Lifespan Quiz Answer Key PDF

1. Which of the following were considered early contributors to developmental theory? a. Charles Darwin b. Jean-Paul Sartre c. John Locke d. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 2. According to this chapter, developmental theories allow us to: a. Provide a point of reference to un...

1. Which of the following were considered early contributors to developmental theory? a. Charles Darwin b. Jean-Paul Sartre c. John Locke d. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 2. According to this chapter, developmental theories allow us to: a. Provide a point of reference to understand growth and barriers to progress b. Predict future growth trajectories c. Identify all milestones in cognitive, psychosocial, and physiological development d. Clarify the stages of human development across differing cultures 3. Which of the following are considered primary areas of lifespan development in the social sciences? a. Physiological Development b. Cognitive Development c. Social-Emotional Development d. Psychological Development 4. Socio-political trends impact the developmental process and reflect all, except: a. The influence of society b. The formal laws and policies that impact individuals within their environments c. The political forces and influences that may impact access to or the experience of different elements in society d. The influence of the individual on society 5. Which of the following are noted components of this text? a. A story-focused approach b. Podcasts with professionals in the field c. Interactive demonstration videos d. Critiques of traditional theories 6. Why does understanding humanity’s evolutionary history matter? a. Trauma can be transmitted through our DNA as well as our behavior b. Current social context is informed by the past c. Both A and B d. History does not really matter; current context is the only important consideration 7. Neuroanthropology addresses: a. The brain’s response to a random new group b. How culture and the brain shape each other, which affects caregiving c. Socio-political movements d. The impact of studying ancient cultures 8. Pre- and perinatal psychology research has found that: a. The circumstances of conception matter for health and well-being b. The circumstances of gestation matter for health and well-being c. We are a tabula rasa at birth, and begin responding to and being impacted by our environment and circumstances only once out of the womb d. A and B 9. Developmental theory has become __________ over time. a. More interdisciplinary, inclusive, and holistic b. More siloed c. Less relevant d. Less scientific 10. Among the overarching theories this text uses to situate human development are: a. Relational-Cultural Theory b. Theory of Mind c. Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model d. A and C 11. Seminal theories of lifespan development should be viewed as applicable and appropriate to all human development a. True b. False 12. According to Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, if an adult’s personality is characterized by power struggles and control, they may have unsuccessfully resolved issues arise from the ____ stage of development. a. Phallic b. Oral c. Anal d. Latent 13. Erik Erikson was one of the first developmental theorists to: a. Consider lifespan development through the end of life b. Include biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding development c. A and B d. None of the above 14. A basic tenet of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is: a. Children simply accumulate more knowledge over time b. During development, children use cues in their environment to make sense of their world c. Children experience an expansion of language and the ability to think symbolically during the Sensorimotor stage of development d. All development is characterized by innate drives and impulses 15. According to Bandura, Triadic Causality describes: a. The complex interplay between the individual, their environment, and their behavior b. The complex interplay between thoughts, feelings, and biology c. The cause-effect relationship between person and environment d. The interaction between drives, impulses, and behavior 16. Kohlberg suggests that the primary moral edict for boys and men to achieve is: a. Care  b. Conformity c. Justice d. Wisdom 17. In contrast, Gilligan suggested that the moral construct attained by girls and women is: a. Care b. Conformity c. Justice d. Wisdom 18. According to Attachment Theory, a sense of comfort and fear experienced by young children with their caregivers is characterized by _____________________ attachment. a. Secure b. Ambivalent-Insecure c. Avoidant-Insecure d. Disorganized-Insecure 19. The period of development known as emerging adulthood can be characterized by: a. A time of selfishness and moodiness b. A time of ambiguity about one’s sense of self c. A time for practice, experimentation, and exploration d. A and C e. B and C 20. Levinson’s theory of adult development includes concepts of ____ and __________ to describe movement from one developmental phase to the next. a. Tasks; virtues b. Eras; structures c. Linear stages; transitions d. Stages; seasons 21. What is the term for someone who creates necessary change by collaborating with colleagues, working towards a more just society and world, and elevating the voices of those who have historically been dismissed?  