Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication PDF

UNIT 1 : Nature and Elements of Communication  LESSONS IN THIS UNIT Lesson 1: Definition and Process of Communication Lesson 2: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Lesson 3: Elements of Communication Lesson 4: Models of Communication  UNIT OBJECTIVES Define 1 communicat...

UNIT 1 : Nature and Elements of Communication  LESSONS IN THIS UNIT Lesson 1: Definition and Process of Communication Lesson 2: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Lesson 3: Elements of Communication Lesson 4: Models of Communication  UNIT OBJECTIVES Define 1 communication and 2 Distinguish verbal explain the process from nonverbal of communication; communication; Identify the Differentiate the 3 elements of 4 various models of communication; communication. and Nature and Elements of Communication Rollo May, an author and existential psychologist, stated that, “Communication leads to community, that is, to understanding, intimacy, and mutual valuing.” Communication, then, is more than just the process of saying something to another. Rather, it is a way by which we could make ourselves heard and understood, as well as a way for us to know more about and understand others. In this unit, you will learn more about the nature and elements of communication.  1 Definition and Process of Communication  Communication is an important human need. It is essential for us to be able to define what communication is and what makes it so. In this way, we can further develop our communication skills and understand how to make them effective.  LEARN ABOUT IT! Communication is the transmission of ideas and emotions between or among persons with the use of verbal and nonverbal cues. The word communication comes from the Latin word communis, which means “common.” Communication is a process; it starts with a stimulus, which is an idea or concept that the sender has and would like to convey. The sender encodes the message by putting it into words and then expresses the ideas in proper sequence. This message is then accepted and interpreted or decoded by the receiver. The receiver may or may not respond to the sender. If the receiver chooses to respond, then he or she will provide feedback. When providing feedback, the receiver then becomes the sender, and the initial sender then becomes the receiver of the message. LEARN ABOUT IT! There may, however, be a breakdown in the communication process. This breakdown in the process may happen because of noise, which is any barrier or hindrance that obstructs the understanding of the message.  Take a look at the phone conversation below : The stimulus in the conversation is Annie’s intention to ask Cathy about their lesson in English last Friday. Annie translates this stimulus into words. Cathy receives the message, decodes it, and provides feedback that she understands the idea by telling Annie what they did in their English class. However, because of the element of noise, which, in this case, is the crackling and breaking up of the phone line, Annie could not hear Cathy’s message well. LET’S CHECK IN! 1. What is the idea or concept that a senders wants to convey? 2. What is the response of the receiver after he or she receives the message? 3. Is feedback on a message given all the time?  2 Verbal and Nonverbal Communication  When receiving good or bad news, it is but natural for us to react with a smile or a frown. This kind of feedback is an important part of communication that we tend to overlook. In communication, there are verbal and nonverbal elements present. We have to understand that both make up an effective means of communicating. LEARN ABOUT IT! Verbal communication refers to the use of words or speech in sending messages and transmitting ideas or feelings. The communicators make use of language in order to convey what they would like others to know. For example, the words in a conversation are considered verbal communication or verbal cues. Nonverbal communication, on the other hand, refers to the act of expressing ideas in ways that do not involve or go beyond using words. Body language, appearance, voice, and environment are some of the nonverbal cues that greatly affect the meaning of one’s message. LEARN ABOUT IT! The various types of nonverbal communication are as follows: A. Proxemics This refers to how the space or distance between the sender and the receiver affects their communication. This includes intimate distance (less than 6 inches to 18 inches), for embracing, touching, or whispering; personal distance (1.5 to 4 feet), which is for interacting with good friends or family; social distance (4 to 12 feet), which is for interacting with acquaintances, and public distance (12 to 25 feet or more), which is used for public speaking. Example: standing close to someone you are very familiar with LEARN ABOUT IT! The various types of nonverbal communication are as follows: B. Kinesics This refers to the use of body language in communication. This includes gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions. Example: leaning forward while listening to someone C. Chronemics This refers to the role of time in the communication process. Since various cultures may have different perceptions of time when it comes to punctuality or in interactions, chronemics may greatly affect communication. Example: arriving early to a job interview LEARN ABOUT IT! The various types of nonverbal communication are as follows: D. Paralanguage This refers to the tone, speed, and volume of a speaker’s voice. Sighs and gasps are also considered as paralanguage Example: speaking slowly and using low volume E. Haptics This refers to the use of touch to convey meaning in a conversation. This is often dependent on culture. In some countries, friendly touching is encouraged, but in others, it is considered an invasion of one’s personal space. Example: tightly hugging someone LET’S CHECK IN! 1. What is the difference between verbal and nonverbal communication? 