M1 Final Exam Review Sheet PDF - History

M1 Final Exam Review Sheet Vocabulary Word Out of Africa theory Homo sapiens (humans) developed first in Africa and then spread around the world between 100 and 200,000 years ago, superseding all other h...

M1 Final Exam Review Sheet Vocabulary Word Out of Africa theory Homo sapiens (humans) developed first in Africa and then spread around the world between 100 and 200,000 years ago, superseding all other hominid species. The implication of this argument is that all modern people are ultimately of African descent. Migration Human migration involves the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location (geographic region).... There are four major forms of migration: invasion, conquest, colonization and emigration/immigration. B.C.E. Before Common Era C.E. Common Era Interval the amount of time between two given points in time. Hunter-gatherer Those who would hunt/fish for food. Those who pick fruits and vegetables that grew in the wild. Neolithic Revolution Occurred about 10,000 years ago When did it take place? Change from hunters and gatherers to producers of food Agriculture Planting, growing, and harvesting crops. (Farming) Domestication the process of adapting wild animals for human use. Domestic species are raised for food, work, clothing, medicine, and many other uses. Irrigation The process to water crops by bringing in water from pipes, canals, sprinklers, or other man-made means, rather than relying on rainfall. Civilization a complex human society that may have certain characteristics of cultural and technological development Polytheistic a belief in more than one God Surplus Having more than what is needed Mesopotamia Answer List the 2 rivers of Mesopotamia. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers ( What 2 modern countries are the Syria, northern Iraq location of ancient Mesopotamia? What are City-states? City-states were independent and had their own government and were not part of any larger unit Who was Hammurabi? sixth king of the Amorite Dynasty of Old Babylon What did he create / implement in society? Strict Code of Laws Rules and consequences that addressed daily life What is the writing of the Sumerians Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing was called? What is a Ziggurat? Large temples dedicated to the god of the city What type of religion was in Religion in Mesopotamia was polytheistic Mesopotamia? The Sumerians had over 3,000 gods. List 5 inventions from ancient Wagon wheel Mesopotamia Plow Sailboat Geometry 12-month calendar Writing The use of bronze (strong weapons / tools) Number system based on 60 Advanced Mathematics A 60 second minuet A 60 Minuet hour A 7-day week A 12-month year Ancient Egypt What is the direction of the flow of the Nile = world’s longest river Nile River? Flows from south to north How many “kingdoms” were in Ancient By 4000 BCE, Egypt had 2 large kingdoms Egypt? Lower Egypt (in the north) Upper Egypt (in the south List the social classes and the members Social Class within each class. Top = Pharaoh Upper class = nobles, priests Middle class = artisans, scribes, merchants Lower class (majority of Egyptians) = farmers, poor Lowest of the low = slaves What is the Rosetta Stone? A stone containing the same story in 3 languages. Why is it important? The RS was used to backwards translated and decipher Egyptian What 3 languages are inscribed on the stone? hieroglyphs Written in Demotic, hieroglyphic and Greek Who was King Tutankhamen? The Pharo of Egypt. He was named the Boy King because he began his reign when he was only nine years old Who was King Howard Carter? The archaeologist discovered king Tut’s tomb. What are hieroglyphics? Ancient Egyptian picture writing What is mummification? The process of preserving the body for the afterlife. Indus River Valley = IRV What are the main rivers of the IRV? The Ganges River The Indus River Why do we not know a lot of the history We can not understand their written language of the IRV? How many cities were built in the IRV 1000 cities with populations between 30-40,000 and how many people lived in each one? List 3 achievements of the IRV. Urban planners Use of a standard size brick Waste/water removal through sewers What was used for bartering in the IRV? Clay seal with depictions of gods and animals