Lesson 2 Philosophizing PDF

 METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING ANSWER THIS… Which of the following statement is TRUE? 1. The sun is the center of the solar system. 2. Asia is the largest continent in the world. 3. Man has the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 4. China’s continued presence in the Spratlys...

 METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING ANSWER THIS… Which of the following statement is TRUE? 1. The sun is the center of the solar system. 2. Asia is the largest continent in the world. 3. Man has the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 4. China’s continued presence in the Spratlys is a violation of international law. 5. Citizens have the right to take up arms and overthrown an oppressive government. 6. The President has done very little to uphold democracy and look after the interest of the Filipino people. THINK ON THIS… 1. Were you able to easily judge the truthfulness of the statements? Why? 2. Which of the statements are obviously TRUE? Which one requires more thought to determine their truthfulness? 3. Which of these statements may be true for others but not true in your judgement? 4. Which of these statements do you personally believe to be true but may disputed by other people?  INTRODUCTION - Philosophy is the Science of Everything. - Scientia is the Greek term for Science which means Knowledge. - Knowledge must be TRUTHFUL. - If, a Knowledge is TRUTHFUL, it is valid and acceptable by all.  EXAMPLE -When we answer a “True or False” test, we judge if the statements we read are true or false. -This means, statements may have truth or may not have truth. -Statements about the world or reality are called PROPOSITIONS.  PROPOSITIONS -These are statements about the world or reality that may or may not carry truth. -These are also usually stated as short statements or sentences. PARTS OF PROPOSITION  PREMISE -These are statements or proposition from which another is inferred or where a conclusion drawn. CONCLUSION -These are statements or proposition that arrives from the premise statement. THE QUADRANT OF TRUTHNESS PREMISE PREMISE TRUE FALSE CONCLUSION TRUE TRUE FALSE CONCLUSION FALSE FALSE FALSE  NOTE: -In order to determine if the statement or premise is TRUE; -The premise should be TRUE, and the conclusion must also be TRUE. TRY THIS… -Identify the parts of proposition in each item. Evaluate the truthness of each part and determine the truthness of the entire statement. 1. The Universe is revolving around the Sun because, we can see it. 2. The sea is blue brought by the reflection of the sky. 3. Alex is hungry thus, he ate a lot of food. What is TRUTH?  TRUTH - For some Philosophers, TRUTH is considered as a kind of quality or value. - Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of something. - Knowledge is the product of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts. - Knowledge is comprised of ideas and beliefs that we know to be true. TRY THIS… Complete the following statements: I know that … I know why … I know how... Example: “I know that fish live in water” because fish “do” “live” in water. Conclusion… These statements corresponds to one important aspect of knowledge… What do you think it is? … that it is based on reality. This simply means that what we know is what is observable or evident in the real world. Propositions or statements which are observed to be real or truthful are considered FACTS. Conclusion… However, there are some statements that are not evidently or immediately known to be true…. Example: “I know that my school is the best school in the city.” This statement is a CLAIM.  CLAIM A statement or proposition that requires further examination or explanation to established whether it is true or false. Sometimes, the value of its truthness may or may not contested by other people.  EXPLANATION These are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why the statement is true. ARGUMENTS These are series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful. EVALUATE… Identify the following proposition whether they are FACTS, EXPLANATION, or ARGUMENT. 1. The Philippine Area of Responsibility is stretched from the coastal land up to 200 nautical miles under its Exclusive Economic Zone. 2. Filipinos should rejoice that the UN Tribunal has upheld their rights to the islands and waters of the Pag-asa Island. 3. Pag-asa Island belongs to the Philippines due to the UN Tribunal ruling giving its sovereign rights to the country.