MAPEH Grade 8 3rd Quarter Reviewer PDF

MAPEH REVIEWER 3RD QUARTER  Characteristics of Traditional Music from India 1. Carnatic Music MUSIC  Music fr...

MAPEH REVIEWER 3RD QUARTER  Characteristics of Traditional Music from India 1. Carnatic Music MUSIC  Music from South India  Directed to a Hindu god INDIA  “temple music”  Largest country in South Asia  It is unified  Music is vast as its geographical location and its demographic  Schools are based on the same ragas, the same solo population instruments such as  Their music has aspects of Asian culture - Veena  Melismatic Singing - Flute o An aspect of vocal music, with the use of nasal vocal - Violin quality  The same rhythm instruments such as: o In the Philippines, this is used in chanting epics and the - Mridangam pasyon - Ghatam  Samagana  Mainly set for the voice with lyrics o Style of singing which developed into a strong and diverse  Compositions called krti are devotional songs tradition, becoming an established part of a tradition in 2. Hindustani Music India  Music from North India o Saman means melody  Goes back to Vedic period times o Veda means knowledge  Has Persian influences  Vedas  Found in the Northern and Central regions o Sacred texts of Hinduism  Nasal singing is observed in their vocal music  Sama Veda  Khyal – most common style of singing in North India o A sacred text which means imagination o Sung as samagana, not chanted  Instrumental Music in India o Third of the four Vedas of Hinduism o Hindustani Sangeet o Ranks next to Rig Veda (RigVeda) in terms of sanctity and  Instruments used in North Indian music liturgical importance o Carnatic Sangeet  Rig Veda  Instruments used in South Indian music o Also sung in the samagana style  Classification of Musical Instruments from India o Counted as first of the Vedas because of its liturgical o Ghan importance  Non-membranous percussive instrument with solid o Ancient Indian sacred collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns resonators o Some verses are still recited as Hindu prayers  Oldest class of instrument  May be a melodic instrument to keep tal   The instruments are:  The instruments are: - Ghatam - Banam - Karta - Esraj - Manjira - Chikara - Nout - Sarangi o Avanaddh  Tala  Membranous percussive instrument o Means “clap”  Comprises the drums o Variously transliterated as “tal”, “taal”, or “taala”  The instruments are: o Regular, repeating rhythmic phase - Daf (Duf, Daphu) o Rendered on a percussive instrument - Dhol o Indian system of rhythm - Tabla  Theka o Sushir o A sequence of drum-syllables of rhythm or “bol”  Also known as blown-air o An Indian classical music  Uses air to excite the resonators o Both Carnatic and Hindustani music use this  The instruments are:  Tabla - Shankh o Most common instrument for keeping rhythm in - Bansuri Hindustani music - Surpeti  Mridangam - Shehnai o Most common instrument for keeping rhythm in Carnatic o Tat music  Referred to as vina during old civilization o “Mridang”  These are plucked / stringed instruments  The instruments are: PAKISTAN - Sitar  Known for its unique vocals - Gotuvadyam  Two Vocal Styles in Music - Ektar 1. Ghazal - Gopichand o Traditional expressions of love, separation and loneliness - Rabab o It is more strict o Vitat o One of the principal poetic forms in Persian civilization  Described as bowed stringed instruments o Can be sung by both men and women  One of the oldest classifications of instruments  Occupied a place in classical Indian music until the last few centuries  2. Qawwali o Life passage events o It is the devotional music of the Christi order  Weddings o A vibrant musical tradition  Bar mitzvahs o It is originally performed mainly at Sufi shrines  Bat mitzvahs  Instrumental Music of Pakistan  Anniversaries o Punjabi o Entertainment  Strengthens the importance of instruments in  Belly dancing Pakistan  Folk dancing o Punjab  Vocal Music of Israel  Region in South Asia, divided into: 1. Devotional - West Punjab, Pakistan o Almost entirely vocal - East Punjab, India o Featured during Sabbath and other holy days o Bhangra o Hazan – leader of prayer  One of the most recognized forms of Punjab, based o Shofar – special call to prayer and repentance on the drum “dhol” 2. Secular o The instruments are: o Instruments and voice are used  Tabla o Played during life passages events  Dholak o Context lies outside the religious domain  Harmonium o Very rhythmic and have popular / romantic texts  Rubab  Instrumental Music of Israel o Lute WEST ASIA – ISRAEL  Similar to the Philippines’ bandurria  Their music is modal o Hora  Harmony is not emphasized, but salient features are used.  