2. What are the different types of nonverbal communication? 3. What makes nonverbal communication as important as verbal communication?  3 Elements of Communication  The elements of communication are the components that make the communication process possible. Learning about and understanding these elements will allow one to get a better picture of the communication process and how it works. LEARN ABOUT IT! The five elements of communication focus on each aspect of the process and relate its importance accordingly. A good communicator must consider looking into these elements to deliver an effective message. Below are the five elements of communication: A. Participants These are the communicators; they can be both senders and receivers. A sender transmits the information to the receiver, while the receiver decodes the message in order to formulate a response.  LEARN ABOUT IT! B. Context This refers to the interrelated conditions that affect the message. These include physical, psychological, social, and cultural factors. Physical context refers to the place, time, environment, and distance between communicators. Example: The way you communicate with your sibling when there is no one around may be different from the way you communicate with each other when other people are present. Social context refers to the relationship of the communicators. Example: The way you communicate with a person of authority that you have only just met is different from the way you speak with someone who has been a close friend of yours for years.  LEARN ABOUT IT! Psychological context refers to the moods and feelings of the communicators. Think of the moments when your mood or feelings made you communicate differently. Example: When you are sad or angry, for example, you might say things that you would not say if you were happy. Cultural context includes the beliefs and norms of the participants. This comes into play when you are speaking with someone who is of a different gender, age, social status, religion, or nationality. Example: When speaking with an exchange student from Japan, for example, you may need to explain some Filipino terms you use in a conversation, terms that you do not need to explain to a fellow Filipino. LEARN ABOUT IT! C. Message This is the main point of having communication. The message is the main idea or information that the sender would like to convey to the receiver. Thus, it is important for the message to be clear and understandable to the receiver. D. Channel This is the means of delivering the message. It can be a face-to-face conversation, a letter, a phone call, an email, or a social media site. E. Feedback This refers to the response of the receiver. This helps the sender of the message determine whether the message was understood by the receiver. If the participants of the conversation continue giving feedback, the flow of communication continues. LET’S CHECK IN! 1. What is referred to as interrelated conditions that affect the message. 2. What is the main idea or information that the sender would like to convey to the receiver? 3. What is the means of delivering the message?  4 Models of Communication  As we delve deeper into the process of communication, this lesson will show us the different models of communication and how each model has its own concepts, uses, and importance in a given context. LET’S LEARN ABOUT IT! The term “model of communication” refers to a conceptual representation that is used to explain the communication process. There are various models of communication, with each of them offering a different perspective on the communication process. The three general types of communication models are the following: linear, interactive, and transactional. LET’S LEARN ABOUT IT! The linear communication model presents communication as a one-way activity in which information flows from the sender to the receiver. This process shows only a passive receiver. Feedback is not a part of the process, and the role of the receiver is only to accept information.  LET’S LEARN ABOUT IT! The interactive communication model, on the other hand, shows communication as a two-way activity. The sender and the receiver have the same role in the activity: either one comes up with an idea, sends a message, and reacts to it. The model involves feedback, an element missing from the linear communication model. It may also include noise, an element that affects the interpretation of the message. LET’S LEARN ABOUT IT! The transactional communication model presents communication not only as a two-way process but also as a simultaneous activity. Senders and receivers are called participants since they are capable of both sending and receiving messages anytime or at the same time. LET’S LEARN ABOUT IT! Nonverbal cues such as gestures, tone of voice, or body language are also considered as feedback in this type of communication model. The noise and the environment are additional elements that affect the process.  LET’S LEARN ABOUT IT! Moreover, this model takes into account that communicators react to the situation based on their own past experiences, current status, and anticipated future. Each communicator also has a different background and may have a different set of norms, values, and beliefs. All of these influence the transmission and interpretation of messages.  LET’S LEARN ABOUT IT! The diverse perceptions and backgrounds of the communicators influence their response to a particular communication situation.  LET’S CHECK IN! 1. What are the three basic models of communication? 2. Give the characteristics of each model. 3. What situation (s) is / are each model focused on?  Thanks! Do you have any questions? Credits: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik. ASSIGNMENT 1. A WRITTEN QUIZ WILL BE GIVEN ON OUR FACE TO FACE SCHEDULE. 2. INSTRUCTION ON PERFORMANCE ACTIVITY PER GROUP WILL BE GIVEN AFTER THE WRITTEN QUIZ. Note : The remaining time after the quiz will be intended for grouping, brainstorming and practice for the performance activity for the next face to face schedule.