Male and Female Reproductive System PDF

Quarter 3 – Module 1: Role of Hormones involved in the Female and Male Reproductive System After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. describe the male and female reproductive system including body parts and functions; 2. investigate the role of hormones involved in...

Quarter 3 – Module 1: Role of Hormones involved in the Female and Male Reproductive System After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. describe the male and female reproductive system including body parts and functions; 2. investigate the role of hormones involved in male and reproductive system; (S10LT-IIIb-34); and 3. realize the importance of reproductive health and wellness.  Hormone is a chemical substance produced by the glands in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs which carries bloodstream throughout the body. Hormones have great impact on your growth, appearance, emotions, and reproductive functions.  The system involved in sexual reproduction is called the reproductive system. There is a striking difference between the male and the female reproductive systems, although they also share several similarities. For example, the reproductive organs of the male and female are developed from the same embryological structures, and some hormones are commonly found in both male and female, in varying quantities and produce different responses in the body. Male Reproductive System  Male Reproductive Organ Testis The testes are oval organs that lie in the scrotum, secured at either end by a structure called the spermatic cord. Most men have two testes. The testes are responsible for making testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, and for producing sperm. Within the testes are coiled masses of tubes called seminiferous tubules. These tubules are responsible for producing the sperm cells through a process called spermatogenesis. It produces sperm cells. Scrotu m It is a loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. It holds the testicles (also called testes), as well as many nerves and blood vessels. The scrotum protects your testes, as well as providing a sort of climate control system. For normal sperm development, the testes must be at a temperature slightly cooler than the body temperature. A sac of skin that holds the testis Penis It has three parts: 1.The root is attached to the wall of your abdomen. 2.The body or shaft is shaped like a tube or cylinder, the body of the penis is made up of three internal chambers. Inside these chambers there’s a special, sponge-like erectile tissue that contains thousands of large spaces that fill with blood when you’re sexually aroused. 3. The glans is cone-shaped end of the penis. The glans, which is also called the head of the penis, Vas deferens (tube) It is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder. It carries sperm from testes to urethra Urethra It is the tube that carries sperm and urine out of the body Epididymis A long-coiled tube that rests on the backside of each testicle. It is where the sperm cells mature. Glands They provide liquid in which sperm can swim. a.seminal vesicle It secretes a fluid that makes up most of the components of the semen. b. prostate gland It secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that is discharged as part of the semen. c. bulbourethral gland It secretes a thick and clear mucus that lubricates and neutralizes the any trace of acidic urine in the urethra. The Female Reproductive System The female reproductive system has the following functions: 1. produces female sex cells; 2. receives sperm cells from the male; and 3. nurtures the development of and provides nourishment for the new individual The Female Reproductive System Female Reproductive Organ Ovary -A small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus. -It produces egg cell. Oviduct (fallopian tube) -These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as pathways for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus -They serve as passageway of eggs from the ovary to the uterus; site of fertilization Uterus -It is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is the home to a developing fetus. -The site of egg implantation; is where the fertilized egg develops. If the egg cell is not fertilized, uterine lining (endometrium) will break down in the form of blood commonly known as Vagina -It is a canal that joins the cervix (the lower part of uterus) to the outside of the body. It also is known as the birth canal. -It receives the penis of male during mating  Puberty involves the onset of sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce. When a female reaches puberty, egg cells start to develop in her ovaries that produce the sex cells. It is also the time when the body develops the capacity to conceive. Pubertal stage is assisted by the hormones in the body.  The Roles of Hormones in Female and Male Reproductive Systems The entire reproductive system is dependent on hormones. These are chemicals that stimulate or regulate the activity of your cells or organs. The brain and pituitary gland produce primary hormones in the male and female reproductive system, these are follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.  In male reproductive system, follicle- stimulating hormone is necessary for sperm production (spermatogenesis), and luteinizing hormone stimulates testis to produce testosterone, which is also needed to make sperm. The production of sperm cells and the release of semen can also be regulated by other hormones. These hormones keep the reproductive system properly functioning. For example, the prostate glands, bulbourethral gland and seminal vesicle. Chemicals from these glands nourish the sperm cells and help them mature.  In female reproductive system, hormones assist the growth and maturation of egg cell. The follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone stimulate the growth of about 15 to 20 eggs in the ovaries, each in its own "shell," called follicle and stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone. These hormones help to develop and maintain female sex characteristics and play an important role in the menstrual cycle, fertility, and pregnancy.  Disorders Related to Hormones in the Reproductive System Hormones have great impact on reproductive system. These determine whether or not you develop disorders, abnormalities and sexual dysfunction in the body. Disorders that cause abnormal levels of estrogen and testosterone in men and women include: 1. Ovarian insufficiency is also called female hypogonadism. This condition occurs when a woman’s ovaries do not function properly before the age of 40. As a result, the ovaries do not produce enough estrogen or release eggs regularly, often causing infertility, osteoporosis, and depression. 2. Male hypogonadism is a condition that occurs when the testicles do not produce enough testosterone, causing infertility, a decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, and loss of secondary male sex characteristics. 3. Polycystic ovary syndrome occurs when women develop cysts in their ovaries that cause hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated androgen levels, which cause menstrual complications, fertility problems, and other health issues. Taking care of the health of the reproductive system is an important part of being adult like you. Practicing good hygiene is a way of taking care of reproductive health. In the next activity, perform a task which helps you gather more knowledge and disseminate information to address health issues and concerns. Directions: Choose only 1 task to perform. 1. Write a slogan promoting the reproductive health and wellness. 2. Draw a poster promoting the reproductive health and wellness. 3. Create a pamphlet promoting the reproductive health and wellness. 4. Make a Blog/Video showing a box which contains the items in promoting the reproductive health and wellness (example soap, deodorant, brush and etc). Have a short explanation for each item.