M25 Life, Works, and Writings of Jose Rizal Notes PDF

**Life, Works, and Writings of Jose Rizal Notes by Sir Jeric Ambrad** **Writing: Sa Aking mga Kabata (Poem)** - Wrote by Rizal when he was 8 years old. - Pointed out the nationalistic significance of the Mother Tongue. **Doña Teodora -- First Teacher** - Taught Jose Rizal the **ABC's.**...

**Life, Works, and Writings of Jose Rizal Notes by Sir Jeric Ambrad** **Writing: Sa Aking mga Kabata (Poem)** - Wrote by Rizal when he was 8 years old. - Pointed out the nationalistic significance of the Mother Tongue. **Doña Teodora -- First Teacher** - Taught Jose Rizal the **ABC's.** - Encouraged to write poems. - Stimulated her son's imagination by **telling many stories**. - **Amigo de los Nios** -- The Children's Friend, a story book. (Donya Lolay scolded Jose for drawing on the pages of the story book.) **Uncle of Rizal -- Influences** - **Tio Jose Alberto** - cultivate his artistic ability. - **Tio Manuel** - physical exercises - **Tio Gregorio** - intensified avidness to read good books. **The Private Tutors** - **Maestro Celestino** -- was Jose's first private tutor. (Spanish Language and Grammar) - **Maestro Lucas Padua** -- was the second private tutor. (Spanish Language and Grammar) - **Leon Monroy** -- Tutor in Spanish and Latin. He was a classmate of Don Francisco. **Writing: In Memory of my Town (Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo)** - It was written to express his love and appreciation for the place of Calamba. - Rizal loved his hometown Calamba in Laguna. He fondly remembered his memories of the said town. - In 1876, Rizal as a 15-year-old student in the Ateneo Municipal de Manila wrote the poem "In Memory of My Town". It was written to express his love and appreciation for the place. **The imprisonment of Doña Teodora** - Arrested for alleged attempt to poison her sister-in-law. - She was around 45 years old. - Walk 50 km around Laguna. - Imprisoned for 2 years without trial. **The Death of GomBurZa** - 200 workers staged a mutiny led by Fernando La Madrid - Mariano Gomez -- Bacoor Priest - Jose Burgos -- Manila Priest - Jacinto Zamora -- Marikina Priest **TO ENCOURAGE HEALTHY COMPETITION, CLASSES IN ATENEO WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS** - **Roman Empire** - Internos or Boarders - **Carthaginian Empire** - Externos or Non-boarders **Writings in Ateneo** **Por La Educacion Recibe Lustre La Patria (Poem)** - Education Gives Luster to Motherland - He compared education to the goddess of light, wisdom, hope, peace and truth and to a lighthouse. **La Allianza Intima Entre Religion y La Buena Educacion (Poem)** - The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education - A Poem he wrote to show the important relationship between religion and education. **Mi Primera Inspiracion (Poem)** - Jose Rizal's poetic verses show his eternal love and appreciation for his mother. **Felicitacion, 1875 (Poem)** - Felicitación is a Spanish poem written by Jose Rizal in 1875 to greet his brother-in-law, Antonio Lopez, on his saint\'s day. **Writings in UST** **To The Philippine Youth (A La Juventud Filipina, November 1879) (Poem)** - This was a winning poem in 1879. Rizal submitted it as his entry to the literary contest held by the 'Liceo Artistico-Literario'. **El Consoje delos Dioces** - It was an allegory in praise of Cervantes as a co-equal of Homer and Virgil. The entry was judged the best entry in the competition that year. **Reasons Why Rizal Stop Attending Class in UST (1882):** - The Spaniards discriminated Filipinos based on their race. - The Dominican Professors were hostile to him - He did not receive high scholastic honors as a result of his professors' attitude. - The teaching method was antiquated and oppressive **FIRST TRAVEL ABROAD** **Writings in Europe** **El Amor Patrio (The Love of Country)** (Essay) - First used the penname "Laon Laan" - Aimed to establish nationalism and patriotism among the natives. - The first essay in the foreign land - If one has to die, at least one must die in his own country, by his country and for his country. **Brindis (Toast)** (Speech) 1\. The independence of the Philippines in the future because the Filipinos already had education from Spain and their achievements were recognized abroad. 2\. The genius could come from any nations so the people in a particular race should not treat themselves as superior. 3\. The talents and intelligence of the Filipinos are innate and Spain gave them education which polished their capabilities. 4\. The Filipinos are ready for the reforms that the Spanish government will give. 5\. The Union of Spain and the Philippines is not impossible and he recognized the contributions of Spain for our country. 