Lesson 1.1 Management and Its Functions PDF

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This document is a study guide on Management and its functions. It covers topics such as defining management, effectiveness and efficiency, and the different functions of management, including planning, organizing, staffiing, leading, and controlling. The study guide also includes a short response essay section with real-world examples.

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Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management Lesson 1.1 Management and Its Functions Contents Introduction 1 Learning Objectives 2 Let’s Connect...

Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management Lesson 1.1 Management and Its Functions Contents Introduction 1 Learning Objectives 2 Let’s Connect 2 Discover 4 Defining Management 4 Managers as Bridge between the Company and Employees 4 Managers as Decision-Makers 5 Managers as Motivators and Role Models 5 Effectiveness and E ciency 6 Effectiveness 6 E ciency 6 Functions of Management 7 Planning 7 Organizing 8 Sta ng 8 Leading 9 Controlling 10 Wrap-Up 11 Try This! 12 Challenge Yourself 13 Bibliography 15 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management Lesson 1.1 Management and Its Functions Introduction Every time we visit different establishments such as malls and restaurants, we always see a manager who supervises the employees inside the establishment. We see them on the floor doing checks and making sure everything is in place, and they are the ones we look for when we have suggestions or complaints At any moment, when a customer asks, “Where is the manager?” or demands to talk to one, managers always make it a point to address his or her concerns. However, is this really what managers do? 1.1. Management and Its Functions 1 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management Managers need to ensure the multifaceted welfare of the unit assigned to them. They are the link between a company and its consumers. We can also presume that they are the face of the company, given that they know each aspect of the unit or office entrusted to them. They also have the responsibility to motivate and raise the morale of their subordinates. In this lesson, you will explore who a manager really is and give a definition of the word management in connection to the following functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. Learning Objectives DepEd Learning Competency At the end of this lesson, you should be able to At the end of this lesson, you should be able to discuss the meaning and functions of do the following: management (ABM_AOM11-Ia-b-1). Define the meaning of management. Explain the five core principles of management (planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling) and its functions. Let’s Connect Observing Managers 10 minutes Different establishments such as restaurants, fast-food chains, shopping outlets, or gadget kiosks always employ a manager in each of their branches or stores. You may have already experienced conversing with a manager or observing him or her perform his or her duties, may it be as you order at the counter or as you enjoy your food at the dining table or pay 1.1. Management and Its Functions 2 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management for your shopped items at the cashier booth. Recall any experience you have had with a manager. It may be while you were in a commercial establishment, eating at a food stall, watching a movie, shopping for some food items at the grocery, or doing just about any activity. Answer the guide questions below. Your teacher may ask representatives to share their experiences in front of the class. Guide Questions 1. What was your experience with a manager? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. From this experience, what are your impressions of a manager? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. By talking to the manager, what insights can you infer on how the manager takes care and leads the team? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.1. Management and Its Functions 3 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management Discover We have varying understanding and identification of who and what a manager is. We might have seen portrayals of managers in films direct people to their jobs, answer customer complaints and suggestions, and supervise the firm for quality assurance. A manager is a decision-maker and plays a critical role in the mechanism of a business enterprise or company. How does an ideal manager manage a team? Defining Management Management can be defined in many ways. Different management authors and practitioners define management as a science, a discipline, an art, or an occupation, whereas some regard management or being a manager as a vocation. Management is getting work done through others. It is the discipline of having all the members of the business realize the company’s goals and objectives. It is in good management that you allow yourself to get the work done through your subordinates. It is the skill of carefully playing the pieces right, being meticulous on how to do the steps correctly toward realizing the goal. Those who are employed to do management work are called managers. They serve as a bridge of the company to the employees, decide on crucial matters, and motivate employees, and serve as role models to them. Managers as Bridge between the Company and Employees Imagine large businesses that are successful enough to open different branches or offer a completely new product line. This means that they have the capability to employ larger 1.1. Management and Its Functions 4 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management groups of people, answering the need for a lot more hands to work on their product or service. Given this scenario, it would be impossible that the head or chief executive directly relays and receives employee queries and directives alike. This is where managers come in. Managers connect the employees to employers on a large scale. They are the ones who bring up the concerns of every individual or subordinate under their department or team. In turn, they are the ones who relay the directives and pointers of chief executives and top management officials to their subordinates. Managers as Decision-Makers Managers are critical not only because they are the bridge of the management to its subordinates but more importantly, they see the company from the top-level perspective and the perspective of every employee. Therefore, they handle the crucial decision-making process in a company. Questions and decisions such as, “Should these numbers be reported?”, “Did we hit this month’s target?”, and “Is my unit performing well?” should be directly answered by