A dance that uses accompaniment  The music is commonly used during:  Has strong off beats and asymmetric meters o Communal Worships o Israel Instruments  Mosque  Jewish Lyre  Synagogue  Psalterion  Church  Shofar o Mystic Rituals o Arab Instruments  Sufis  Goblet  Hassidic  Toft o Middle Eastern Instruments  Oud  Darbuk TERMS TO REMEMBER o Classical Period  Shiva  Bar Mitzvah - The destroyer o Jewish ceremony for a 13-year old boy - The cosmic-dancer  Bat Mitzvah - One hand holds fire (which he o Jewish ceremony for a 12-year old boy destroys),  Chautal - one hand holds a drum (heard when o Means “four claps” the world was created)  Guttural - One hand points up o Grating speech sounds made in the throat - One hand points to the dwarf, which  Hassidic he dances to o Jewish devotional tradition o Islamic Ascendancy / Transitional Period  High Holidays  Where Mahabharata and Ramayana emerged this o Holiest days of the year in Judaism period  Hinduism  Evolution from Vedism to Hinduism o Predominant religion of India o Mogul Period  Matra  Period where Taj Majal was built. o Beat in Indian music  It was built by Shah Jahan, in memory of his wife  Pasyon  Diwali o Sung during Holy Week in the Philippines o Celebrated by Hindus in India around October or  Raga November o Acoustic method of coloring the mind o It is a 3-day or a 5-day holiday  Sabbath o Very exciting and a colorful holiday o Jewish holiday for rest o Lakshmi – Hindu goddess of wealth  Sangeet o Diyas – every household burns this special Diwali clay lamp o Music Hindu scriptures  Rangoli o One of the most beautiful and most pleasing art forms of ARTS India o Art of making designs on walls / floors using white powder INDIA along with diff. colors  Periods of Indian Art o Rang means color o Ancient Period o Aavalli means row of colors  This period is where the Ajanta Caves of o They are based on nature, such as: Maharashtra, India are found  Mangoes  Ajanta Caves of Maharashtra, India:  Creepers - 30 rock-cut cave monuments  Flowers  Peacocks PAKISTAN TAJIKISTAN  Has four recognized periods  They have been making: o Pre-Islamic o Fabrics o Islamic o Utensils o Colonial o Musical instruments o Post-Colonial o Carpets  Buildings build in the Pre-Islamic Period o Furnitures o Mohenjo Daro o Jewelries o Harappa  Carving o Kot Diji o Very important to local residents  Truck Art of Pakistan o Mostly present in: o These are brightly colored flamboyant trucks painted with  architectural monuments flowers, trees, city streets etc.  household structures  objects UZBEKISTAN  musical instruments  Known for making printed cloth:  souvenirs o Printed tablecloth o When Islam came, they changed to Arabian (using image of o Printed curtains people / animals) o Printed bedspreads o Vegetative o Printed shawls  Most carvers prefer this geometrical pattern  These are mostly flowers, tulips, lotus, etc.  Their ceramics hold a prominent place among the applied arts.  These are always decorated using nomadic patterns / designs TURKMENISTAN o Clothing o Utility tools  They produce the most unique and beautiful carpets in the world o Yurts  These carpets vary in shape and purpose o Horses’ saddles  Carpet Weaving o An ancient art KAZAKHSTAN o Each tribe develop its own pattern  Their visual arts are relatively young  Their carpets are woven out of wool, cotton, and silk by women  Petroglyphs can be found throughout the country  Keteni – a homespun silk that is used for the dresses worn by  Their fine art varies in: Turkmen women o Style KYRGYZTAN o Direction o Genre  They produce a wide range of textiles  Their captivating works are in museums around the country  These