a. Ally b. Advocate c. Activist d. Conscientious objector 22. In Pamela Hays’ ADDRESSING model, the letter “R” strands for what? a. Race b. Religion c. Relationship status d. Responsibilities 23. When someone has the freedom to be indifferent about a topic because it does not impact their life or sense of safety, they are known to have _________ in this area. a. Power b. Advantage c. Subjugation d. Privilege 24. Which of the following is a purpose or practice of Non-Violent Communication (NVC)? a. To increase emotional empathy and perspective-taking of others b. To assess unmet needs and emotional pain of others c. To provide empathy to others even when we cannot feel it for ourselves d. A and B 25. What are the dimensions of ethnic identity development associated with the four identity statuses? a. Searching and acceptance b. Development and accommodation c. Exploration and commitment d. Curiosity and adoption 26. Someone who is deeply immersed in Black culture and has anger toward those who have created and perpetuated systems that denied them access to the historical contributions, talent, and intelligence of Black people is considered to be in which stage of William Cross’s Nigrescence Theory?  a. Pre-encounter b. Encounter c. Immersion-emersion d. Internalization commitment 27. In which stage of Cass’s Sexual Orientation Identity Development model would someone be in if they believed they were “probably gay” but maintained a heterosexual presentation in most public and family relationships? a. Identity Tolerance b. Identity Comparison c. Identity Confusion d. Identity Acceptance 28. Vygotsky’s more knowledgeable other and zones of proximal development emphasize the influence of culture and social influence on ________. a. Language b. Learning c. Peer relationships d. Intelligence 29. Which of Bronfenbrenner’s nested systems is associated with the influence of broader culture on individual development? a. Meso b. Macro c. Exo d. Chrono 30. Which is not true of Monica McGoldrick’s Family Life Cycle? a. It values each member of the family as part of the larger system. b. It espouses that dysfunction arises when transitions are not skillfully prepared for or unexpected transitions trigger problematic coping. c. It utilizes genograms to map out family patterns. d. It prioritizes individualistic achievement within the family. 31. In-utero adverse experiences have no real effect on the developing baby because fetuses cannot feel anything yet, and are just relaxing while they grow inside. a. True  b. False 32. Babies’ temperaments develop as: a. A by-product of maternal genes only b. A by-product of maternal and paternal genes only c. A mix of genetic and epigenetic influences d. A mix of environmental influences 33. Early adverse childhood experiences: a. Have no real impact on infant, toddler, or child development b. Have been linked to medical and mental health disorders across the lifespan c. Have been found to have impacts even transgenerationally d. B and C 34. Buffering support relationships provide: a. Logistical and practical aid, such as food, childcare, and respite b. Emotional support, such as empathy, validation, and normalization of needs c. Challenge that forces people to go through a quantum leap of growth d. A and B 35. Babies who learn to rely on only on themselves during infancy become very confident and emotionally secure children and adults. a. True b. False 36. Toddlers really have no interest in what adults are doing; they aren’t paying attention or copying anyone’s behavior, but instead are fixated on their internal world. a. True b. False 37. Toddlers’ language development a. Typically is slow and steady, without any clear leaps in gains b. Does not always allow them to express their needs or feelings, the frustration of which can erupt into tantrums  c. Requires both practice on their own terms, and emotional supplies from their secure base to scaffold toward more advanced articulation d. B and C 38. Young children commonly: a. Start building tolerance for less-preferred activities so long as their caregiver/helper is patient with them b. Are only able to do what they want to do and cannot understand why they have to keep their bodies safe and clean c. Begin to work more cooperatively and interactively with peers, showing more interest in imaginal and shared play d. A and C 39. Young children: a. Should play only with kids their own age b. Start to recognize socially expected norms for gendered behavior c. Are commonly interested only in their family of origin d. Outgrow imaginal play 40. Young children: a. Tend to like to play with others more than alone b. Can be supported to use some adult tools quite effectively c. Should be treated clinically as an independent entity to protect their privacy d. A and B 41. Freud's original suppositions have been translated accurately and