Lung Physiology PDF

in the blood CO2 and water use what enzyme to convert into H+ and HCO3- Carbonic anhydrase Lactate dehydrogenase Phosphofructokinase Acetylcholinesterase After bicarbonate (HCO3-) is made from carbonic anhydrase where is it always present in the body Blood plasma A...

in the blood CO2 and water use what enzyme to convert into H+ and HCO3- Carbonic anhydrase Lactate dehydrogenase Phosphofructokinase Acetylcholinesterase After bicarbonate (HCO3-) is made from carbonic anhydrase where is it always present in the body Blood plasma Alveoli Interstitial fluid Lymphatic system In cellular respiration glucose and oxygen get turned into what Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP Lactic acid and ethanol Glucose and ATP Nitrogen and hydrogen What enzyme makes Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) turn into H+ and Bicarbonate (HCO3-) Carbonic anhydrase Hemoglobin Myoglobin Alveolar pressure You have a patient in which you believe they are having a pulmonary embolism, you do a V/Q test to see what is being affected and determine the patient is having inadequate perfusion. What would this indicate? High V Low Q High Q Low V The upper parts of the respiratory system are kept open by Cartilage Smooth muscle Alveoli Diaphragm Gasses in the lungs move ____________. there concentration gradient via simple diffusion (a type of passive transport) Down Up Across Against What prevents alveoli from collapsing Surfactant and pressure Atmospheric pressure Bronchial constriction Pleural fluid You have a patient who is breathing normally (can see rise and fall of chest) but they are turning blue only in their right arm and leg. What would you expect to be dysfunctional? Ventelation External respiration Internal respiration Broncholation What is it that causes the sigmoidal curve (s-shape) of the oxygen dissociation curve? Hemoglobin affenity Oxygen diffusion rate Carbon dioxide levels Lung compliance Though it is not is main mode of transport some oxygen and carbon dioxide will go to the lungs from the blood What is the equation for cellular respiration Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen Glucose + Carbon Dioxide → Oxygen + Energy Oxygen + Energy → Glucose + Water What do RBCs transport? Oxygen and Hydrogen ions Carbon dioxide and Oxygen Nitrogen and Oxygen Hydrogen ions and Carbon dioxide What would happen if someone were to only breathe in carbon dioxide, altering the ability for carbon dioxide to diffuse out leaving it in the blood ? The blood pH would decrease The blood pH would increase The blood pH would stay the same The blood pH would be 0 What is the equation for carbon dioxide being transported to the lungs CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3- + H+ CO2 + O2 ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3- + H+ CO2 + NaCl ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3- + H+ CO2 - H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3- + H- What is a natural buffer that is constantly in the blood and the reason why CO2 is able to diffuse out of the body Bicarbonate Hemoglobin Water Hydrogen ions Where does external respiration take place? In the alveoli At the cells In the blood On the red blood cell What enzyme is in the red blood cell that facilitates carbon dioxide and water to turn into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions Carbonic anhydrase Hemoglobin Myeloperoxidase Lactate dehydrogenase What is the pathway of oxygen turning into carbon dioxide and then being blown off by the body Oxygen → Alveoli → Arteries → Tissues → Carbon Dioxide → Veins → Alveoli → Exhalation Oxygen → Tissues → Arteries → Alveoli → Carbon Dioxide → Exhalation Oxygen → Blood → Alveoli → Arteries → Carbon Dioxide → Veins → Tissues → Exhalation Oxygen → Alveoli → Veins → Tissues → Carbon Dioxide → Arteries → Alveoli → Exhalation What would you call the pressure of oxygen in the air Partial pressure of oxygen Atmospheric pressure Ionic pressure Facilitated pressure About what percentage of oxygen do saturated hemoglobins drop off at the cells if you are healthy? 20% 30% 10% 15% In the oxygen dissociation curve if the blood is acidic there can be what is called a right shift which would cause what? Decreased oxygen affinity for hemoglobin in systemic veins Increased oxygen affinity for hemoglobin in systemic veins Decreased oxygen affinity for hemoglobin in systemic arteries Decreased carbon dioxide levels in systemic arteries Which of the following is not a function of the upper respiratory system Gas exchange Movement of air Humidification of air Trap particles in cilia Ventilation is made possible because of the pressure differences made by lifting out our chest by intrapulmonary pressure and intrapleural pressure by tidal volume and residual volume by oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide pressure For inhalation to happen the pressure inside the lungs must become Lower than atmospheric pressure Higher than atmospheric pressure Equal to atmospheric pressure Fluctuating with atmospheric pressure What is the principle that the lungs naturally want to collapse Lung recoil Surface tension Compliance Ventilation-perfusion ratio The pleural space is negative, but if it happens to be the same as atmospheric pressure what happens? Lung collapse (pneumothorax) Increased lung expansion Enhanced gas exchange The lungs explode (popathorax) Which of the following parts of ventilation does not match up with the appropriate alveolar pressure? Beginning of inspiration; equal to atmosphere Mid-inspiration; negative Mid-expiration; positive End of inspiration; negative Which of the following is the maximum possible inhalation and exhalation from a person and shows the strength of the pulmonary function Vital Capacity Tidal Volume Residual Volume Total Lung Capacity Which of the following is beyond the maximum voluntary expiration? Residual volume Functional residual capacity Vital capacity Inspiratory reserve volume In ventilation what is the term for your TV and IRV combined? IC VC TLC FRC In ventilation what is the term for your RV and ERV combined? FRC TLC VC TV Which of the following would not be a reason for a P/Q miss match Pyelonephritis Pulmonary embolism Inflammation of lungs Atelectasis Pleural effusion What is it called when a portion of the lungs alveoli collapse Atelectasis Pneumothorax Pleural effusion Bronchitis Which structure separates the respiratory and digestive pathways in humans? Larynx Esophagus Pharynx Trachea What is the role of intrapleural fluid in the respiratory system? Reduces friction between pleurae Facilitates gas exchange in alveoli Maintains blood pH levels Supports lung expansion by increasing pressure What is the role of intrapleural pressure (Pip) during inspiration? Keeps lungs expanded Increases lung volume Decreases airway resistance Facilitates gas exchange