textiles are mostly the felt from their sheep  Shirdaks – hand-made carpets or rugs   Tush kyiz – embroided wall hangings made by elder women, given CHESS to a married son / daughter  Game that has been played for centuries  xxx – flat cushions that are made in shadow-pairs  It is originated in India in the 15th century PHYSICAL EDUCATION  Kings and Members of the upper class were only the ones to play this game SCRABBLE  Staunton  Bingo o He designed the modern chess piece o Word played using the seven tiles, earning 50 points o He was an English master in the mid-1800’s  Blocking  London tourney o Stops the opponent from making a potentially large score o First international chess tournament  Challenge o 1851 o An opponent calls “challenge!” when s/he thinks a play is o Adolf Aderssen  He won the game not acceptable o A word judge is called  “Unofficial best chess player” because he did not receive any award / title  Count Tiles  He was a German o Players count tiles before the game, making sure that there  Paul Morphy are 100 tiles o Players count tiles after the game, to know how many tiles o First great American-born chess player remain o He traveled to Europe to compete  Double-Double  Steinitz o When it covers two Double-Word Squares o He was a Bohemian (Czechoslovakian) o He won the first official championship chess tournament in  End-Game 1866 which was held at London. o When there are less than seven tiles left o He held the title up until 1894  Hook Letter / Hook  Russia has been the one recently topping the chess games, with o A letter that will spell a new word names such as:  Pass o Tal o A player may pass his or her turn by not exchanging tiles o Alekhine  Scrabble o Petrosian o Which two to four players score points marked with a 15 by o Spassky 15 grid o Smyslov  Tiles o Anatoli Karpov o Game equipment consisting flat thin piece marked with o Gary Kasparov characters  The Chess Pieces:  Benefits from playing Chess o King o Increases mathematical / scientific skills of the student  Most important; yet the weakest chess piece o Enhances problem solving skills, concentration ability, and  Only moves one square in any direction logical thinking ability o Queen o Develops self-confidence / self-worth of a student  Most powerful piece o Improves communication skills  Moves in all the directions except in the L-shape o Gives a lesson on hard work / commitment o Rook o Provides entertainment / relaxation  Moves to any square as far as it wants but only o Considered as a form of recreational therapy forward, backward and to the sides o Keeps the mind healthy o Bishop o Strengthens family relationships  May move as far as it wants, but only diagonally DOMINOES o Knight  It moves just by doing the “L-shape”  Collective gaming pieces making up a domino set o Pawn  It mimics family situation wherein the pieces are interconnected,  Moves forward, but captures diagonally and it needs to match together  Terms to Remember:  Any rectangle formed from joining two congruent squares edge to o Castling edge  A move of the king and the rook of the same color  It is derived from the Latin “dominus” which means master of the o Check house  Result of a move that places the opposing king  Domine for Scottish under an immediate threat  Dominie for English (mean schoolmaster) o Checkmate  “Domino” in France means black and white hood worn by Christian  One player’s king is threatened with capture priests in winter o Chess  Very popular in the countries like Italy, France, Britain in the 18th  Board game for two players, each beginning with 16 century pieces  They are also called as bones, because the earliest domino tiles are o Draw made from animal bones / ivory  Chess game where nobody ends as a winner  Has many names, such as: o En Passant o Tiles  A special pawn capture o Stones o Promotion o Men  Ability of a pawn wherein it reaches the last row of o Tickets the other side of the board o Spinners   Pips  Types of Pathogens o Spots in a domino tile o Bacteria o It commonly means “spot” or “speck”  One-celled microscopic organisms  Tile games have been found in China  Ranks among the most widespread of living