consistently interpreted according to the original text. a. True b. False 42. Freud's id, ego and superego coincide with modern neuroscience's architecture of the triune brain. a. True b. False 43. Disruptions during Freud's oral phase can result in:  a. eating disorders b. substance abuse c. emotional security d. A and B 44. Disruptions during Freud's anal phase can.result in: a. an easy-going temperament b. power and control struggles c. increased imaginal play d. fluid cooperation 45. Reich's theory of character armor: a. is a way to describe the subconscious tension or flaccidity held in the muscles to defend against or avoid threats b. states stress can be resolved fully with just cognitive processing c. has very little to do with how people respond to stress d. describes only defensive people, and not how people generally respond to stress 46. Reich was an activist for: a. state's rights b. the global sexual revolution c. children's rights in caregiving and socialization d. B and C 47. Reich's work is now being developed as: a. art therapy b. music therapy c. somatics d. second wave psychoanalysis 48. Attachment Theory is rooted in: a. Piaget's cognitive theory b. Blatz's security theory c. Suttie's sociological study of parental love d. B and C 49. Insecure attachment can manifest as ______ behavior when the fear system is activated. a. avoidant or ambivalent/resistant b. avoidant, ambivalent/resistant, or disorganized c. ambivalent/resistant, confused, or disorganized d. avoidant or disorganized 50. Secure attachment: a. is the result of having consistent secure base provision b. reduces risks of medical and mental health diagnoses across the lifespan c. cannot be developed across the lifespan with effort if not provided in childhood d. A and B 51. The term ethnic and racial identity refers to which of the following (choose all that apply)? a. The racial and ethnic groups to which we belong b. The color of our skin c. The beliefs we hold relative to the racial and ethnic groups to which we belong d. How beliefs related to racial and ethnic groups are formed across time 52. Which of the following is not true in relation to the impact of religion on children? a. Levels of religious identification tend to be lower for Muslim minority youth when compared to other minority and majority youth. b. Children begin discerning ideological differences between religions from the ages of 8 to 11. c. Exposure to diverse religions through places such as school increases awareness for children in middle childhood. d. Children from minority religions are often educated on other religions as a form of preparation for social situations. 53. The term transgender refers to (choose all that apply): a. individuals who are attracted to the opposite sex b. individuals who are gender non-conforming c. individuals whose felt or identified gender does not align to the gender assigned at birth d. individuals who are gender non-binary 54. Someone in the Discovery of Transexualism or Transgenderism stage of Devor's Transsexual or Transgender Identity Formation model would be: a. having first doubts about the suitability of their originally assigned gender and sex b. learning that transexualism or transgenderism exists c. testing their transsexual or transgender identity using a transsexual or transgender d. reference group waiting for changed circumstances and looking for confirmation of transsexual or transgender identity 55. Which of the following are true of Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory (choose all that apply)? a. It is a model of cognitive development. b. It emphasizes the emphasis of society, culture, and context. c. It is considered a modern theory, having been developed in the last 30 years. d. It is considered an emerging theory. 56. Vygotsky's tools of intellectual adaptation refer ot strategies for problem-solving that are used to promote learning and are grounded in: a. culture b. individual experiences c. developmental stages d. cognitive capacity 57. Which of the following was not a finding associated with social media use in middle childhood and adolescence: a. components of social competence like adaptability, attractiveness, social skills, prosocial behaviors, absence of aggression, and likeability are the same in offline interactions b. popularity and direct friendships online mirror those in offline relationships c. social media benefits included increased self-esteem, perceived social support, safe identity experimentation, and increased opportunities for self-disclosure d. risks of social media include increased social isolation, depression, exposure to triggering or abusive content, and cyberbullying 58. Which of the following poverty-related risk factors puts children at highest risk for behavior and performance issues in middle childhood?  