6\. The credit should be given to Juan Luna, Felix Hidalgo, to the students who choose to be apart from their families to continue their education and to the parents who worked hard and bore the longing for their children for the sake of their education. **Organizations in Philippines and Madrid** **Acacia Masonic Lodge (Madrid)** - In Madrid, Rizal was able to meet different personalities with liberal ideas like Miguel Morayta, Francisco Pi y Margal and other people who were brave to openly criticize the government and friars during their time and Rizal also joined the group. **Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Madrid)** - This new group was founded by Filipinos and Spaniards who are pushing for the reform in the government. The group also created a **newspaper** called the **Revista del Circo Hispano-Filipino** in order to addressed to the government authorities in Spain all the abuses and harsh treatment being done to the Philippines and the changes that they wanted to be done. **Writings in Europe** **Mi Piden Versos (They Asked Me for Verses)** **(Poem)** - Written while Rizal was a member of Circulo Hispano Filipino. It reflects how **sad** it was for him to have the ability to steer emotions through his poems, and have these emotions stifled and muted by the powerful and oppressive Spaniards. **The Flowers of Heidelberg (Poem)** - A poem that expresses prayer for the well-being of his native land and shows the **loneliness**, **sadness**, and **homesickness** of Rizal. **Place** **Country** **People encountered** ----------- ------------- -------------------------------------------------------- Berlin Germany Finished writing Noli me Tangere and printed the novel **GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Place** | **Country** | **People | | | | encountered** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Leitmeritz | Czechoslovakia | Dr. Ferdinand | | | | Blumentritt | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Prague | Czechoslovakia | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Vienna \> Lintz \> | Austria | | | Salizburg | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Munich \> Nuremberg | Germany | | | \> Ulm \> Stuttgart | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Baden \> Rheinhall \> | Switzerland | \- In Geneva Rizal | | Schffhaussen \> Basel | | celebrated his 26^th^ | | \> Bern \> Lausanne | | birthday with Viola. | | \> Leman \> Geneva | | | | | | \- After Geneva, | | | | Rizal and Viola | | | | decided to part ways | | | | (Viola returning to | | | | Barcelona) | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Turin, Milan, Venice, | Italy | | | Florence and Rome | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **First Home Coming** - August 1887 after a five-year adventure in Europe, Rizal returned to the Philippines, despite the fact that his life is in danger due to the uproar caused by Noli me Tangere. - August 08, 1887, he returned to Calamba and opened a medical clinic, and his first patient was his mother. - He received a letter from Governor General Emilio Terrero requesting that he come to Malacanang Palace a few weeks after his arrival. Rizal testified before Governor General Terrero, denying the governor general\'s accusations against his novel, the Noli me Tangere. He clarified that it was simply an exposition of truth, and he did not advocate for radical ideas. **Oppositions to Noli me Tangere** - The committee declared as against to the teaching of Catholics and as anti-patriotic, seditious to public order and harmful to the Spanish government. - The novel was banned from inside and outside the Philippines. As a result, **[Fr. Vicente Garcia]** made the following statement: 1\. Jose Rizal was a graduate of Spanish universities and a recipient of scholastic honors, so he couldn't be an ignorant; 2\. Jose Rizal does not criticize the church or Spain because what he criticizes in the novel are bad Spanish officials, not Spain, and bad corrupt Friars, not the church; 3\. Finally, the friars believe that those who have read the novel have committed a mortal sin, so Father Rodriguez has also committed a mortal sin. **SECOND TRAVEL ABROAD** **Place** **Duration** --------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hongkong Until February 22, 1888 Yokohama, Japan \> Tokyo, Japan Feb. 28, 1888 -- April 13, 1888 United States April 28, 1888 -- May 16, 1888 London, England May 25, 1888 -- March 1889 Paris, France September 1888 (For only one week then returned to London) Madrid and Barcelona, Spain Dec. 11 -- 24, 1888 then returned to London (La Solidaridad was founded) **The La Solidaridad's aim is to:** - Assimilation from Spain. - Bring to the authorities the corruption that is happening in the Philippines. - To fight for justice and development of the country. - To ask for a change or reform in the government policies and society. - Introduce the spirit of democracy. **Writings in Europe** **To The Young Women of Malolos (Essay)** - Written on Feb. 22, 1889, in London - Women of Malolos planned to establish a school where they could learn Spanish despite the opposition of Felipe Garcia, the Spanish parish priest of Malolos. 1\. Rizal expressed wrote this letter at the request of Marcelo del Pilar. 