managers. They should know how to answer such questions and make such decisions because it is their responsibility to understand and connect the company and its employees to achieve the company’s goals and objectives. Managers as Motivators and Role Models Managers are assigned to teams and departments with particular roles and objectives to achieve a company’s goal. They are motivators because it is one of their duties to ensure that subordinates maintain enthusiasm in their work and are performing well. A good way to motivate employees is for managers to model the desired behavior to their subordinates. It is also a critical job for a manager to ensure that they reflect a positive attitude and image to boost the morale of the team. 1.1. Management and Its Functions 5 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management In smaller businesses, however, there is a possibility that the owner or head of the business is also the manager. This may vary depending on the company size or the number of employees. Effectiveness and Efficiency All of the aforementioned tasks or skills of a manager are an introduction to what is really in store for them. Two of the most important characteristics all managers across the firm should possess are effectiveness and efficiency. Effectiveness Effectiveness is executing and accomplishing the right thing. Simply, it is doing the right thing. It is staying aligned with the tasks assigned to you and accomplishing them with high standards. Suppose you are assigned as a manager for the marketing department. It is your responsibility to ensure that all the processes inside your department are related to the needs of the department assigned to you. It is also your responsibility to ensure that you are not stepping outside the tasks you are assigned to. For example, you just do the marketing tasks. Coinciding or meddling with the tasks of other departments may be ineffective especially if it goes out the boundary of your department. Efficiency Efficiency is ensuring that maximum output is produced given the minimum amount of input. Simply, it is doing things right. It is ensuring to not only lower the cost to accomplish the task but also guaranteeing that all assets entrusted to you are used and utilized to their fullest potential. Suppose again that you are still the manager of the marketing department. Efficiency 1.1. Management and Its Functions 6 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management suggests not to be cheap by purchasing lower-cost items that may depreciate faster but ensuring that all the assets entrusted to your care will be used to their fullest potential. For example, you needed printers for the company. It may be efficient to settle for entry-level printers that cost less but still perform the same job decently. However, you should also consider buying high-end printers that may cost more initially but would last longer in terms of their usage. Check Your Progress Do managers need to have both effectiveness and efficiency? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Functions of Management As you go through the process of deeply understanding what a manager really is, it is important to understand that managers have different tasks to fulfill. A manager’s functions are vast; therefore, they are grouped into five categories: planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling. Planning All management processes always start with planning. From the management perspective, the manager's function of planning is where certain decision-making processes are made and all tasks are set to be accomplished, laid down, and discussed. During planning, managers look at different possible scenarios and plan on them as necessary. Although planning is looking forward to positive results, one special type of plan, known as the contingency plan, is also laid out. At this phase, they not only set targets, 1.1. Management and Its Functions 7 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management goals, and objectives, but they also set the scope, limitations, and extent as to how far the company wants to achieve. Planning is usually done at the start of any task or venture. Nevertheless, it is a continuous process. It ends, but it does not stop. When one plan is realized, another one is prepared. Organizing After planning, organizing follows. In this step, the manager determines how the identified targets will be achieved. From the management perspective, the organizing function targets how the organization is formed. Managers organize their own units or departments. They also formulate policies, identify and assign tasks, allocate resources, and coordinate work activities. Organizing also highlights the formation of the company’s chain of command or organizational structure. The organizational structure highlights the reporting cycle of the company. It addresses and clarifies questions of management hierarchy such as: Who reports to whom? Who is above me with regard to the position? and Who is below me with regard to the position?” It also involves the designing of the organizational structure and the selecting of different rules and regulations based on the planning done beforehand. Staffing Sometimes identified as a function under organizing, staffing is concerned with the selection, hiring, and training processes. This is a result of careful consideration in the planning phase on the size of the employee requirements of the company. After posting hiring advertisements, prospective employees or applicants undergo the selection, hiring, and training processes. The selection process is a set of examinations, interviews, and other selection techniques of a company that narrows down the selection list of candidates 1.1. Management and Its Functions 8 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management depending on the vacancies that need to be filled in the organizational structure. The hiring process comes right after the selection process where successful applicants are offered jobs in the form of contracts or similar documents. These list the offered salary and company benefits. This is also where the applicant is given the opportunity to accept, reject, or negotiate the offer. Training and development is the process of enhancing the competencies of employees to continuously learn and progress in the company’s ladder. Remember that a favorable firm ensures that each employee under it should be provided with growth opportunities and conducive work environments. Staffing does not end at hiring the right employees and providing training to enhance their skills. As employers or managers, they are also responsible for ensuring that employees are motivated, may it be in the form of incentives or simple praise. Leading Leading is the most obvious and eminent managerial function. This is the function of managers that is observable even beyond the company or subordinates entrusted to their care. This is where a manager leads the unit not only by giving directions and setting rules and standards but also by example. Leadership styles vary from one person to another. One may be very strict but still caring, or a little lenient but still authoritative. Hence, when providing leadership, motivation is key. In line with this, the leading function of management also challenges managers to motivate employees. This may be in the form of incentives, praise, recognition, and other similar practices that may lead to a positive work outlook. 