things  Keung T’ai Kung – created the tiles games  Saprophytes – they digest non-living food (milk and  Chu Sz Yam – he said that domino was invented by a statesman meat)  Domino Set – usually called as “packs” / “decks”  Parasite – if it is a living plant / animal  The traditional Sino-European domino set consists of 28 dominoes  Host – the plant / animal that the parasite feeds on  Toxin Bacteria (1st Type of Bacteria) Domino Set Number of Tiles Number of Dots - Produces food poison like botulism Double Six (6-6) 28 168 - They live in the soil Double Nine (9-9) 55 495 - Can cause tetanus, lockjaw or pneumonia Double Twelve (12-12) 91 1092  Resident Bacteria (2nd Type of Bacteria) Double Fifteen (15-15) 136 2040 - Live in the human mouth, intestines and  Terms to Remember: skin o Bar - Protects us from harmful bacteria  The middle line dividing the two squares of a tile - Cause infections when they move to o Blocked game another resident  occurs when neither player has tiles that they can’t - Lactobacilli: produces lactic acid and is play found in gastro-intestinal tract o Bones - Coliform bacilli: found in the intestines,  Also known as the domino tiles breaks down carbohydrates o Bone Yard o Rickettsiae  Stock of domino pieces  Organisms that are intermediate o Dots  Between a virus and a bacterium  Spots of a bone  Grow in intestinal tracts of insects o Draw game  Requires living cells in order to grow  A player has no playable piece and is forced to  Lice, mites and ticks carry rickettsiae to humans draw from the stock o Viruses  Small, simple life-like forms from one-half to 100 HEALTH the size of a bacteria  Pathogens  Human body’s worst enemies o Tiny microorganisms that cause the most common diseases  All are parasites o Infect / invade the body o Attack its cells and tissues   Types of Viruses and What it attacks  They cause: - Rabies Virus – attacks the brain cells - Malaria - Polo virus – attacks the nervous system - African sleeping sickness - Cold virus – enters the respiratory system - Amoebic dysentery - Viral hepatitis – affects the liver - Severe intestinal infection - Mumps and mononucleosis – infect the o Parasitic Worms glandular tissues  A worm is classified as a parasite - Smallpox, chicken pox, shingles and warts  Disease-causing organism – attack the skin tissues  Lives in humans or other animals  When a virus enters a body, it attaches to a cell and  Derives its nourishment form its host releases its nucleic acid.  Examples o Fungi - Lice – live on humans  Simple organisms that can’t make their own food - Bacteria and viruses – live in humans or  These are therefore saprophytes animals  They live on dead animals, insects, and leaves - Parasitic worms – live on humans  They prefer dark and damp environments  Parasitic worms are also called as helminths  Most common fungi:  These eggs enter a body through the mouth, nose - Mushroom or anus - Yeast  Once inside the body, they lodge in the intestines,  Disease-producing fungi invades: hatch, grow and multiply. - Deep tissues of hair  The common helminths and the problems that they - Nails cause are on the next bullets. - Skin  Roundworms:  They cause infections such on the: - Hatches / lives on the intestines - Scalp – ring worm - Enters a body through any contaminated - Feet – athlete’s foot substance  Pathogenic Fungi - Without treatment, it can cause anemia - Causes brain inflammation and lung and malnutrition infections  Pinworms o Protozoa - a.k.a. seat worms / threadworms  Single-celled organisms that are larger than - Trichina Spiralis: causes trichinosis bacteria - Hatches / lives on the intestines  Have a more complex cellular structure - Enters a body through any contaminated  Most of these are harmless substance  They are common in tropical areas  Has poor sanitation   Tapeworms  Contact Transmission (DIRECT) - Live on the intestines o Kissing - Enters the body through raw / uncooked o Handshaking with a sick person beef o Sleeping with someone that has lice  Flukes o DISEASES: - Live on different locations of the body  Hand, foot mouth disease - Matures inside freshwater snail  Acute conjunctivitis - Causes