The Global Divides: The North and South PDF

THE GLOBAL DIVIDES: THE NORTH AND SOUTH Daniella D. Araño  The world has been divided in different ways. Because of historical factors, countries have been categorized as first world, second world and third world. In recent times, nation states have been identified either as the G...

THE GLOBAL DIVIDES: THE NORTH AND SOUTH Daniella D. Araño  The world has been divided in different ways. Because of historical factors, countries have been categorized as first world, second world and third world. In recent times, nation states have been identified either as the Global North or Global South. Most often they are “First World” are countries which are aligned with the United States adhering to capitalism as their economic and political  “Second World” are countries aligned with the now-defunct Soviet Union adhering to the principles of communism With the end of the cold war, the term second world was not “Third World” (and generally non-aligned poor) nations. People use the term “third world” to refer to poor nations in general, but many people COLD WAR term used to describe the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies after World War II. It is centered on major political and economic propaganda and not COLD WAR George Owell (1945) , an English writer first used this term to refer to what he predicted would be a nuclear stalemate between “two or three monstrous super-states, each possessed of a weapon by which millions of people can be wiped out in a few seconds.” The Global North are developed European, North American, Australian societies. It also includes Among South ofAfrica the characteristics countries and Israel belonging to the global north are: (Odeh, 2010)democracy established Wealth technological advancement political stability aging population zero population growth dominance of world trade and politics The Global north is most often associated with first world countries where powerful countries like the Group of Eight (G8) –Germany, Canada, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Russia, Japan and Global South are societies with agrarian economies like Africa, India, China, Latin America and others which do not have stable economy and politics compared to the global North. These countries experience turmoil, war, conflict, poverty, anarchy and Third world countries are now termed as the Global tyranny South. (Odeh, 2010). The Brandt line as shown below was proposed by Willy Brandt in 1980. It is an imaginary line dividing the world into two regions based on their GDP per capita.  ASIAN REGIONALISM  Differentiate regionalization from globalization; and discuss the reasons of regionalism.  What are the factors that lead to a greater integration of Asian regions? Give examples for each.  How do Asian states confront the contemporary challenges of globalization, regionalization, and pandemic. Governments, associations, societies and groups form regional organizations and/or networks as a way of coping with the challenges of globalization. Globalization has made people aware of the world in general, but it has also made Filipinos more cognizant of specific areas such as  Regionalism is often seen as a political and economic phenomenon, the term actually encompasses a broader area. It can be examined in relation to identities, ethics, religion, ecological sustainability and  Regionalism It is also a process, and must be treated as an “emergent, socially constituted phenomenon”. It means that regions are not natural or given; rathe, they are constructed and defined by policymakers, economic actors, and even social movements.  COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND GLOBALIZATION Regions “are group of countries located in the same geographically specified area” or are “an amalgamation of two regions or a combination of more than two regions” organized to regulate and “oversee flows and policy choices. Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V. Milner  Regions The words regionalization and regionalism should not be interchanged, as the former refers to the “regional concentration of economic flows” while the latter is “a political process characterized by economic policy cooperation and coordination among countries. Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V. Milner  Countries They respond economically and politically to globalization in various ways. Some are large enough and have a lot of resources to dictate how they participate in processes of global integration. Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V. Milner  Countries form regional associations for several reason. One is for military defense. The most widely known defense grouping is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed during the Cold War, when several Western European countries plus the US agreed to protect Europe against the The Soviet Union responded by creating its regional alliance, the Warsaw Pact, consisting of the Eastern European countries under Soviet domination. The Soviet Union imploded in December  Countries also form regional organizations to pool their resources, get better returns for their exports, as well as expand their leverage against trading partners. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was established in 1960 by Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela to regulate the production and sale of oil. In a world of highly dependent on oil, this integration become a source of immense power.  The Globalization of Religion Religion Globalism Religion