Evolution of Media in the Philippines PDF

Media and Information Literacy Evolution of Traditional Media to New Media Q3 - Lesson 2  Lesson Objectives: 1. Identify the growth and development of media from traditional to new media; 2. Recognize media effects to life and society; and 3. Exa...

Media and Information Literacy Evolution of Traditional Media to New Media Q3 - Lesson 2  Lesson Objectives: 1. Identify the growth and development of media from traditional to new media; 2. Recognize media effects to life and society; and 3. Examine how technologies/resources shape people and society.  Something to THINK ABOUT! What famous event happened on April 14, 1912? If the Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean, how did the news reach the people in England and New York at that time? If the Titanic sank today, in what format will people received or read the news? Evolution of Traditional Media  Prehistoric Age (1500 BC – 1500 AD) The Prehistoric refers to the time before the existence of written or recorded history. According to archeologist, the Prehistoric Age occurred some 4.5 million years ago or approximately 30, 000 years ago. It also known as Stone Age and the Metal Age. They are called such because of the kind of tools that the prehistoric people used during those times. The tools were relatively crude, archeologist believe that a system of writing had not yet existed during this era. The prehistoric men learned how to sharpen their tools and use them for hunting, they also acquired the knowledge on how to use these materials in carving stones. Eventually, this paved the way for them to create a system of writing, which marked the start of the historic period.  Prehistoric Age (1500 BC – 1500 AD) The Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC), the early writing tablet recording, 3100-3000 B.C.E., another notable invention was the Printing press using wood blocks (220 AD), originated in China, it is technique or printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia.  Prehistoric Art as the Earliest Form of Traditional Media During the Stone Age, prehistoric people also used these crude stone tools to create objects, which are now considered rock art. There is no concrete system of writing during the Prehistoric Age, so people communicated their way of life, beliefs, and other practices through music and dance.  Prehistoric Art as the Earliest Form of Traditional Media The two kinds of rock art during the Stone Age are petroglyphs and pictographs. Petroglyphs can be carving or engravings in rocks or Pictographs represent words or phrases through caves. symbols. Used to refer to sketches or paintings that usually depict nature, early people’s way of life.  Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) The Industrial Age began in the 18th century in Great Britain when the country made drastic reforms to improve their economy. Technology shifted from using hand tools to operating power-driven machines. Most people associated factories and machines to industries. Printing Press for Mass Production (19th Century)  Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) Selling of goods boosted during the Industrial Age. The concept of mass production or manufacturing of goods in large quantities was introduced, increasing the demand for bigger and better machines. Special machines were fabricated to meet the specific needs of different factories. The Industrial Age has improved the people’s way of living as new inventions such as steamboats and steam locomotives, made transportation faster. However, some business owners during this era focused only on earning profit so they took advantage of the poor economic condition of the working class. When the steam press was invented, the printing of materials like newspapers became much faster, cheaper and easier.  Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) Before this development, publishers used to receive financial support from political parties and rich patrons so that the latter can be features in the newspaper. When printing cost marked down, publishers started to print articles for the common interest of the public. The earlier injustices experienced by the laborers were also published in the newspaper. Communication during the Industrial Age also became viable because of the invention of the telegraph. A mechanical typewriter used for writing characters was also invented around 1800.  Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) The TELEGRAPH Invented by Samuel F.B. Morse Mechanical Typewriter invented by Christopher Latham Sholes  Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) Electronic refers to an object that has electronic components, such as sensors, microchips, which functions once it is connected to an electronic outlet. The Industrial Age and Electronic Age are quite similar – they thrived in the manufacturing industries, the are only different because of the equipment used. Example Transportation and Communication.  Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) The television began its popularity in the 1940s. It was a novel item that everyone wanted to have. It opened the doors for a variety of new experiences for all Americans. By early 1954, Transistor Radio was introduced by Texas instruments (TI) had perfected production to the point that transistors became cheap enough for use in consumer items.  Information (Digital) Age (1900s – 2000s) The Information Age has upgraded what it can offer to consumers in terms of gadgets and devices that can make their way of life not only functional and comfortable, but also offer endless possibilities. This is the period of computers, laptops, smartphones and social media.  