2\. Rizal commended the bravery of the young women of Malolos, Bulacan. 3\. Bravery of women which is not common to all Filipinas. 4\. Thus, the Philippines remains a colony of Spain because of the Filipino women. **Return in Europe** **Place** **Duration** --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Paris, France March 19, 1889 -- January 1890 (Rizal created Redencion de los Malayos) **Writings in Europe** **A La Defensa (Essay)** - In this writing, he depicted the deplorable conditions of the Filipino farmers in the Philippines, hence the backwardness of the country. This was in response to the anti-Filipino writing by Patricio de la Escosura published by La Defensa on March 30, 1889, issue. **Llanto Y Risas (Tears and Laughter) (Essay)** - a denunciation of the racial prejudice of the Spanish against the Filipinos. His essay is a satire where Rizal conveys his gratitude and tribute for the agony of his country and compatriots in the hands of the Spaniards. He reflects on events of his childhood and adolescent years, up to his stay in Europe. But then, Rizal sarcastically expresses his delight over the country's fate and tears fall in his heart as rain falls on his beloved country. It is such a secret place, the land of tears. **Sobre La Nueva Ortografia De La Lengua Tagala (On the New Orthography of The Tagalog Language) (Essay)** - He laid down rules for the Tagalog language. - The letters \"k\" and \"w\" be used instead of the Spanish \"c\" and \"o.\" - Inspired by Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera's "El Sanscrito en la Lengua Tagala" (Sanskrit in the Tagalog Language) **RIZAL IN BELGIUM** **Place** **Duration** -------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Brussels, Belgium January 28, 1890 (Rizal was working with his second novel -- El Filibusterismo) Ghent, Belgium (from Brussels) July 5, 1891 (published El Filibusterismo) Hongkong Nov. 1891 -- June 1892 **Writings in Europe** **Una Profanacion (A Desecration/A Profanation, 1889) (Essay)** - this essay/article mockingly attacked the friars for refusing to give Christian burial to Mariano Herbosa. **Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos (The Philippines A Century Hence, 1890) (Essay)** - He 'prophesied' Filipinos' revolution against Spain, winning their independence, but later the Americans would come as the new colonizer. - Filipinos have lost confidence in their PAST, lost faith in the PRESENT, and lost their hope in the FUTURE. - Lost of National Identity (Destruction of culture: Adopting of new culture) - Change of Masters; Gotten used to Slavery. - Because of the changes in the country, Filipinos are starting their resistance. **Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinas (The Indolence of the Filipinos) (Essay)** - This logical essay is a proof of the national hero's historical scholarship. The essay rationally countered the accusations by Spaniards that Filipinos were indolent (lazy) during the Spanish reign. It was published in La Solidaridad in five consecutive issues on July (15 and 31), August (1 and 31) and September 1, 1890. - Rizal argued that Filipinos are innately hardworking prior to the rule of the Spaniards. What brought the decrease in the productive activities of the natives was actually the Spanish colonization. Rizal explained the alleged Filipino indolence by pointing to these factors: - It is natural. - Man is not a brute nor a machine. - It is not a cause but an effect of backwardness. - The essay rationally countered the accusations by Spaniards that Filipinos were indolent (lazy) during the Spanish reign. **Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo** **Noli me Tangere** **El Filibusterismo** ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ Published date: March 21, 1887 Published date: September 18, 1891 Berlin, Germany Ghent, Belgium Social Cancer Reign of Greed Touch me Not (John 20:17) The Subversive Dedicated to the Fatherland Dedicated to the GomBurZa Inspired on "Uncle Tom's Cabin" by Harriet Beecher Stowe Inspired by the "Count of Monte Cristo" by Alexander Dumas Savior/Sponsor: Maximo Viola Savior/Sponsor: Valentine Ventura 64 Chapters 39 Chapters \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_^18^ Novel \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_^19^ Novel Work of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_^20^ Work of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_^21^ **Notable Characters of Noli me Tangere** **Juan Crisostomo Ibarra** - He is a Filipino who studied in Europe for 7 years and the son of Don Rafael Ibarra. He is Maria Clara's sweetheart and love interest. - Raised in San Diego, a fictional town in Laguna, Ibarra spent seven years studying in Europe. He returned to the Philippines after learning about the death of his father, Don Rafael. **Maria Clara** - Maria Clara is a dalagang Filipina and is the novel\'s primary female character. She is a sweet and