Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (UCSP) PDF

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (UCSP) LESSON 2: Concepts, Aspects and Changes in Culture and Society Articulation of Cultural Variation, Social Differences, Social Changes and Political Identities Cultural Variations - Refers to the differences in social behaviors that different...

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (UCSP) LESSON 2: Concepts, Aspects and Changes in Culture and Society Articulation of Cultural Variation, Social Differences, Social Changes and Political Identities Cultural Variations - Refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around the world. Types of Cultural Patterns Cultural Universals - Patterns or traits that are found in all cultures. Cultural Generalities - Are those patterns or traits that are found in several, but not all, societies. Cultural Particularities - Is a distinct trait or feature that is confined to a single place, culture, or society TYPES OF CULTURAL VARIATIONS 1. RELIGION - Is a system of beliefs and practices as well as systems of actions directed toward entities which are above man. It is an organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural. Religion in the Philippines The Philippines is a secular country, which means that the government does not prescribe a specific set of activities or laws based on religion. A citizen’s right to choose his/her own religion is protected by the Philippine Constitution. 2. ETHNICITY - Is the expression of the art of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethics or indigenous group. Examples: Filipinos, Anglo-Saxons and Muslims. The Philippines are inhabited by different ethno-linguistic groups converted to Christianity, particularly the lowland-coastal groups, and adopted many foreign elements of culture. Ethno- linguistic groups include the Ivatans, Ilocanos, Pangasinenses, Kapampangans, Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Visayans (Masbatenos, Hiligaynons/ilonggos, Cebuanos, Boholanos, Warays and Surigaonons) Maranaos, Subanons and Zamboanguenos. 3. NATIONALITY - Is the legal relationship that binds a person and a country. It allows the state to protect and have jurisdiction over a person. Can be acquired by an individual from the country where he/she was born (jus soli) or through his parents (jus sanguinis). Citizenship - A person’s legal and political status in a city or state, which means that an individual has been registered with the government in some country. No one will be able to change his nationality, but one can have different citizenships. SOCIAL DIFFERENCES - Differences among the individuals on the basis of social characteristics and qualities. 1. GENDER - It is the meaning (personal traits and social positions) that a society attached to being a male or a female. gender. It is the range of characteristics pertaining to and differentiating between masculinity and femininity. 1|Page FLAYNO Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (UCSP) *Sex – It is the meaning (personal traits and social positions) that a society attached to being a male or a female. gender. It is the range of characteristics pertaining to and differentiating between masculinity and femininity. Gender Roles - Refers to attitudes and behaviors that the society expects a person to exhibit based on his/her sex. Examples: 1. In the traditional Philippine society, women are expected to be plain housewives and take care of the children, while the men are expected to be a professional and provide the needs of his family. 2. Society expect women to be more of emotional and sensitive while men should be strong and capable of doing things that women cannot do. 2. Socio-Economic Status – refers to the category of persons who have more or less the same socio-economic privileges. Modern Socio-economic Classes The National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) divided the population into high-income, middle- income and low-income classes. High-income Class People earning an average of P200,000 a month, or approximately P2.4 million a year Middle –income Class People earning an average of P36,000 per month Consists of professionals and small-scale entrepreneurs Low-income Class People earning less than P10,000 a month Consists of laborers and minimum wage earners 3. EXCEPTIONALITY - A quality or characteristics of a person that makes him or her different from an established norm in the society. - Various physical and mental interference or problems that affect a person and which makes it difficult for him/her to function properly in society. Exceptional People Who differ from societal and community standard of normalcy With learning or behavioral problems and with physical and sensory disabilities. Who are intellectually gifted. The characteristics which makes a person exceptional may have been acquired from birth, through a medical condition or through an accident. 2|Page FLAYNO Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (UCSP) SOCIAL DIFFERENCES -is the transformation of social institutions over time. It is an alteration in the social order of a society. Social change may include changes in nature, institutions, social behaviors or social relations. Characteristics of social change: The process of social change has four major characteristics: 1. Social change happens all the time. 2. Social change is sometimes intentional but is often unplanned. 3. Social change is controversial. 4. Some changes matter more than others. POLITICAL IDENTITIES - Always associated with a group affiliation and describes the ways in which being a member of a particular group might express specific political opinions and attitudes. Edward B. Tylor first coined the word culture. He described culture as “that complex whole, which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society. CHARATERISTICS OF CULTURE 1. Culture is social because it is a product of behavior. 2. Culture varies from society to another. 3. Culture is shared. 4. Culture is learned. 5. Culture is transmitted among members of society. 6. Culture is continuous and cumulative. 7. Culture is gratifying and idealistic. COMPONENTS OF CULTURE 1. Material culture – is composed of the physical or tangible objects produced, shared and utilized within society. Examples: homes, neighborhoods, cities, schools, churches, synagogues, temples, mosques, offices, factories and plants, tools, means of production, goods and products. 3|Page FLAYNO Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (UCSP) 2. Non-material culture – consists of the intangible properties and elements of society that influence the patterns of action and behavior of its members. - refers to the non-physical ideas that people have about their culture, including beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals, language. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE 1. Values - are general and shared perception of what is good, right appropriate and worthwhile and important with regard to modes of conduct as in the case of self-reliance or obedience. Majority of Philippine population is bonded together by common values and traits that are first taught at home and being applied in our day to day lives. Filipinos are known for the following values: (a) compassionate; (b) spirit of kinship and camaraderie; (c) hardwork and industry; (d) ability to survive; (e) faith and religiosity; (f) flexibility, adaptability and creativity; (g) joy and humor; (h) family orientation; (i) hospitality; and (j) pakikipagkapwa-tao. 2. Beliefs - are conceptions that people accept as true about how the world operates and where individuals fit in it. - The perception of accepted reality. 3. Norms - Shared rules of conduct that determine specific behavior members of the society. - these are established expectations of society maybe written or unwritten as to how a person is supposed to act depending on the requirement of the time, place or situation. - All societies have guidelines that govern moral standards and even the most routine aspects of life. Folkways Right vs. Rude Mores Right vs. Wrong (Immoral) Taboos Right vs. Forbidden Laws Right vs. Illegal 4|Page FLAYNO Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (UCSP) 4. Symbols - such as gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words—help people understand that world. They provide clues to understanding experiences by conveying recognizable meanings that are shared by societies. Types of symbols are cultural, social, economic and political. Example: a cross is a significant symbol to Christians. It is not simply two pieces of wood attached to each other, nor is it just an old object of torture and execution. To Christians, it represents the basis of their entire religion, and they have great reverence for the symbol. 5. Language - is a symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. Some languages contain a system of symbols used for written communication, while others rely on only spoken communication and nonverbal actions. References: https://helpfulprofessor.com/symbolic-interaction-examples/ https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/ucsp-module-1-pptpptx/252831791 https://www.scribd.com/presentation/442742581/UCSP-Lesson-2-Understanding-the-concepts-of-culture-society-politics-pptx UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS Grade 11/12 Quarter 1: Week 2 - Module 2 First Edition, 2020 5|Page FLAYNO Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (UCSP) 6|Page FLAYNO Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (UCSP) 7|Page FLAYNO