzantine Empire to 1453. 355. The Battle of Ankara is a decisive victory for Amir Temur over the Ottoman Empire. 356. The Battle of Dorylaeum was a victory for the Seljuk Turks over the Byzantine Empire. 357. The Battle of Legnano was a victory for the Lombard League over the Holy Roman Empire. 358. The Battle of Mohacs was a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Kingdom of Hungary. 359. The Battle of Siffin was a battle between the forces of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan. 360. The Battle of Tours was a victory for the Franks over the Muslim armies. 361. The borders of the state of Ulugbek almost coincide with the modern borders of Uzbekistan. 362. The Byzantine Empire reached its peak during the reign of Justinian I. 363. The Capetians wanted to establish a strong nation controlled by a central government.  Over three centuries they accomplished this by building a strong royal bureaucracy and expanding their territory. 364. The caste system limited social mobility in ancient India. 365. The Central Asian Renaissance is divided into 3 stages. 366. The Chagatai Khanate covered the territory of Central Asia. 367. The construction work of the Church of St. Sophia was carried out for 537 years. 368. The Crusaders were motivated by a combination of religious fervor, economic opportunity, and the desire for adventure. 369. The defeat of the Ottomans and the victory of Amir Temur were assessed by the European rulers as a setback for Islam and a potential threat to Europe. 370. The diameter of the Kalon minaret is 15 meters. 371. The Ephthalites were first mentioned in written sources from the 5th century. 372. The final collapse of the Ottoman Empire came at the end of World War I. 373. The first European to sail around the world was Ferdinand Magellan. 374. The German monarch Henry IV declared the Pope a heretic. 375. The Golden Horde covered the territory of Eastern Europe and Western Siberia. 376. The Great Silk Road branched off in China. 377. The Great Silk Road played an important role in the development of trade, culture, and technology. 378. The height of the Kalon minaret is 46 meters. 379. The homeland of the Germans were Northern Europe. 380. The Hundred Years\' War was a struggle between England and France. 381. The idols were made from clay, stone, or wood. 382. The Ilkhanate covered the territory of Persia, Iraq, and parts of Anatolia. 383. The Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea provided protection for trade routes. 384. The Italian city-states were very rich because of their trade with other countries. 385. The king or ruler of Egypt was called Pharaoh. 386. The last Merovingian kings were almost completely removed from political affairs by the Carolingian mayors of the palace. 387. The mapping of new lands led to the development of cartography. 388. The mausoleum of Ismail Samani was built in Bukhara. 389. The Mongol conquest of Central Asia lasted about 20 years. 390. The Moors were Muslims who lived in Spain and Portugal. 391. The name Japan comes from the Chinese word, which means \"land of the rising sun\". 392. The Nile was a source of life and civilization for ancient Egypt. 393. The nomadic Arabs were mainly engaged in herding camels and sheep. 394. The oldest civilization in South Asia is called the Indus Valley Civilization. 395. The period from the IV century to the VII century entered the history of Europe as the era of Great Migration. 396. The period of Abbasid power included a golden age of Islamic culture and science. 397. The period of decline of the Abbasid dynasty included political instability and economic decline. 398. The population of Arabia was divided into 3 main types: Bedouins, Hadar, and Qadha\'a. 399. The private land in the Arab Caliphate was called Mulk. 400. The second stage of Central Asian Revival called Timurid Renaissance. 401. The sedentary Arabs were mainly engaged in agriculture and trade. 402. The state land in the Arab Caliphate was called Kharaj. 403. The Talas Battle was a military engagement between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Tang Dynasty. 404. The teenage years of Amir Temur\'s life coincided with the Mongol invasion of Central Asia. 405. The term \"Revival (Renaissance)\" is associated with the flowering of culture in Europe, which started in the 14th century. 406. The term Yajur Veda means \"Veda of sacrifice\". 407. The Umayyad Caliphate continued the conquering policy of the Rashidun Caliphate. 408. The word Renaissance means \"rebirth\". 409. The Yuan dynasty ruled over China. 410. There were no surnames in Arab society in the pre-Islamic period. 411. This Egyptian "alphabet" was made up of about 700 hieroglyphs. 412. Under the rule of Suleyman I, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. 413. Under the Zhou dynasty China became a feudal state. 414. Ushr is a tenth of the agricultural produce, levied as a religious tax. 415. Vespucci\'s hypothesis was finally confirmed as a result of the first circumnavigation of the globe by Ferdinand Magellan\'s expedition. 416. Agricultural products produced in Italy in the Middle Ages included wheat, barley, grapes, olives, and citrus fruits. 417. The 4 classes of the caste system are Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. 418. The main causes of political fragmentation in France were the weakness of the central government, the power of the nobility, and the lack of a strong national identity. 419. The city of Kiev was the mother of Russian cities. 