Magadh_Empire_-_Study_Notes.pdf

Magadh Empire - Study Notes Magadh Empire Copyright © 2014-2023 TestBook Edu Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: All rights reserved  Download Testbook App Magadha Empire Magadha was an old Indian domain in...

Magadh Empire - Study Notes Magadh Empire Copyright © 2014-2023 TestBook Edu Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: All rights reserved  Download Testbook App Magadha Empire Magadha was an old Indian domain in southern Bihar and was considered one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas of antiquated India. Magadha performed a significant role in the expansion of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's most prominent domains, the Maurya Empire and the Gupta Empire, began in Magadha. The presence of Magadha is recorded in Vedic messages a lot prior in time than 600 BCE. The earliest reference to the Magadha individuals happens in the Atharvaveda, where they are discovered and recorded alongside the Angas, Gandharis and Mujavats. The center of the domain was the zone of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (present-day Rajgir), at that point Pataliputra (current Patna). The four Mahajanapadas – Magadha, Kosala, Avanti, and Vatsa were competing for matchless quality from the sixth century BC to the fourth century BC. At long last, Magadha developed victorious and had the option to pick up sovereignty. It turned into the most impressive and powerful state in ancient India. Magadha is located in present-day Bihar. Jarasandha, who was a relative of Brihadratha, established the domain in Magadha. Both are discussed in the Mahabharata. SUBJECT | Magadh Empire 1 of 11  Download Testbook App Haryanka Dynasty The first important and powerful dynasty in Magadha. Bimbisara (558 BC - 491 BC) SUBJECT | Magadh Empire 2 of 11  Download Testbook App From 544 BC to 493 BC, he ruled over Magadha. Contemporary and supporter of the Buddha. Was additionally supposed to be an admirer of Mahavira. Had capital at Girivraja (Rajgir). Also called Sreniya. Was the 1st ruler to have a standing armed force. He began the act of utilizing marital alliances to reinforce his political position. He had three queens: Kosala Devi (King of Kosala's girl and the sister of Prasenjit), Chellana (girl of the Lichchavi head of Vaishali), and Khema (girl of the ruler of Modra, Punjab). He followed an approach of success and extension. Most prominent success by Bimbisara was the Anga. He had a viable and phenomenal regulatory system. SUBJECT | Magadh Empire 3 of 11  Download Testbook App The officials involving high posts were isolated into three – official, military and legal. Ajatasatru (492 BC - 460 BC) Child of Bimbisara and Chellana. He murdered his father and became ruler. An admirer of Buddhism. He assembled the First Buddhist Council at Rajagriha soon after the demise of Buddha in 483 BC. Won wars against Kosala and Vaishali. SUBJECT | Magadh Empire 4 of 11  Download Testbook App Udayin (462 BC - 446 BC) Son of Ajatasatru. Shifted the capital to Pataliputra (Patna). Last of the major Haryanka rulers. Succeeded by three kings – Aniruddha, Manda, and Nagadasaka. Sisunaga Dynasty: According to Sri Lankan chronicles, the people of Magadha revolted during the reign of Nagadasaka and placed an amatya (minister) named Sisunaga as king. Sisunaga Dynasty Sisunaga (414 BC - 396 BC) SUBJECT | Magadh Empire 5 of 11  Download Testbook App Was the viceroy of Kasi before the emissary of Kasi before turning into the ruler of Magadha. Girivaraja was the capital. He attacked Avanti and stopped the long rivalry between Magadha and Avanti. Later, Vaishali became the capital. Kalasoka (396 BC - 368 BC) Son of Sisunaga. Kalasoka changed the capital to Pataliputra. He led the Second Buddhist Council at Vaishali. He was slaughtered in a residence revolution that carried the Nanda tradition to the seat. Nanda Dynasty This was the 1st non-Kshatriya administration. The main ruler was Mahapadma Nanda who usurped the seat of Kalasoka. Mahapadma (345 BC - 329 BC) He is known as the "1st ancient ruler of India". He killed Kalasoka to turn into the ruler. SUBJECT | Magadh Empire 6 of 11  Download Testbook App His starting points are not clear. According to the Puranas, he was the child of the last Sisunaga lord from a Sudra lady. According to some Jain writings and Greek author Curtius, he was the child of a barber and a mistress. He ruled for twenty-eight years from 367 BC to 338 BC. He was also known as "Sarva Kashtriyantaka" (destroyer of the Kshatriyas) and "Ekrat". The kingdom developed under his rule. It ran from the Kuru nation in the north to the Godavari Valley in the south and from Magadha in the east to Narmada in the west. He vanquished many domains including Kalinga. Dhana Nanda (329 BC - 321 BC) He was the last Nanda ruler. He is referred to as Agrammes or Xandrames in Greek writings. Alexander attacked North-Western India during his rule; however, he was unable to continue towards the Gangetic fields due to his military's refusal. He acquired