Lesson 1 (Nature of Quantitative Research.pptx

AL RESEAR CH 2 NATURE AND INQUIRY OF RESEARCH INTRODUCTION to Quantitative research  What is Quantitative research? uses scientifically collected and statistically analyzed data to investigate observable phenomena  observable...

AL RESEAR CH 2 NATURE AND INQUIRY OF RESEARCH INTRODUCTION to Quantitative research  What is Quantitative research? uses scientifically collected and statistically analyzed data to investigate observable phenomena  observable statistical analysis phenomenon In FOCUS any existing or observable fact or situation that we want to unearth Pearson’s r, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA further or understand scientifically investigate collected uses a scientific method in it is imperative that the data obtained designing and collecting numerical must be numerical and quantifiable data Numerical data VS non-numerical data Numerical data are generally easier to collect than descriptions or phrases used in qualitative research. Information like student’s grades in different subjects, number of hours of engagement in social media platforms of teens, percentage of consumers who prefer the color blue for soap packaging, and average of daily Covid-19 patient recovery per region are just few examples of research data expressed in numbers. Numerical data VS non- numerical data Numerical data VS non- numerical data  Numerical data VS non- numerical data Some data, on the other hand, Several forms of rating scales are are not directly countable and available, e.g., the Likert scale that we thus require conversion from non- can use to quantify data. Usually, they numerical information into come in a selection of numbers with a numerical information. corresponding meaning for each choice, for example: 1= tastes very good, 2 = satisfactory, or 3 = For instance, determining which undesirable. brand of canned sardines is the Numerical choices convert texts into best choice for consumers in numbers so the researcher can terms of taste cannot be perform mathematical operations expressed in numbers unless we for faster, more accurate, and more do a survey using a rating scale. objective analysis. Characteristics of quantitative research 1. Large Sample Size To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must come from a large sample size. 2. Objectivity Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately, objectively, and are unaffected by the researcher’s intuition and personal guesses. 3. Concise Visual Presentation Data is numerical which makes presentation through graphs, charts, and tables possible and with better and interpretation Characteristics of quantitative research 4.Faster Data Analysis. The use of a statistical tools gives way for a less time consuming data analysis. 5. Generalized Data Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if sampling is done accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and random samples were taken. Characteristics of quantitative research 6.Fast and Easy Data Collection. Depending on the type of data needed, collection can be quick and easy. Quantitative research uses standardized research instruments that allow the researcher to collect data from a large sample size efficiently. For instance, a single survey form can be administered simultaneously to collect various measurable characteristics like age, gender, socio- economic status, etc. Characteristics of quantitative research 7. Reliable Data. Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a representative of the population, making it more credible and reliable for policymaking and decision making. 8. High Replicability. The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings enhancing its validity, free from false or immature conclusions. advantages of quantitative research 1. Objective since it provides numerical data 2. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to predict outcomes. 3. Findings are generalizable to the population. 4. There is conclusive establishment of cause and effect. advantages of quantitative research 5. The use of statistical techniques facilitates sophisticated analyses. 6. The numerical data can be analyzed in a quick and easy way by employing valid random. advantages of quantitative research 7. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated. 8. Validity and reliability can be established Dis-advantages of quantitative research 1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or concept in depth. 2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of human experiences. 3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data such as feelings, and beliefs. Dis-advantages of quantitative research 4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible. 5. The participants are limited to choose only from the given responses. Dis-advantages of quantitative research 6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate responses. 7. A large sample size makes data collection more costly.  Kinds of Quantitative research  Kinds of quantitative res Descriptive design used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing it as it occurs in nature. There is no experimental manipulation, and the researcher does not start with a hypothesis. The goal of descriptive research is only to describe the person or object of the study.  Kinds of quantitative res Correlational design The correlational design identifies the relationship between variables. Data is collected by observation since it does not consider the cause and effect  Kinds of quantitative res Experimental design used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of two or more variables. This design provides a more conclusive result because it uses random assignment of subjects and experimental manipulations..  Kinds of quantitative res Ex Post Facto design used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events and present conditions. The term “Ex post facto” which means after the fact, looks at the possible causes of an already occurring phenomenon.