420. Coins used for calculations in the early Middle Ages were Roman denarii and Byzantine solidi. 421. The Arab conquerors called the Amudarya River Jayhun. 422. The locals called the Observatory of Ulugbek Gurkhani Observatory. 423. The Muslims called the Iberian Peninsula al-Andalus. 424. Egyptian hieroglyphs mean \"sacred carvings\". 425. Genghis Khan means \"universal ruler\". 426. The word \"Bushido\" means \"way of the warrior\". 427. The word \"samurai\" means \"one who serves\". 428. The word \"shogun\" means \"general\". 429. Goods carried from Central Asia included furs, precious metals, and spices. 430. Goods carried from China included silk, porcelain, and tea. 431. Goods carried from Europe included wool, cloth, and metal goods. 432. After the death of Charlemagne\'s son Louis, the Carolingian Empire was divided among his three grandsons. 433. A benefice is a grant of land or other privileges from a lord to a vassal. 434. A fief is a piece of land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for military service. 435. A wergeld is a payment made to the family of a murdered person as compensation. 436. Bushido is a code of ethics followed by samurai warriors. 437. History is the study of past events. 438. Waqf land is land that is donated to a religious or charitable cause. 439. The name of Ibn Sina\'s famous multi-volume work is The Canon of Medicine. 440. Kind of reform carried out in the Kingdom of Hungary during the reign of Bell IV was administrative and legal reforms. 441. Brick played a significant role in buildings in Central Asia in the X century. 442. Approximately 12% of land in Japan is suitable for agriculture. 443. The period from 1096 to 1099 covered the first crusade. 444. The period from the 10th to the 12th centuries covered the first stage of the revival of Central Asia. 445. The period from 1202 to 1204 covered the fourth crusade. 446. The period from 1147 to 1149 covered the second crusade. 447. The period from the 15th to the 16th centuries covered the second stage of the revival of Central Asia. 448. The period from 1189 to 1192 covered the third crusade. 449. The period from the 10th to the 11th centuries included the Abbasid caliphate under the rule of Buids. 450. The period from the 11th to the 12th centuries included the Abbasid caliphate under the rule of Seljukids. 451. The period from the 8th to the 13th centuries included the Golden Age. 452. The period from the 5th to the 15th centuries is estimated as the time of the highest flowering of Byzantium. 453. Products produced in Al-Andalus included agricultural products, textiles, and luxury goods. 454. Christianity and Islam spread in the Middle Ages. 455. The great geographical discoveries played a significant role in the global economy and cultural exchange. 456. Ephthalites used guerrilla tactics against Iranian ruler Peroz. 457. Peroz used traditional military tactics against the Ephthalites. 458. Trade routes existed in the Middle Ages included the Silk Road, the Spice Route, and the Amber Road. 459. An important part of the policy of the Arab Caliphate in Central Asia was the spread of Islam and Arabic culture. 460. The standoff between forces of the Great Horde and Grand Principality of Moscow was called the \"Great Standoff\". 461. Charles Martel\'s nickname was \"The Hammer\". 462. The conquest of Mecca in 630 AD was considered the beginning of Muslim rule. 463. Genghis Khan\'s real name was Temujin. 464. O-yoroi was made of iron plates to repel sword strikes in medieval Japan. 465. Mukanna\'s real name was Habib ibn Hayyan. 466. The advice of Vizier Al-Khivaki and Prince Jaloliddin was to fight against the Mongols. 467. The capital of the Golden Horde was Sarai Batu. 468. The capital of the Ottoman Empire was Constantinople (later Istanbul). 469. The capital of the Timurid Empire was Samarkand. 470. The dominant tribe in Makkah was the Quraysh. 471. The famous work of Pahlavan Mahmud was \"Kutadgu Bilig\". 472. The first Crusader state in the east was the County of Edessa. 473. The first period of the heyday of the Great Silk Road was the Han Dynasty period. 474. The last Muslim kingdom in Spain was the Emirate of Granada. 475. The main reason for the decline of Kievan Rus was the Mongol invasion. 476. The main reason for the decline of the Great Silk Road was the rise of maritime trade routes. 477. The main reason for the decline of the Ottoman Empire was a combination of factors, including economic decline, military defeats, and political corruption. 478. The main reason for the decline of the Tang Dynasty was a combination of factors, including internal strife, external invasions, and economic problems. 479. The main reason for the end of the Mongol invasion of Europe was the death of Genghis Khan and the division of the Mongol Empire. 480. The main reason for the Great Migration of Peoples in Europe was the pressure from the Huns. 481. The main reason for the political fragmentation in France was the weakness of the central government. 482. The main reason for the strengthening of royal power in France was the Hundred Years\' War. 483. The main scientific work of al-Khorezmi was \"Kitab al-jabr wa\'l-muqabala\". 484. 485. The Mongol conquest of the territory of modern China lasted about 20 years. 486. The Moors were Muslims who lived in Spain and Portugal. 487. The name Japan comes from the Chinese word, which means \"land of the rising sun\". 488. The Nile was a source of life and civilization for ancient Egypt. 489.