a large kingdom from his dad. He had a standing armed force of 200,000 infantry, 20,000 mounted forces, 3000 elephants, and 2000 chariots. He turned into an incredible ruler along these lines. He is supposed to be one of the 8 or 9 children of Mahapadma Nanda. He became unpopular with his subjects owing to an oppressive way of extorting taxes. Also, his Sudra origins and anti-Kshatriya policy led to many enemies. At long last, he was ousted by Chandragupta Maurya alongside Chanakya, which prompted the establishment of the Maurya Empire in Magadha. SUBJECT | Magadh Empire 7 of 11  Download Testbook App Causes of the Rise of Magadha Geographical Factor The fundamental land way joins Eastern India with the West. They could simply control the exchange between the two areas of the nation. Magadha Empire was enclosed by the Ganges, the Son, and the Champa on the three sides and made it invulnerable for the opponent. Old capital Rajgriha was deliberately arranged as it was encircled on all sides by slopes and cyclopean stone dividers. Magadha's New capital Pataliputra was still more deliberately strong than Rajgriha. It was located close to the conversion of the Ganges and the Son. It was simpler to control the course of the Ganges from the city of Pataliputra. These geological points of interest of Magadha helped them to be forceful against their neighbors while baffled by the invulnerability of Magadha's geographical components contributed altogether to the success of the Magadha Empire Magadha lay on. Economic Factor One of the primary elements behind the ascent of Magadhan Power was her monetary solvency and developing prosperity. Magadha had a large population that could be utilized in farming, mining, and for keeping an eye on their armed forces. SUBJECT | Magadh Empire 8 of 11  Download Testbook App The Sudras and the non-Aryans could be utilized in clearing up the jungles and recovering surplus land for farming. The overflow population could without simply live on the yield of the excess land. The Magadhan lands were fertile because of their area situated between the Ganges and the Son. In the fourth Century B.C. that the Magadhan lands yielded various harvests around the year. People of the Magadhan Empire became prosperous because of the fertility of the land and the legislature turned out to be consequently rich and powerful. Cultural Factor Socially, the rise of Magadha can be clarified on the ground that Magadha was the gathering ground of two inverse societies. The Aryan culture lost its unique virility when it came to Magadha and the waiting hints of the non-Aryan culture of Eastern India got stirred up with the Aryan culture. This collaboration of the two societies gave new strength and spirit to the Magadha Empire. The Magadhans joined in the way of life of the Aryans and the non-Aryans. In the circle of thought and reasoning Eastern India positively influenced the education of Mahavira and Buddha. The insurgency initiated by them in the circle of thought was enhanced by Magadha in the political field by the development of Magadhan imperialism and the Magadhan offer to set up a pan-Indian kingdom. Mineral Resources SUBJECT | Magadh Empire 9 of 11  Download Testbook App The mineral assets of Magadha were different resources of her strength and prosperity. With the beginning of the Iron Age, iron turned into a significant metal for making implements, plow shears, and weapons of war. Magadha had plentiful iron resources from the mines. Other than that they had copper mines. Magadha could furnish their huge armed force with iron weapons; she could offer excess iron to different states. Profound plowing with an overwhelming iron plow was conceivable because of the simple supply of iron. Role of Exchanged Economically, Magadha Kingdom had many sources of success. Magadha was located on the land course joining Eastern India with the West. The exchange flow over this route went through Magadha. Political Factor Politically, the satisfaction of Magadhan dream for supreme unification of India under Magadhan standard was conceivable because of the political atomization of Northern India in the sixth Century B.C. The competition among governments to stop their collusion against Magadha. None yet the republican states under Vriji made regular collisions against Magadha. The geographical and the regular boundaries like the rivers, mountains, and forest block the foresight of a united opposition development against Magadha. Risk of Foreign attacks Externally, the danger of remote attacks like that of Achaemenians in the sixth century B.C.; that of the Macedonians in the Fourth Century B.C. furthermore, the ensuing penetration of remote races strongly set forward the inquiry that without a SUBJECT | Magadh Empire 10 of 11  Download Testbook App core principle government on the subcontinent, it was difficult to protect it from outside intrusions. Such cognizance absolutely worked behind the ascent of Magadhan colonialism and arranged the nation to submit to Magadhan authority. SUBJECT | Magadh Empire 11 of 11