1.1. Management and Its Functions 9 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management Check Your Progress How important are leadership and motivation in management? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Controlling Controlling does not necessarily mean that managers should control the actions of their subordinates. It is more of being a mediator when problems arise. Managers should be able to answer different contingency matters as they control their unit or department toward fulfilling its goals and objectives. Moreover, controlling also challenges managers to connect to their subordinates to a level in which they can predict certain outcomes such as responses when given tasks or responsibilities and the like. For example, have you ever been to a restaurant and had some problems while you were dining? Was there something wrong with your food and how it was served to you? It is actually the controlling function that was executed when the manager responded to you. The controlling function deals with how a manager controls the firm for it to serve orders and do well with its processes. In a nutshell, being a manager challenges an individual to inspire and influence his or her subordinates to become more goal-directed. Through this, organizational goals will be achieved. 1.1. Management and Its Functions 10 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management In Philippine Context The nature and concept of managerial functions can be very challenging. However, if done correctly, one can be rewarded. Some of the most successful managers are entrepreneurs who were able to manage their businesses. For example, Socorro Ramos, one of the most successful Filipino women entrepreneurs, has been an exemplary Filipino leader and manager in the book publishing and school supplies business. Under her managerial skills and leadership, she was able to build one of the biggest bookstore chains with branches all over the country. She was also able to expand her business to a printing company and educational institution. Wrap-Up _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Management is getting work done through others. Management requires skillful and competent managers who: ○ bridge the head (executives) to the body (employees); ○ become the primary decision-makers; and ○ act as role models and motivators. Managers require a wide array of skills, but the two most common are effectiveness and efficiency. ○ Effectiveness is doing the right thing. ○ Efficiency is doing things right. Managers have five main functions—namely, planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.1. Management and Its Functions 11 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management Try This! A. True or False. Write true if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write false. ________________ 1. Management is manipulation only. ________________ 2. The process of management is the responsibility of the managers. ________________ 3. Minimum output with maximum input is the core principle of efficiency. ________________ 4. Not going beyond the boundaries of the task required talks a lot about effectiveness. ________________ 5. All managers should be both effective and efficient. ________________ 6. Planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling are the primary functions of management. ________________ 7. Staffing is only concerned with the selection of employees. ________________ 8. Controlling is manipulating your subordinates for personal gain. ________________ 9. When managers give out motivation, they are tapping the leading function. ________________ 10. Preparing for unfavorable circumstances or contingency measures is a part of planning. 1.1. Management and Its Functions 12 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management B. Identification. Identify the term or phrase being asked in each item. ________________ 1. They execute the responsibilities including the management of employees. ________________ 2. It is simply doing the right thing. ________________ 3. This skill requires you to do things the right way. ________________ 4. It is used to address all persons under a certain manager. ________________ 5. It is the process of interviewing and/or examining applicants. Challenge Yourself Short-Response Essay. The following are different questions and situations that concern the functions of management. Write your answer in the space provided. The rubric at the end of this section will be used to grade your answers. 1. The marketing department has been entrusted to you. As a manager, which leadership style will you employ? How are you going to motivate your subordinates? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Some of your subordinates are quarreling. Using your managerial function of controlling, how will you address the situation? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.1. Management and Its Functions 13 Unit 1: Nature and Concept of Management ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. “Management is getting work done through others.” With this in mind, how will you personally define management? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Suggested Rubric for Grading The rubric below is a suggested one. Your teacher may modify it based on your needs. Consult your teacher for the final rubric. Performance Levels 1 2 3 Suggested Criteria Score Beginning Proficient Advanced Weight Proficiency Proficiency Content Less than half of the More than half of All of the answers answers are logical the answers are are logical and ×3 and plausible. logical and plausible. plausible. Completeness Less than half of the More than half of All the required items are present. the items are items are present. ×2 present. Language Less than half of the More than half of All answers are answers are the answers are grammatically grammatically correct grammatically correct correct and free of ×1 and free of spelling and free of spelling spelling errors. errors. errors. Total Possible Score 15 1.1. Management and Its Functions 14

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