Information (Digital) Age (1900s – 2000s) Digital Age or Informational Age is a period in human history characterized by the shift from traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through industrialization, to an economy based on information computerization. The internet paved the way advanced the used of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, devices wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image, sounds, and data are digitalized. Relationship between Traditional Media and New Media In the present time, new media is undeniably very useful, but this does not mean that traditional media has already become obsolete. Traditional media is still valuable and influential because it has a wider reach and market. Examples the people whole live in remote areas and people opted to traditional media. The choice of media is based one’s needs, interests, and lifestyle as both traditional media and new media can carry out their purpose of keeping the people informed and helping everyone to stay connected.  Traditional Media and New Media Traditional Media New Media ✓ It is one-directional. ✓ The audiences are more involved. ✓ The media experience is limited. ✓ They can feedback ✓ The sense of receptors used are simultaneously. very specific (i.e., print media requires sense of sight, radio ✓ Integrates all the aspects of the requires sense of hearing, and traditional media. television and film requires both). ✓ Media experience is more interactive.  Four Main Categories of New Media (According to McQuail) 1. Interpersonal communication media. Examples would be the telephone, and e-mail where’’ content is private and perishable, and the relationship established and reinforced may be more important than the information conveyed.’’ 2. Interactive play media. Video and computer-based games, plus virtual reality devise compose this category.  Four Main Categories of New Media (According to McQuail) 3. Information search media. The Internet and the World Wide Web become repositories or sources of a vast collection of information that can be accessed real-time despite geographical location. Broadcast teletext and radio data services are also examples. Information retrieval is no longer limited to personal computers because this functionality has been extended to smart phones and tablets. Other means of information storage and retrieval include the personal video recorder, CD-ROM, compact disc, and DVD. 4. Collective participatory media. This refers to the to the use of the Internet for ‘’sharing and exchanging information, ideas, and experiences and developing active (computer-mediated) personal relationships active (McQuail, 2010), blogs, wikis, tagging and social bookmarking, music-photo-video sharing, mashups, podcasts, participatory video projects and videoblogs.  Normative Theories of the Press 1. Authoritarian Theory – it describes that all forms of communications are under the control of the governing elite or authorities or influential bureaucrats. Authoritarians are necessary to control the media to protect and prevent the people from the national threats through any form communication. The press is an instrument to enhance the ruler’s power in the country rather than any threats. 2. Marxist Theory – focuses on how the ruling class, which owns and controls the media, exploits the working-class by spreading manipulated information to normalize inequality. Influential and powerful institutions have a great deal of control over what the masses are exposed to.  Normative Theories of the Press 3. Soviet Media Theory – it describes that all forms of communications are under the control of the governing elite or authorities or influential bureaucrats. During this time, the Soviet Press's main objective was to disseminate party ideology to the lower classes, but it also intended to act as the watchdog to protect the people from increasing corruption, and as the emissary from the people to the party regime. 4. Libertarian Theory – Sees people are more enough to find and judge good ideas from bad. The theory says people are rational and their rational thoughts lead them to find out what are good and bad. The press should not restrict anything even a negative content may give knowledge and can make better decision while in worst situation. The libertarian thoughts are exactly against or opposite to the authoritarian theory which means the authoritarian theory.  Normative Theories of the Press 5. Social Responsibility Theory – Allows free press without any censorship but at the same time the content of the press should be discussed in public panel and media should accept any obligation from public interference or professional self-regulations or both. The theory lies between both authoritarian theory and libertarian theory because it gives total media freedom in one hand but the external controls in other hand.  Roles and Functions of Media in a Democratic Society During the Colonial Period, people had been restricted to express their ideas and fight for their rights. Democratic comes from the Greek words (“demo” means people and “kratos” means rule) which means rule of the people. In democratic society, the welfare of the public is important, and their rights are protected by the government. In a democratic society, the media’s role is very crucial as it becomes a reliable source of information. People in democratic society also use different media platforms to express their opinion on social issues. With the massive each of media, it can greatly influence people’s views and actions.  Roles and Functions of Media in a Democratic Society Media, whether traditional or new, has a role to play in the proper functioning of a democratic society such as the Philippines. For a democratic society to function in an ideal way, media and communication must fulfill its mandate. According to McNair, communication and media function to: a. Inform citizens of what is happening around them (also called the monitoring function); b. Educate the audience as to the meaning and significance of the “facts”; c. Provide a platform for public political discourse, facilitating the formation of “public opinion” and feeding that opinion back to the public from whence it came, the provision of space for the expression of dissent; d. Give publicity to government and political institutions, (known as the “watchdog” role of journalism); e. Serve as a channel for the advocacy of political viewpoints.  