kindhearted young woman, who is well-loved by everyone. - She is Crisostomo Ibarra\'s childhood friend and fiancée. When he was away in Europe, her father, the wealthy Capitan Tiago, sent Maria Clara to study at the Beaterio de Santa Clara. - Maria Clara is known to be the ideal, conservative Filipino woman. Her mother, Doña Pia Alba, died in childbirth, so she was raised by her aunt, Tiya Isabel. **Elias** - He is Ibarra's mysterious friend. He is a master boater who helps Ibarra to escape; he is also a fugitive. - The mysterious fugitive is Ibarra\'s most devoted supporter and saved him on multiple occasions. Born rich but growing up disillusioned with the status quo, Elias devoted his life to helping out those most oppressed in society. **Crispin** - Basilio\'s younger brother. Basilio was very close to his brother Crispin, the two working together as sacristans at the San Diego church. Following the incident that left Crispin missing and presumably dead, Basilio became wracked with grief and guilt for leaving Crispin behind to save himself. Throughout his life Basilio was presumably motivated by Crispin, taking on his dream of becoming a doctor and working tirelessly to achieve it. Crispin\'s disappearance was, therefore, the driving force that inspired Basilio to study, as a way of keeping his brother\'s memory alive. **Padre Salvi** - Bernardo Salvi is a priest who is in love with Maria Clara. - The town curate of San Diego and the successor of Padre Damaso. Possessing a rivalry with the town\'s alferez, he later orchestrated the downfall of Crisostomo Ibarra, manipulating the townspeople in the process. **Padre Damaso** - Padre Damaso is the former parish priest of San Diego. - The arrogant priest acts superior to everyone around him and does not control his words---especially to Ibarra---even if others will feel embarrassed or guilty. - He is later revealed to be the real father of Maria Clara, and aims to stop her marriage to Ibarra. **Capitan Tiago** - Maria Clara\'s father and an influential businessman. He befriended Don Rafael Ibarra and Padre Damaso in San Diego. **Pilosopo Tasyo** - Tasio is one of the characters in the novel that Rizal can relate to, as the former is patterned after the latter\'s oldest brother, Paciano Rizal. - also known as Don Anastacio. On the one hand, he is described to as a philosopher/sage (thus the name Pilosopo Tasyo) because his thoughts were in tune with the townspeople\'s brains. **Sisa** - Sisa is the mother of Basilio and Crispin. After enduring an abusive husband and the disappearance of her boys, she eventually loses her sanity due to the trauma. - Sisa is a caring and devoted mother. She never stopped looking for her sons and wandered around San Diego while calling out their names. **Doña Victorina** - Dona Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña is the woman who pretended to be a meztisa (a Spanish woman born in the Philippines) and dreamed of marrying a Spaniard, which she did when she married Don Tiburcio. Because of her strange looks, vicious personality, and passionate rivalry with Donya Consolacion, she was feared by everyone in the village. **Doña Consolacion** - Doña Consolacíon, the Civil Guards Museum\'s muse and Alférez\'s wife, was a laundry worker for the town of Alferez at one time. After marrying a Spaniard, she became extremely wealthy. - Doña Consolación is a brutal, vulgar partner who berates the ensign, engaging him in intense physical fights heard across the town. **Notable Characters of El Filibuterismo** **Simoun** - He is Crisostomo Ibarra who reincarnated as a wealthy jeweler. **Don Tiburcio de Espadaña** - Henpecked husband of Dona Victoria. Make a living as a quack doctor. - He is timid and never participated in conversation. Represented the ignorant Spaniards whose foolishness the other Spaniards tolerated, often resulting in disastrous consequences for the natives. **Isagani** - He is poet and Basilio's bestfriend; portrayed as emotional and reactive; Paulita Gomez boyfriend before being dumped for student Juanito Pelaez. - Paulita\'s lover. The man was Paulita\'s first love, and she demonstrated care for him on some level. Despite this, she often quarreled with him and outright dismissed his dreams for the future as being unattainable. Ultimately, Paulita did not think of being with Isagani as sensible, and married Juanito in order to secure a life of wealth and security. **Basilio** - Basilio was a young boy living in San Diego and the older brother of Crispin. Following his mother\'s death and his brother\'s disappearance, Basilio fled the town and was taken in by Capitan Tiago. Living in Manila, he became a medical student, also joining the student organization attempting to found the Castilian Academy. - Basilio was born the son of Sisa in San Diego sometime in 1871. Growing up with his younger brother Crispin, the two eventually became sacristans at the San Diego parish. **Paulita Gomez** - a beautiful and flirtatious orphan who knows