schistosomiasis (bilharziasis)  Scabies  Chain of Infection  Head lice infestation 1. Pathogen  Chickenpox o An organism with the ability to case diseases o PREVENTIVE MEASURES 2. Reservoir  Isolation from the sick o A place where microorganisms can thrive / reproduce  No human contact 3. Portal of Exit  Keep hands clean o A way for microorganisms to leave the reservoir  Don’t share personal items 4. Mode of Transmission  Wear cloves when in contact o A method where the organism moves from one host to  Clean the items used by patients another  Food-borne / water-borne (DIRECT) 5. Portal of Entry o DISEASES o An opening, allowing the microorganism to enter the host  Viral gastroenteritis 6. Susceptible Host  Cholera o A person who can’t resist a microorganism invading his/her  Bacillary dysentery body  Hepatitis A and E  Mode of Transmission, diseases and the preventive measures o PREVENTIVE MEASURES o There are two types of the Mode of Transmission:  All foods are cooked  Direct  Perform hand hygiene  Indirect  Handle vomitus properly  DIRECT  Sick food-handlers should refrain from work 1. Contact Transmission  Vector-borne transmission (DIRECT) 2. Food-borne / water-borne transmission o Mosquito bites 3. Vector-borne o Insect bites  INDIRECT o DISEASES 1. Droplet Transmission  Dengue fever 2. Air-borne Transmission  Malaria  Japanese encephalitis  o PREVENTIVE MEASURES  Maintain environmental hygiene o Prodromal stage  Take protection from mosquitos  Second stage of infection  Droplet Transmission (INDIRECT)  Starts on the onset of non-specific signs, such as o Coughing fever o Sneezing o Illness stage o DISEASES  It is the third stage of infection  Influenza  When more specific signs / symptoms appear  Common cold o Convalescence stage  Pneumonia infection  Last stage of infection o PREVENTIVE MEASURES  An interval when acute symptoms of infection  Good indoor ventilation disappear  Keep both hands clean  Diseases and its preventions  Cover mouth when sneezing / coughing o Ringworm of the body (Tinea corporis)  Wear surgical masks when in close contacts with  Causes a very itchy rash that makes a ring pattern sick people  Preventions  Keep distance from a sick person - Keep skin clean / dry  Seek medical advice if unwell - Change socks / underwear once a day  Isolation from the sick - Wear loose-fitting clothes  Use protective equipment - Avoid tight underwear, pants, pantyhose  Air-borne Transmission (INDIRECT) - Dry yourself after showers o DISEASES - Use hair dryer  Pulmonary - Don’t share your own clothing  Tuberculosis - Wear slippers / sandals in locker rooms  Measles - Shower and shampoo hair thoroughly  Chickenpox o Acne o PREVENTIVE MEASURES  Common skin problem that causes stress /  Good indoor ventilation embarrassment  Seek medical advice if unwell  Preventions  Anyone with air-borne diseases should not enter - Wash face daily school - Wash acne-prone areas twice a day  Stages of Infection - Avoid heavy make-up o Incubation - Remove make-up before sleeping  It is the first stage of infection - Wear loose-fitting clothes  Starts from the entry of the pathogen until the - Shower after exercising appearance of the first sign - Keep your hands / hair away from face - Don’t squeeze them and reduce stress  o Athlete’s Foot  Caused by a fungus that grows on the top layer of the skin  Preventions: - Wear flip-flops - Use anti-fungal sprays - Dry the feet in-between toes - Avoid tight closed footwear - Change socks daily - Use clean towels o Warts  Verruca vulgaris  Most common of dermatological complaints  Slightly contagious  Caused by papilloma virus (HPV)  Prevention - Avoid direct contact with warts - Keep feet clean and dry - Change socks and shoes daily - Don’t go barefoot in public - Wear sandals in public pools - Don’t prick at warts - Don’t use the same nail clipper on your warts - Wash your hands after touching your warts o Jock Itch  Characterized by an itchy, red rash on the genital, inner thighs and buttocks  Occurs in warm, moist areas of the body  Prevention - Wash the infected areas daily - Change underwear daily NOTE: Try niyong sagutin ‘yung summative tests na nasa module :>