Philippine Internet Timeline On March 29, 1994, the free and open Web first opened its doors to Filipinos. To celebrate Philippine Internet's 20th year, we've put together a timeline leading up to the day that would forever change how we communicate, consume media, do commerce, and access information— essentially, how we live our lives. August 1986: The first Philippine-based, public-access BBS [bulletin board system], First-Fil RBBS went online with an annual subscription fee of P1,000. A precursor to the local online forum, it ran an open- source BBS software on an IBM XT Clone PC with a 1200bps modem and was operated by Dan Angeles and Ed Castañeda.  Philippine Internet Timeline 1987: The Philippine FidoNet Exchange, a local network for communication between several BBSes in Metro Manila, was formed. 1990: A committee helmed by Arnie del Rosario of the Ateneo Computer Technology Center was tasked with exploring the possibility of creating an academic network comprised of universities and government institutions by the National Computer Center under Dr. William Torres. Recommendations were made but not implemented.  Philippine Internet Timeline 1991-1993: Emergence of email gateways and services in the Philippines, including some from multinational companies like Intel, Motorola, and Texas Instruments, which used a direct Internet connection, X.25, or UCCP protocol. Local firms ETPI, Philcom, and PLDT also operated commercial X.25 networks. June 1993: With the support of the Department of Science and Technology and the Industrial Research Foundation, the Philnet project (now PHNET) was born. The Philnet technical committee, composed of computer buffs working at the DOST and representatives from the Ateneo de Manila University (Richie Lozada and Arnie del Rosario), De La Salle University (Kelsey Hartigan-Go), University of the Philippines Diliman (Rodel Atanacio and Rommel Feria), and University of the Philippines Los Baños, would eventually play a significant role in connecting the Philippines to the World Wide Web.  Philippine Internet Timeline July 1993: Phase one of the Philnet project shifted into full gear after receiving funding from the DOST. It proved to be successful, as students from partner universities were able to send emails to the Internet by routing them through Philnet's gateway at the Ateneo, which was connected to another gateway at the Victoria University of Technology in Australia. November 1993: An additional P12.5-million grant for the first year's running cost was awarded by the DOST to buy equipment and lease communication lines needed to kickstart the second phase of Philnet, now led by Dr. Rudy Villarica.  Philippine Internet Timeline March 29, 1994, 1:15 a.m.: Benjie Tan, who was working for ComNet, a company that supplied Cisco routers to the Philnet project, established the Philippine's first connection to the Internet at a PLDT network center in Makati City. Shortly thereafter, he posted a short message to the Usenet newsgroup soc.culture.filipino to alert Filipinos overseas that a link had been made. His message read:  The Evolution of Media in the Philippines 1500 – Pre-colonial: Baybayin or Alibata (referred to in Unicode as the Tagalog content) is a pre-Hispanic Philippine composition framework that started from the Javanese content Old Kawi. It kept on being used amid the Spanish colonization of the Philippines up until the late nineteenth Century. The term baybayin actually implies spelling. 1800 - Print Industry and Filipino Freedom: Philippines was acquainted with books, magazines, and daily papers like "La Solidaridad" by the Spaniards who colonized the Philippines for around 333 years. American colonialization left a blemish on the press and molded its style: a flourid lingua, a nonpartisan state of mind, matched with the commitment of obstinate and prevalent writers.  The Evolution of Media in the Philippines 1890 – Broadcast Industry: The first telephone system of the country began its operations, and the whole archipelago enjoyed this system of information and communication exchange. 1897 – European Film Import: The cinematography film camera and projector developed by the Lumpier siblings got through the Spanish fighter named Carlo Naquera. Naquera demonstrated a few Spanish-dialect movies to choose gatherings of people in 1987. 1922 - During this time, the Filipinos readily accepted radio news and entertainment programs, and local businessmen, who recognized its profitability, established their own radio stations to advertise their products and services. A couple of 50-watt radio stations were established in Pasay and in Manila by Henry Hermann.  The Evolution of Media in the Philippines 1980 – Electronic Age: Broadcast or storage media that exploits electronic innovation. They may incorporate TV, radio, Web, fax, Disc ROMs, DVD, and some other medium that requires power or computerized encoding of data. The term 'electronic media' is regularly utilized as a part of appearing differently in relation to print media. 1994 – Local Online Media: Benjie Tan, who was working for ComNet, an organization that provided Cisco switches to the Philnet venture, set up Philippine's first association with the Web at a PLDT arrange focus in Makati City. 2011 - Philippines was named as the “Social Media Capital of the World“.  Q3: Activity 3 Answer the question in not less than two (2) paragraphs. In your opinion, would traditional media, such as newspapers, post mails and magazines, become obsolete in the future? Why and why not?