that every boy in the university admires her. She was the girlfriend of Isagani but in the end she married another man just to follow the request of her aunt, Doña Victorina. - At a young age, Paulita became orphaned and was put under the care of her uncle and aunt, Don Tiburcio and Doña Victorina. She also, at some point, became lovers with Isagani. - She was a resident of San Diego and the daughter of Cabesang Tales. After her father was abducted by bandits, she did whatever she could to raise enough ransom money. - Basilio\'s lover. Basilio made sacrifices for her, such as withdrawing his savings to get her out of being Hermana Penchang\'s servant. Juli\'s death stemming from Padre Camorra pushed Basilio into his lowest point, causing him to join Simoun\'s revolution as an embittered and destructive version of his former self. **Placido Penitente** - He was a student from the province. A scholar and a victim of a self-centered professor. He walked out from school and joined the plan of Simoun. **Ben Zayb** - Abraham Ybanez - Spanish journalist who wrote only articles about the Filipinos - He has his own version of the truth in his mind. He sensationalizes and embellishes events to showcase his writing and promote his own interests. **Kabesang Tales** - former cabeza de barangay; Telesforo Juan de Dios - His family and father cultivate a piece of land. From the hardship and sickness (malaria) they experience, Tales\'s wife and eldest daughter die. **Padre Camorra** - Padre Camorra represents the abuse experienced by women. He only has eyes for. beautiful women and not caring (or noticing) whether his behavior makes them. - The following year, when Basilio was arrested on the charge of sedition, Juli learned of his subsequent imprisonment. Desperate, she sought the help of Padre Camorra, the parish priest of Tiani. While there, she was assaulted by him, causing her to jump off the church tower and commit suicide. **Padre Irene** - Kapitán Tiago\'s spiritual adviser - Irene secretly but regularly supplies Kapitán Tiago with **opium.** - He embellished stories of panic following the outlawing of the student association Basilio was part of, hastening Kapitán Tiago\'s death. With Basilio in prison, he then struck Basilio out of Tiago\'s last will and testament, ensuring he inherited nothing. **Padre Florentino** - Priest with sad and serious features perhaps tried by deep moral suffering. - Padre Florentino was the parish priest of the town of Tiani and the adoptive uncle of Isagani. He eventually came to shelter both Don Tiburcio and Simoun from their respective threats. **Writing in Dapitan** **Mi Retiro (My Retreat) (Poem)** - Upon the request of Doña Teodora, Jose Rizal came up with a beautiful poem vis-à-vis his tranquil life in Dapitan. - The poem was sent to his mother in 1895.  It was commended by the critics as one of the best of his literary creations. - In the poem, he gave a narrative account of his peaceful life while exiled in Dapitan where he lived a well-rounded life as a farmer, teacher, and merchant.  **Achievements of Rizal in Dapitan** - Won the lottery - Established community **school for boys**^.^ - Practice medicine - Created a water system - Conducted scientific research - Invented **Sulpukan** -- [wooden cigarette lighter] - Invented wooden machine for making bricks - Coco Lumber Business - Gather specimens of flowers, insects, shells, and reptiles **Rizal's Imprisonment** - He was imprisoned on **Nov. 3, 1896**, **Fort Santiago**. - **Lt. Luis Taviel De Andrade** -- [Rizals' Lawyer] - **Military Court** -- trial took place on Dec 26, 1896 - On the **charge of Rebellion.** **My Last Farewell (Mi Ultimo Adios, December 1896) (Poem)** - It is an **Elegy**. - This untitled poem is considered as the most celebrated poem by the national hero. - Rizal's friend, Mariano Ponce,was the one who titled the poem "Mi Ultimo Pensamiento"(My Last Thought). Later, the poem was referred to as "My Last Farewell" (Mi Ultimo Adios). -  "Mi Ultimo Adios", a brilliant creation, was assumed to be written the night before Jose Rizal's execution on December 30, 1896. As the dear visitors were leaving, Jose handed over to his sister Trinidad an alcohol cooking stove, a gift from the Pardo de Taveras, whispering to her in a language which the guards could not comprehend, "There is something in it." That 'something' was Rizal's unsigned, undated, and untitled poem consisting of 14 five-line stanzas. The Rizal family reproduced and distributed copies of it and sent copies to the hero's friends in the country and abroad. - At the last part of the poem, Jose Rizal mentioned of his "sweet stranger" as his friend and joy. This implied his farewell to his beloved "dulce estranjera", Josephine. **Execution** - Governor General **Camilo Polavieja signed the court martial's decision** to execute Rizal by firing squad at 7:00 AM on December 30, 1896, in Bagumbayan. - Last Words: **Consummatum est (It is finished).** - Buried in Paco, Cemetery.