a. "Nonnuclear" family structures b. Experiencing deep poverty c. Multiple life stressors d. The combination of the above 59. Which of the following developmental milestones is not associated with middle childhood and adolescence? a. Developing early morality as a result of wanting to please their parents and others of importance b. Developing a stronger sense of right and wrong and a heightened ability for complex thinking c. Developing deeper and more complex peer relationships, particularly with those of the same sex d. Demonstrating increased attention span and perspective-taking ability 60. Which cultural or contextual factor did Dr. Reicherzer not speak to as part of her transgender. transitioning experience and development story? a. living in South Texas b. being born in the 1970s c. lacking parental support d. seeking support in an underground culture 61. Which stage of Piaget's Cognitive Development model is most closely associated with the years of middle childhood? a. Concrete Operational b. Preoperational c. Formal Operational d. Sensorimotor 62. What si the term for the cognitive milestone that occurs when children recognize that changing the form of a substance or object does not change its amount, overall volume, or mass? a. Interchangeability b. Conservation c. Equilibration d. Uniformity 63. Which of the following were critiques of Piaget's cognitive development theory outlined in the chapter (choose all that apply)? a. Overgeneralization b. Universality c. Complexity d. Oversimplification 64. How many stages are in Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development? a. 8 b. 4 c. 6 d. 10 65. Which of Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development is associated with adolescence? a. Basic Trust vs. Mistrust b. Ego Integrity vs. Despair c. Initiative vs. Guilt d. Identity vs. Role Confusion 66. Which of the following are true of Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development (choose all that apply)? a. It was the first developmental theory to cover the entire lifespan. b. It asserts that you have to successfully master the developmental task of each stage in order to progress to the next stage. c. It is grounded in the epigenetic principle that our personalities develop through predeter-mined stages and are impacted by our environment and surroundings. d. It asserts that the critical developmental period for psychosocial development is tied to the adolescent years. 67. The psychosocial strength associated with accomplishing the developmental task of industry vs. inferiority in middle childhood is: a. Will b. wisdom c. purpose d. competence 68. Which of the following was not a critique of Erikson's Psychosocial Stage of Development outlined in the chapter? a. Overgeneralization b. Androcentric bias c. Overemphasis on later life d. Methodological concerns 69. In the updated research in this chapter, which of the following were discussed as having an impact on identity development (choose all that apply)? a. Parental marital status b. Early childhood attachment c. Intersectionality d. Culture 70. In the podcast Dr. Stacee Reicherzer reflected on her experience as a trans woman and how the Eriksonian model of psychosocial development did not fit for her as an emerging adult. She also noted it did not take into account other populations, listing al except: a. those who opt to be single b. those who are gay c. those who are polyamorous d. those with cultural practices for marriage selection 71. Youth’s with body dissatisfaction will have disordered eating. a. True b. False 72. An adolescent exhibits behaviors of eating large amounts of food uncontrollably and then compensating this large intake to prevent weight gain. What eating disorder may they struggle with? a. Anorexia Nervosa b. Pica c. Binge Eating Disorder d. Bulimia Nervosa 73. What is the divorce penalty? a. The negative link between children’s health and divorce  b. The negative association between divorce and children’s emotional attachment c. The judgment a family receives from society post-divorce d. When a child is neglected from their parents after a divorce 74. Children’s attachment styles never change after witnessing a divorce. a. True b. False 75. Which of the following is an example of negative peer influence? a. Substance abuse b. Reckless driving c. Skipping classes d. All Of The Above 76. Role-playing with a teenager is a helpful way to teach them about different peer pressure situations and help teach to learn to say “no” to bad pressure. a. True b. False 77. Adolescents and emerging adults have a negative body image that can lead to eating disorders. a. True b. False 78. Friendships in early adolescents are important and help with development. a. True b. False’ 79. What stress hormone is associated with changing a baby's cognitive and personality development in utero? a. Norepinephrine b. Adrenaline c. Cortisol d. Vasopressin 80. Laura Pritschet, put herself in an MRI machine 26 times to study the human brain during pregnancy. What were her findings? a. Gray matter decreased, proving why women are emotional and “scatterbrained” during and after pregnancy. b. Gray matter decreased, and white matter increased, proving that the adult mind has more plasticity than previously believed. c. White matter increased, proving women are preparing to breastfeed after birth. d. Gray matter increased, and white matter decreased, proving that the human body deteriorates during pregnancy.