Mahajanapadas and Magadha Empire PDF

MAHAJANAPADAS C AND SS MAGADHA EMPIRE R A RM PA  Aryans (migrated from Central Asia) Tribes Jana C Janapada (where they stayed)...

MAHAJANAPADAS C AND SS MAGADHA EMPIRE R A RM PA  Aryans (migrated from Central Asia) Tribes Jana C Janapada (where they stayed) SS Mahajanapadas (consolidation of Jana) Mahajanapadas Total: 16 From where? (Source) R Texts: “Ashtadhyayi” in Sanskrit by Panini Mentions total 40 Janapadas A Buddhist Literature: RM Anguttara Nikaya (total 16 Mahajanapadas mentioned) Digha Nikaya (total 12 Mahajanapadas mentioned) Jaina Literature: Bhagavathi Sutra Multiple decision makers PA They were either Monarchial or Republic Kuru Kamboja Clans Vajji Malla Assaka  Iron Krishna Ayas or C Taxila Shyam Ayas Bharata Black metal SS Ujjaini Mahismati (south part) Narmada (North part) R South of Ganga A (Ganga-Son confluence) Karan (Angaraja) RM Varuna + Assi (rivers) Gonda, Bharai PA Ayodhya Bareilly  Shipra river Chetiya C SS 8 clans Vajji 8 clans Jnatrika, Videha, Lichchavi R Reasons for the Rise of Magadha A 1. Advantages position 2. It’s capital Rajgriha surrounded by 5 hills and Pataliputra situated at the RM confluence of Ganga and Son 3. Availability of large no. of Elephants 4. Great leaders Dynasties which Ruled in Magadha PA 1. Haryanka Dynasty a. Bimbisara (544 BC-492 BC) Agra conquest Sister of Prasenjit (son of Kaushal King) Diplomatically: through marriage 3 wives Chellana (Lichchavi) Madra Clan (Punjab) Sent his physician “Jivaka” to Ujjain (when they were suffering from jaundice) b. Ajatshatru Son of Chellana Conquered Lichchavi Defeated Koshala (married the King’s daughter) Patronised 1st Buddhist Council Killed is father Bimbisara C SS R War Engines/Catapults A Conquered Vaishali using War engines/Catapults RM c. Udayin Shifted Rajgriha Pataliputra 2. Shishunaga Defeated Avanti and merged with Magadha PA Kalashoka patronised 2nd Buddhist Council 3. Nanda Dynasty a. Mahapadmananda Title: Ekrat (meaning: Empire builder) Ruler of Macedonia b. Dhanananda Alexander invaded India during his reign (326 BC)  “Alexander the Great” defeated many places and was defeated by his own Army :Battle of Hydapses: between Alexander and Porous ↓ - On the banks of Jhelum ↓ Defeated 4. Mauryan Dynasty C - a. Chandragupta Maurya SS Society - Pottery: - - / Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) Punched mark silver coins -- R A I (Form of money) Nishka I > Facilitated to trade Satamana RM Artisans and Merchants: Guilds/Shrenis (organizations) - Crafts was hereditary / Iron ploughshares -> Agriculture surplus (2nd urbanisation after Harappa) PA Post - - Village headman: Bhojaka & Peasants had to pay tax -> 1/6th of their produce ↑ Rich peasants: Gahapatis T Vaishyas Bali: Voluntary offerings to the King (was compulsory) Toll tax persisted Collected by officers known as “Shaulkika”/“Shulkadhyaksha One Liners (MCQs) Last ruler of Nanda dynasty: Dhanananda C Vikramshila University was founded by a Pala King: Dharmapala SS R A RM PA